PATENT BRIEFING
BRAZIL
- Manufacture of microcapsules from an emulsion of an aqueous solution of a hydrophilic protein with free amino groups L. T. Hayworth and D. A. Jones.[Mars, Inc.]Microcapsules of diameter 50–100 is, with awall of cross-linked naturally occurring protein, were prepared and dried. They could be rehydrated by stirring with water. Brazilian Pedido 87 02,059 (1988)
CANADA
- Chewable aspirin and buffering material tablet H. Lapidus.[Combe, Inc.]Microencapsulated aspirin and calcium carbonate were dispersedin synthetic chocolate which was then cut into squares. Canadian Patent 1 234,761 (1988)
CHINA
- Microencapsulated photoimaging material containing crystalline organic compound P. C. Adair.[Mead Corp.]A photoimaging material for forming coloured images of improvedtone quality contains a microencapsulated colour former.
EUROPE
- Faming Zhuanli Shenqing Gongkai Shuomingshu 85 105,919 (1987)
- Biodegradable polymers for retarding preparations with controlled release H. Bader, D. Rueppel, A. Walch and M. Magerstaedt.[Hoechst A.-G.]The preparation ofbiodegradable amides which contain a functional group capable of releasing an active agent is described. Microcapsules of 1–2 mm diameter had released 50% of their contained buserelin after 36 days. European Patent Application 245,840 (1987)
- Preparation of polymerizable fl-glycerophospholipids for production of liposome H. Yoshioka and K. Suzuki.[Terumo Corp.]The title compounds, containing a polymeriz-able functional group and useful in the preparation of liposomes for delivery of pharmaceuticals, were prepared. European Patent Application 251,229 (1988)
- Method of preparing single bilayered liposomes F. H. Boller and R. R. Niederer.[Cilag A.-G.]Pharmaceutical liposomes of diameter 25 pm were prepared. Europe Patent Application 253,619 (1988)
- Phospholipid particles encapsulating polyene medical fungicides for the treatment of systemic fungal injections J. Adler-Moore, R. C. Gamble and R. T. Proffitt.[Vestar, Inc.]Injectable compositionscontain polyene antifungal agents encapsulated in small unilamellar liposomes of phospholipids and cholesterol. European Patent Application 260,811 (1988)
- Oral delivery of bioactive agents to and through the Peyer's patch by use of microencapsulation T. R. Tice, J. K. Staas, R. M. Gilley and J. H. Eldridge.[Southern Research Institute; University of Alabama.]Bioactive agents are delivered to the Peyer's patch by encapsulating the agent in a biodegradable biocompatible microencapsulating material, so that the microcapsules are taken up by the Peyer's patch and not degraded in the gastrointestinal tract. European Patent Application 266,119 (1988)
- Liposome encapsulated labels for immunochemical determination of antistreptolysin 0 and kit therefor M. Kida, I. Kitabata, K. Kubotsu and Y. Sakata.[Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.]Liposomes encapsulating a labeling substance and streptolysin 0 (SLO) are added to a serum sample, and after the reaction between the antistreptolysin (ASO) in the sample and the SLO added, the amount of labeling substance released by lysis of the liposome membrane and residual SLO is measured. European Patent Application 268,773 (1988)
- Manufacture of poly(lactic acid) microspheres containing physiologically active substances S. Muranishi, Y. Ikada, H. Yoshikawa and S. Gen.[Sanraku, Inc.; Biomaterials Universe, Inc.]Microspheres of diameter 1–2 ji, exhibiting good control of release of poly(L-lactic acid), were prepared by ultrasonic emulsification. European Patent Application 269,921 (1988)
- Multiple electrocoating process Y. Tsuchiya and K. Tobinaga.[Nippon Paint Co., Ltd.]The process consists of coating witha dispersion of electrically conductive microgel particles then coating with a second composition of film-forming resin and cross-linking agent. European Patent Application 274,389 (1988)
- Solid core liposomes for sustained drug release L. Huang. [University of Tennessee Research Corp.]The preparation of solid core liposomesfor sustained drug release is described. European Patent Application 277,776 (1988)
- Microencapsulation by interfacial polyaddition and colorant-containing microcapsule aqueous suspensions for the manufacture of carbon-free paper G. Vivant.[Rhone-Poulenc Chimie.]A colourant-containing aqueous suspension of micro-capsules of diameter 8u is useful for fabrication of carbon-free paper. European Patent Application 278,878 (1988)
- Multilayer IR-laser photoimaging material containing heat-meltable microcapsules H. Sakojiri and H. Takahashi.[Seiko Instruments, Inc.]The material consists of a supportcarrying heat-meltable microcapsules containing an IR-absorbing material and a colour former which is released upon irradiation with an IR laser of predetermined wavelength. European Patent Application 279,104 (1988)
- Perfumed composition with a deodorizing or antiperspirant activity G. Holzner. [Firmenich S. A.]An antiperspirant, e.g. an aluminium compound and amicroencapsulated fragrance, were formulated into a roll-on. European Patent Application 279,328 (1988)
- Process for glossing developer sheet for pressure-sensitive copying paper and microen-capsulated photoimaging material B. C. Stone and S. D. Proehl.[Mead Corp.]A method for glossing a developer sheet having athermoplastic developer resin layer on a support is described. European Patent Application 279,671 (1988)
- Multivesicular pharmaceutical liposomes containing active agents encapsulated in the presence of hydrochlorides S. B. Howell and S. Kim.[Clayton Foundation for Research.]Multivesicular lipid vesicles orliposomes were prepared in the presence of a hydrochloride. The leakage of the active ingredient was 50% in 12 days compared with 50% in 12 h if the encapsulation was carried out in the absence of hydrochlorides. European Patent Application 280,503 (1988)
- Aqueous herbicidal suspensions of microencapsulated N-chloroacetylcyclohexenamines and chloroacetanilides H. W. Haesslin and W. P. Iwanzik.[Ciba-Geigy A.-G.]The title suspensions, microen-capsulated in polyurea, showed 100% pre-emergence control of Echinochloa crus-galli even after 3 weeks in greenhouse experiments. European Patent Application 281,521 (1988)
- Process for preparation of gastro-resistant pancreatic digestive enzyme-containing microcapsules P. D'Amico. [Sandoz S. A.]Pancreatic digestive enzyme-containing microcapsules suitablefor oral administration were prepared. European Patent Application 283,442 (1988)
- Curing unsaturated polyester sheet molding using agents which prevent precure in molds W. R. Sanderson, P. R. Harrison and S. Derbyshire.[Interox Chemicals Ltd.]The processuses an accelerated peroxide system preventing premature cross-linking and consisting of peroxides and microencapsulated transition metal salts. European Patent Application 287,288 (1988)
- Light-fixable head-sensitive recording material with diazonium salt and coupler S. Tatsuta and S. Ishige.[Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.]The recording material has a layer ofdiazonium salt and a coupler which reacts with it to produce colour. The material is microencapsulated in a capsule whose wall becomes permeable when heated. European Patent Application 284,378 (1988)
- Hydroxybutyrate polymer particles for controlled release of agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals M. Trau and R. W. Truss.[ICI Australia Ltd.]Controlled-release microcapsules contain anactive ingredient and a copolymer skin which may have a porosity covering 0-50% of its surface area. The porosity of the interior can also be regulated. This permits a wide range of release rates for a wide range of active ingredients. European Patent Application 293,172 (1988)
FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY
- Preparation of liposomes in the presence of surfactants [Max-Planck-Institut fuer Medizinische und Pharmazeutische Innovationen G. m.b.H.]Thepreparation of homogeneous, unilamellar large liposomes from egg yolk lecithin containing inulin is described. German Offenlegungsschrift 3,635,506 (1988)
- Microencapsulation of coloring component dissolved in hydrophobic oil G. Pietsch and K. H. Schrader.[Papierfabrik August Koehler A.-G.]A method formicroencapsulation of a hydrophobic oil containing a dissolved colour-former for the production of a material useful for colour-reaction systems is described. German Offenlegungsschrift 3,709,586 (1988)
- Cosmetic and pharmaceutical lipid spherule dispersions containing amphilic compounds free of sulfhydryl groups R. M. Handjani Vila and A. Ribier.[Oreal S. A.]The dispersed lipids are spherules of ionic ornonionic amphiphilic compounds enclosing a pharmaceutical. The topical composition was applied twice daily to patients suffering from dermatosis. German Offenlegungsschrift 3,713,493 (1987)
JAPAN
- Formation of laser color images H. Sakoshiri. [Seiko Instruments and Electronics, Ltd.]The method uses a support carryingthree different types of microcapsules containing cyan, magentwor yellow leuco dyes encapsulated in a thermoplastic resin and laser beams of three different wavelengths to produce a high-quality multicolour image. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 62 240,586 (1987)
- Process for the preparation of artificial lipids and their uses I. Tabuse and T. Nishitani.[Daikin Industries, Ltd.]The preparation of artificial lipids,useful for the manufacture of liposomes is described. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 62 252,795 (1987)
- Non-magnetic microencapsulated toner containing composite metal oxide colorant S. Kori and J. Machida.[Minolta Camera Co., Ltd.]A microencapsulated toner for two-component development is non-magnetic and shows excellent pressure fixing properties and provides high density black images. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 62 283,347 (1987)
- N-higher acyl-glutathiones and liposomes containing them as antidotes and for treatment of liver diseases H. Kiwada, M. Akimoto, M. Araki, M. Tsuji and Y. Kato.[Yamanouchi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.]N-higher acylglutathiones useful as liposomes were used for lowering glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase in acetaminophen-treated rats. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 02,922 (1988)
- N-higher acylglutathiones as antidotes or for improving liver function H. Kiwada, M. Akimoto, M. Araki, M. Tsuji and Y. Kato.[Yamanouchi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.]Title compounds, useful as agents for improving metabolic function, were prepared and incorporated into liposomes. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 02,931 (1988)
PCT
- Pressure-sensitive copying material Y. Saeki, M. Takashima and K. Iwakura.[Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.]Pressure sensitivecopying material contains a sheet carrying an electron-donating colourless dye microencapsulated by a synthetic resin and produces high density and storage-stable images. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 31,789 (1988)
- Microcapsules containing analgesic peptides T. Butani, H. Okada and T. Ogawa.[Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd.]The preparation ofthe microcapsules is described and the residue in the microcapsules after various times was measured. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 41,416 (1988)
- Skin cosmetics containing liposomes prepared from hydrogenated phospholipids and liquid hydrocarbons T. Kondo and T. I layashi.[Kobayashi Kose Co., Ltd.]Skin cosmetics contain stableliposomes with hydrogenated phospholipids, liquid hydrocarbons and water as the membrane components. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 51,311 (1988)
- Cold pressure-fixable encapsulated color-toner [Xerox Corp.]The toner composition consists of a polymer shell and a polymer containingdispersed pigment particles as microcapsules. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 64,056 (1988)
- Manufacture of pharmaceutical microcapsules using sucrose fatty acid esters and lecithins M. Kasai, T. Owaki, M. Tanaka and Y. Miyake.[Eisai Co., Ltd.]Pharmaceutical micro-capsules are prepared from a sparingly soluble powdered substance coated with fatty acid sucrose esters or lecithins. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 65,945 (1988)
- Manufacture of microcapsules releasing pharmaceutical at specific pH values I. Morishita, T. Nagai and R. Mochida.[Tsumura Juntendo, Inc.]In a test, the preparedmicrocapsules released the pharmaceutical at pH 6.5-7.2 but not in an artificial gastric juice either buffered or unbuffered. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 79,818 (1988)
- Preparation of copolymer microparticle carriers for immobilization of physiologically active substances Y. Moroishi, T. Asano and T. Tomita.[Nitto Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.]Polymer coatedpolymer microparticles are useful for immobilization of physiologically active substances which can be regenerated. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 80,845 (1988)
- Manufacture of microcapsules for perfumes, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, feeds and dyes M. Ishiguro.[Mitsubishi Paper Mills, Ltd.]Yeast cells dispersed in a solution of C1_3monovalent alcohols were microencapsulated and suspended in a dye for encapsulation. The microencapsulated dye was used in the manufacture of carbonless papers. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 88,033 (1988)
- Manufacture of nonagglomerating free-flowing synthetic resin microbeads with low softening point M. Kadobayashi and S. Kids.[Matsumoto Yushi-Seiyaku Co., Ltd.]Microbeads wereprepared by adhering synthetic resin particles with a relatively high softening point on to resin microbeads having a relatively low softening point, given microbeads of diameter 10-25y. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 93,346 (1988)
- Microparticle immunofluorescence assay of hormones and other substances T. Mizukoshi. [Showa Denko K. K.]The number of species of test substances ins sample canbe determined by reaction with microparticle carriers sensitized by the same number of substances reactive with the respective test substances. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 95,357 (1988)
- Liposomes prepared from hydrogenated egg yolk lecithins S. Seno and K. Abe.Liposomes prepared from hydrogenated egg yolk lecithins are useful as drugcarriers. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 96,193 (1988)
- Leuco dye developer-containing ink and color developer sheet for pressure-sensitive copying using same M. Asano and K. Hasegawa.[Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals, Inc.]Pressure-sensitive copyingsheets containing microencapsulated dye gave high-density blue images which were stable to nitrogen oxides. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 102,976 (1988)
- Inks containing developer for leuco dye and pressure-sensitive copying paper using same M. Asano and K. Hasegawa.[Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals, Inc.]Pressure-sensitive copyingwith a typewriter, using copying paper with a dye overlay sheet containing ink microencapsulated in melamin resin, gave clear blue images highly resistant to nitrogen oxides. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 102,978 (1988)
- Enzyme-containing detergent compositions T. Onoda, H. Sugai and K. Sekiguchi.[Shows Denko K. K.]Liquid or gelled detergentsuniformly dispersed with vinyl alcohol polymer-encapsulated enzymes are useful for laundering, dish-washing, cleaning furniture and as shampoos and bath preparations. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 105,098 (1988)
- Lithographic plate materials C. Oishi. [Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.]An imaging layer is formed on one side of a support andan adhesive-containing microcapsule layer on the back side, enabling a large number of prints to be obtained. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 109, 088 (1988)
- Low-pressure fixable magnetic capsule toners A. Okuma. [Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.]Microcapsule toners which may beproduced economically by using a gelatin-coacervation method showed good fixability and gave high quality images. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 110,459 (1988)
- Manufacture of liposomes containing pharmaceuticals K. Iga, S. Hamaguchi and T. Ogawa.[Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd.]Pharmaceuticalsare contained in liposomes prepared from phospholipids containing saturated acyl groups and glycolipids containing sulphate groups. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 112,572 (1988)
- Labeled liposome-antibody conjugates for determination of specific test substances by complement lysis immunoassay Y. Ishimori and M. Hado.[Toshiba Corp.]A reagent for immunoassay consists ofcholesterol-containing phospholipids or glycolipids containing a microencapsulated hydrophilic label. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 120,256 (1988)
- Electrostatographic heat-fixable encapsulated toner A. Matsubara and J. Takahashi.[Konica Co.]Vinyl polymers are incorporated in heat-fusiblecore particles and a thermoplastic polymer is employed as a shell material to prepare electrostato-graphic microencapsulated toner particles with improved offset resistance, low temperature fixability and wide fixable temperature ranges. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 128,357 (1988)
- Electrostatographic heat-fixable microencapsulated toners A. Matsubara and J. Takahashi.[Konica Co.]A non-linear polyester binder is used to formheat-fusible core particles and a thermoplastic polymer is used for the shell material to prepare electrostatographic microencapsulated toner particles with improved offset resistance, low tempera-ture fixability and wide fixable temperature ranges. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 128,358 (1988)
- Electrostatographic heat-fixable microencapsulated toners A. Matsubara and J. Takahashi. [Konica Co.]A non-linear polymer and a wax are incorporatedin heat-fusible core particles and a thermoplastic polymer is used as a shell material to prepare electrostatographic microencapsulated toner particles with improved offset resistance, low tempera-ture fixability and wide fixable temperature ranges. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 128,360 (1988)
- Electrostatographic heat-fixable microencapsulated toners A. Matsubara and J. Takahashi.[Konica Co.]A polyester and a wax are incorporated in heat-fusible core particles and a thermoplastic polymer is used as shell material to prepare electrostato-graphic microencapsulated toner particles with improved offset resistance, low temperature fixability and wide fixable temperature ranges. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 128,362 (1988)
- Manufacture of low-temperature-curable one-liquid polyurethane coating compositions K. Kato.[Citizen Watch Co., Ltd.]The compositions were prepared from isocyanatesencapsulated in microcapsules having a transition temperature 50-100°C. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 130,678 (1988)
- Image formation based on photopolymerization followed by pressure image transfer S. Saida, K. Tsujimoto and T. Anzai.[Sharp Corp.]Microcapsules containing a dyeprecursor are ruptured by pressure allowing their contents to react with a colour developer to produce a coloured image which is transferred to a receptor sheet. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 132,236 (1988)
- Thermal recording materials with a heat-sensitive layer and a transparent layer T. Shimomura and T. Usami.[Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.]A heat-sensitive layer containing amicroencapsulated colourless or pale dye precursor and a transparent layer which becomes opaque on heating are laminated on a support to give a thermal recording sheet giving high contrast images. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 134,281 (1988)
- Fluorine compound-modified antibodies for use in NAIR diagnosis T. Kobayashi, M. Shimizu, T. Furuta and T. Mori.[Asahi Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.]Anti-carcinoembryonic antigen monoclonal antibody was modified with liposomes of a fluorine compound encapsulated in egg yolk lecithin. On testing on nude mice with colon cancer by NMR imaging, the image was clear. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 135,337 (1988)
- Pentaerythritol phosphate derivatives as materials for medicinal liposomes and their preparation Y. Matsushita, E. Hasegawa, K. Ejima and H. Tsuchida.The preparation of pentaerythritolphosphate derivatives for use in liposomes is described. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 139,186 (1988)
- Microcapsule sheets for pressure-sensitive recording containing a modified poly(vinyl alcohol) S. Azuma, K. Ikeda and Y. Saeki.[Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.]Microcapsule sheets forpressure-sensitive recording material contain a modified poly(vinyl alcohol) having hydrophobic groups in the colour-former microcapsule layer which prevent fog formation. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 144,082 (1988)
- Manufacture of slip prevention sheets Y. Meiwa, H. Fujioka and H. Yanaka.[Kao Corp.]A sheet having good anti-slip and anti-blocking properties consists of cross-linkable adhesives on a substrate covered with thermally expandable polymer beads. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 146,945 (1988)
- Thermal development type diazo copying materials with a photosensitive layer containing a diazo compound and an encapsulated coupling component T. Hirabayashi. [Ricoh Co., Ltd.]A microencapsulated diazo copying paper gave highdensity images with good thermal stability and showed good storage stability. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 147,158 (1988)
- Sensitized liposomes for analysis by complement lysis immunoassay T. Tsuneyoshi and Y. Ishimori.[Toshiba Corp.]A reagent for immunoassay consists oflabel-containing phospholipid and/or glycolipid liposomes and antibodies or antigens bound thereon. Results compared well with those determined by RIA. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 151,858 (1988)
- Photopolymerization photographic material T. Sankochi and A. Sakai.[Brother Industries, Ltd.]The material contains a microen-capsulated photosensitive material in which the external walls of the microcapsules possess irregularities to increase photosensitivity. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 151,940 (1988)
- One-piece baseballs and softballs H. Kenbishi, Y. Takami and N. Miwa.[Naigai Rubber Industry Co., Ltd.]Cross-linkablefoam mouldings for baseballs were prepared from rubbers or plastics containing polymer-encapsulated hydrocarbon blowing agents. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 158,077 (1988)
- Recording materials using free radical species T. Okamoto, S. Okimoto, K. Ishida and K. Mando.[Kanzaki Paper Mfg. Co., Ltd.]Thegenerator of free radicals or the colour former that develops colour by reaction with the free radicals is microencapsulated, precluding premature colour development by light. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 159,845 (1988)
- Recording materials for blue images H. Fujisaki, Y. Uda, K. Mizuno and K. Tsunemitsu.[Tamada Chemical Co., Ltd.]Amicroencapsulated colour former sheet was used for pressure copying together with a colour developer sheet coated with active clay to give lightfast violet-black images. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 160,876 (1988)
- Thermal- and pressure-sensitive recording sheet units H. Watanabe and S. Kawamura.[Tokai Pulp Co., Ltd.]Units containing a partiallymicroencapsulated colour former sheet are resistant to staining by abrasion and provide high-density durable images without blurring. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 160,883 (1988)
- Thermal recording material containing leuco dyes and color developers K. Moronuki. [Honshu Paper Co., Ltd.]A recording sheet showing high sensitivity andgiving high density images with good storage stability contains microencapsulated liquid organic solvents capable of dissolving the leuco dyes and/or the colour developers. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 162,282 (1988)
- Electrophotographic developers containing microcapsule toner particles and conductive silica particles Y. Akashi.[Canon K. K.]Electrophotographic developers showing good charging properties,fixability, anti-offset properties and durability and providing high-quality images contain micro-capsule toner particles and silica of average size 5 it. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 169,666 (1988)
- Toner for electrophotography modified by charge-controlling polymer on particle surface N. Hosoi. [Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.]The electrophotographic toner consists of micro-capsules containing a colourant and an oily binder in the core and a resinous shell. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 177,145 (1988)
- Manufacture of electrophotographic toner particles with long-term stability in triboelectrification N. Hosoi. [Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.]The toner particles, which may be microencapsulated,contain a colouring agent and a binder resin and have their surfaces bonded to polymeric chains. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 177,147 (1988)
- Charge regulator-treated electrophotographic toner particles N. Hosoi. [Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.]Toner particles containing a colouring agent and abinder resin may be microcapsules having shell surfaces bonded to polymer chains. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 177,148 (1988)
- Microencapsulated alkaline earth sulfide phosphors T. Yokoyama and K. Shibata.[Tosoh Corp.]An alkaline earth sulfide was encapsulated withethyl cellulose and a nonionic surfactant to show luminance retention of 95% against hydrolysis. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 178,194 (1988)
- Microcapsule thermal recording materials R. Mando, K. Ishida, S. Okimoto and T. Okamoto.[Kanzaki Paper Mfg. Co., Ltd.]Acolouring layer and/or adjacent undercoat layer contains microencapsulated hydrophobic liquids not containing colouring agents. The materials have high resistance to chemicals while retaining high heat sensitivity. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 182,183 (1988)
- Water-thinned screen-printing inks containing microencapsulated dyes K. Hasegawa, H. Akahori, E. Tanaka, H. Tsutsumi and M. Asano.[Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals, Inc.]Inks with good workability and printability contain hydrophobic organic compound— containing microcapsules and were deposited without foaming or breakage of the microcapsules to produce good images with smooth surface and good storage stability. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 183,975 (1988)
- Microencapsulated photothermographic material for full color images S. Yamamoto. [Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.]Material useful for full color images consists ofthree kinds of microcapsules which are sensitive to three different wavelengths of light. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 184,738 (1988)
- Recording material comprising an encapsulated dye precursor and an electron-accepting compound to improve image discrimination M. Satomura and A. Igarashi.[Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.]The material contains amicroencapsulated colourless dye precursor providing an image with a good discrimination and high density. The image can be fixed to obtain good resistance to chemicals and/or solvents by a uniform post-exposure to light. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 186,230 (1988)
- Manufacture of discoloration-free nylon microspheres N. Shinto and I. Sakuma.[Sekisui Plastics Co., Ltd.]The preparation of porous micro-spheres of diameter 20–30 is described. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 186,738 (1988)
- Manufacture of discoloration-free nylon microspheres N. Shinto and I. Sakuma.[Sekisui Plastics Co., Ltd.]White porous microspheres of diameter7 µ and yellow microspheres were prepared. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 186,739 (1988)
- Reversible thermochromic coloring materials S. Takasaki.[Tanaka Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.]Light-resistant materials were formedinto microcapsules which gave a colouring material having a blue colour at 42°C. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 189,467 (1988)
- Lead-acid batteries Y. Yagyu.[Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.]Slow-releasing microcapsules consistingof hollow silica beads with porous shells filled with dilute sulphuric acid are mixed with lead oxide and formed into a paste to fill electrode grids for lead-acid battery electrodes. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 190,252 (1988)
- Microcapsule toner for electrophotography N. Hosoi. [Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.]A microencapsulated toner shows improved stability oftriboelectric charge, storage stability and flow characteristics. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 191,153 (1988)
- Manufacture of monodisperse acrylic polymer spheres Y. Akasaki, N. Yabuchi and T. Oki.[Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd.]The preparation of monodisperseacrylic polymer microspheres useful for electrophotographic toners is described. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 191,818 (1988)
- High-speed multicolor thermal-transfer recording method H. Takahashi and H. Sakojiri.[Seiko Instruments and Electronics, Ltd.]High-speed high-quality multicolour printing is achieved by obtaining colour images on a colour-forming sheet from a transfer sheet carrying microcapsules of cyan, magenta or yellow leuco dyes. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 193,879 (1988)
- Solvents for pressure-sensitive copying paper S. Kamiyama, M. Ozawa, T. Ichiki and K. Imai.[Toa Nenryo Kogyo K. K.]A solution ofCrystal Violet lactone was microencapsulated and applied to a paper support to give a pressure-sensitive sheet. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 194,978 (1988)
- Microencapsulated colorant-containing color-imaging sheet for recording S. Misono. [Seiko Instruments and Electronics, Ltd.]A colour-forming material for use incolour recording apparatus contains microcapsules of cyan, magenta and yellow colour-precursors. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 199,344 (1988)
- Silver halide photographic material containing microcapsules having photopolymerizable initiator T. Takeda. [Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.]The photosensitive layer of the material contains amicroencapsulated polymerizable compound with a photopolymerization initiator attached to the microcapsule wall. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 199,345 (1988)
- Microcapsule photographic material for pressure-transfer imaging system T. Maruyama. [Seiko Epson Corp.]A material containing a photosensitive layer of amicroencapsulated light-hardening (or softening) substance and colourant has improved separation, exposure and transport in the pressure-transfer apparatus. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 199,349 (1988)
- Manufacture of pharmaceutical-containing liposomes using calcium ions and chelating agents A. Iwamoto and M. Ito.[Noevir Co., Ltd.]Liposomes prepared from phospholipids and/orhydrogenated phospholipids are used with the aid of calcium ions to prepare pharmaceutical-containing liposomes. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 201,117 (1988)
- Microencapsulated colorant-containing color-imaging sheet and heater therefor S. Misono. [Seiko Instruments and Electronics, Ltd.]A colour-forming material containsmicrocapsules of cyan, magenta and yellow colour-precursors. The means of heating is also described. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 202,491 (1988)
- Microcapsule-containing recording materials Y. Saeki, M. Sano, K. Matsuoka, M. Takashima and K. lwakura.[Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.]Microcapsules in the recording materials contain colour formers and nickel-compounds which increase the fastness of the microcapsule layer and the colour formers. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 203,372 (1988)
- Color image-formation sheet T. Agria. [Seiko Instruments and Electronics, Ltd.]The sheet consists of a single micro-capsule layer on a support with high surface reflectance which reduces halation caused by reflected light. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 206,737 (1988)
- Light-shielding support for color image-forming sheet T. Agria. [Seiko Instruments and Electronics, Ltd.]A light-shielding support for preventinghalation in a microcapsule-coated photoimaging sheet was prepared. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 206,738 (1988)
- Surface-treating agents forming low-friction foamed coatings on rubbers N. Nagato and H. Sugyama.[Kinugawa Rubber Industry Co., Ltd.]The coatings, whichcontain microencapsulated water as a blowing agent, are useful in forming a watertight, wear-resistant foamed sealing layer on weatherstripping for sliding glass windows.
- Heat-storage materials M. Nakanishi.[Nippon Capsule Products K. K.]Inorganic compound hydrates e.g. calciumbromide hexahydrate were microencapsulated in natural wax or petroleum wax to form microcapsules of average diameter 240 µ useful as an effective heat-storage material. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 217,196 (1988)
- Heat-fixable microencapsulated electrophotographic toner containing polymer divalent metal salt A. Matsubara and J. Takahashi.[Konica Co.]The toner consists of microcapsules containinga heat-fusible core and a thermoplastic polymer shell. It showed improved offset resistance and provided fog-free clear images. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 217,357 (1988)
- Photothermographic materials containing silver halide, color formers, polymerizable compounds and curing agents T. Nakamura.[Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.]In the title material, the polymerizable compoundand the colour developer and/or the colour former are included in microcapsules whose shells are capable of being cured without external energy. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 218,943 (1988)
- Photothermographic materials containing silver halide, color formers, polymerizable compounds and iridium ions S. Yamamoto.[Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.]Microcapsules in the materials contain at least apolymerizable compound and colour formers. The silver halide grains have a core-shell structure and contain iridium ions. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 218,956 (1988)
- Coloring compositions for pressure-sensitive copying papers A. Fukunishi, T. Tsunekawa and M. Okamoto.[Sanyo Chemical Industries, Ltd.]A paperhaving a microencapsulated developer coating gave clear blue images having good moisture and light resistance. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 221,079 (1988)
- Light media for dyes in pressure-sensitive copying materials A. Fukunishi, T. Tsunekawa and M. Okamoto.[Sanyo Chemical Industries, Ltd.]Themedia consist of solvents for encapsulated dyes and CN group-containing polymers. These compositions provide images with high lightfastness and resistance to moisture. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 221,082 (1988)
- Rodent-repellent fireproofed organic polymer compositions containing microencapsulated cyclohexidine K. Kanemitsuya, T. Futagami and H. Kato. [Mitsubishi Cable Industries, Ltd.]Compositions, useful for wire and cable coatings, pipes and other building materials,contain halogen-free organic polymers, halogenated fireproofing agents and microencapsulated cyclohexidine. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 225,645 (1988)
- Manufacture of rodent-repellent halogenated organic polymer compositions containing microencapsulated cycloheximide K. Kanemitsuya, T. Futagami and H. Kato. [Mitsubishi Cable Industries, Ltd.]Compositions, useful for wire and cable coatings, pipes and other building materials, consistof halogenated organic polymers containing microencapsulated cycloheximide. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 225,646 (1988)
- Manufacture of rodent-repellent thermoplastic building materials containing microen-capsulated cycloheximide K. Kanemitsuya, T. Futagami and H. Kato.[Mitsubishi Cable Industries, Ltd.]Wire andcable insulation were prepared from thermoplastics containing microencapsulated cycloheximide. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 225,659 (1988)
- Plastic building materials with rodent-repellent coatings containing microencapsulated cycloheximide K. Kanemitsuya, T. Futagami and H. Kato.[Mitsubishi Cable Industries, Ltd.]Materialssuch as wire and cable insulation and pipes were coated with rodent-repellent cOmpositions containing microencapsulated cycloheximide. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 225,672 (1988)
- Manufacture of hygienic paper T. Yamazaki.Separate microcapsules of fragrance, alcohol and air were applied to tissue paper toproduce a hygienic paper. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 260,576 (1988)
- Metal-resin laminates with good weldability T. Azami and H. Endo.[Nippon Steel Corp.]Composites have metal outer layers and innerlayers of thickness 50 y containing resins microencapsulated in electrically conductive materials with capsule diameter 50 it. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 270,130 (1988)
- Imaging process using electrostatographic microencapsulated toner S. Tomura and M. Kamiyama.[Toshiba Corp.]The process of forming toner images bynoncontact development of electrostatic latent images uses a microencapsulated toner. The preparation of core particles is described. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 271,371 (1988)
- Imaging process using electrostatographic microencapsulated toner S. Tomura and M. Kamiyama.[Toshiba Corp.]The process of forming toner images bynoncontact development of electrostatic latent images uses a microencapsulated toner. The preparation of core particles is described. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 271,374 (1988)
- Imaging process using electrostatographic microencapsulated toner S. Tomura and M. Kamiyama.[Toshiba Corp.]The process of forming toner images bynoncontact development of electrostatic latent images uses a microencapsulated toner. The preparation of core particles is described. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Kohn 63 271,375 (1988)
- Epoxy resin coating compositions for electronic devices K. Ueda, H. Kitagawa, S. Watanabe, Y. Kanai and M. Kawasaki.[Sanyu Resin Co., Ltd.]Amixture of a resin, microencapsulated butane-hexane as a blowing agent and a curing agent were coated on a film capacitor to give a device with good insulation and moisture resistance and no pinholes. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 273,310 (1988)
- Preparation of nontoxic microcapsules T. Owaki, K. Uesugi, M. Kasai and M. Kashino.[Eisai Co., Ltd.]Non-toxic microcapsuleswith copolymer walls and DL-a-tocopherol acetate cores of diameter 100–300 µ were prepared. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 287,543 (1988)
- Preparation of cellulosic microcapsules T. Owaki, M. Tanaka, K. Uesugi, M. Kasai and M. Kashino.[Eisai Co., Ltd.]Microcapsules were prepared with hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose and/or - pullulan as wall materials which were then covered with silica giving particles of 300-600p diameter. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 287,544 (1988)
- Pressure-sensitive copying papers, multiple form sets with the papers, and method of making them B. J. Cooper and K. J. Clay.[Wiggins Teape Group Ltd.]The material consists of papersheets having a printable pigment coating on the front and a microencapsulated colour former on the back. The papers have improved appearance and printability. PCT International Application 88 04,614 (1988)
- Drug-carrying liposomes with enhanced circulation time T. M. Allen and A. Gabizon.[Liposome Technology, Inc.]Homogeneous-phase bilayerliposomes with encapsulated bleomycin were injected into mice with Y6456 tumour cells. The label levels in different organs were measured. PCT International Application 88 04,924 (1988)
- Multiwall polymer microcapsules for controlled substance release and process for their preparation E. Mathiowitz and R. S. Langer.[Massachusetts Institute of Technology.]The preparationof multilayered polymeric microcapsules, useful for the controlled release of pharmaceuticals, fertilizers, insecticides, flavourings, scents, etc., is described. PCT International Application 88 08,300 (1988)
- Microencapsulation based on coacervation of gelatin-XM6 polysaccharide mixtures G. R. Chilvers, A. P. Gunning and V. J. Morris.[National Research Development Corp.]Acomplex coacervation process allows microencapsulation to be achieved over a wide range of pH and concentrations. PCT International Application 88 08,747 (1988)
- Enhanced uptake drug delivery system L. Illum. [Cosmas—Damian Ltd.]A drug delivery system is described containing numerousmicrocapsules containing an active drug and a surfactant on each which enhances the uptake of the drug. PCT International Application 88 09,163 (1988)
- Method for manufacture of liposomes with high encapsulation efficiency and high lipid content by infusion of lipid-chlorofluorohydrocarbon mixtures into aqueous media F. J. Martin and G. West, III.[Liposome Technology, Inc.]Propanolol was encapsulated inoligolamellar liposomes of particle diameter 0.6 µ. PCT International Application 88 01,864 (1988)
SOUTH AFRICA
- Pharmaceutical edible foams containing controlled-release microparticles L. Mackels and S. Mulligan.[Elan-Pri Ltd.]An edible anhydrous aerosol foam containsa foamable liquid oil, a foaming agent, a propellant and a microencapsulated active ingredient (e.g. theophylline). S. African Patent 87 00,111 (1987)
SWITZERLAND
- Microencapsulation of bromocryptine mesylate J. Franz, W. Prikoszovich and Z. Brich.[Sandoz A. -G.]Bromocryptine mesylate wasmicroencapsulated by spray-drying in a biodegradable matrix. Swiss Patenschrift 666,406 (1988)
UK
- Pressure-sensitive recording material for bar code generation C. Pilikos. [Wiggins Teape Group Ltd.]Bar codes for data storage and computerized datamanagement are prepared using a pressure-sensitive recording material consisting of colour formers and a colour developer in pressure-rupturable microcapsules. UK Patent Application 2,200,662 (1988)
- Microencapsulated sizes for paper and paperboard W. R. Sanderson and P. B. Curzons.[Laporte Industries Ltd.]Sizes for paper andpaperboard can be rendered resistant to hydrolysis by microencapsulation. UK Patent Application 2,201,171 (1988)
USA
- Incubation with bilayer-forming lysophospholipids in lipid-dependent diagnostic assays A. S. Janoff, J. Rauch and C. P. S. Tilcock.[Liposome Co., Inc.]T, ipid -dependent diagnosticassays are provided where the test sample is preincubated, which reduces false positives due to anti-phospholipid antibodies, e.g. lupus anticoagulants. US Patent 4,698,299 (1987)
- Microencapsulated electrophotographic toner for cold pressure fixation M. P. Breton and K. P. Lok.[Xerox Corp.]A microencapsulated electrophotographic tonerwith hard shells suited for cold pressure fixation was prepared. US Patent 4,725,522 (1988)
- Solid phase liposome assay and kit R. L. Campbell, D. B. Wagner and J. P. O'Connell.[Becton, Dickinson and Co.]A processand kit for assaying for an analyte are described, in which a binder on a support is contacted with an analyte and a tracer which is a ligand labeled with a liposome including an invisible detectable marker. US Patent 4,743,560 (1988)
- Pharmaceutical proliposorne compositions containing lipid-coated water-soluble carriers N. I. Payne, P. Timmins and C. V. Ambrose.[E. R. Squibb and Sons, Inc.]Liposomeprecursors are prepared in the form of a thin film of liposomal components coated on a water-soluble particulate carrier. The coated carrier may be packaged and stored in sterile unit dose vials and hydrated to give liposomes of controlled predetermined size. US Patent 4,744,989 (1988)
- Antibiotic-bonded prosthesis and process for its manufacture R. S. Greco, R. A. Harvey, S. Z. Trooskin and G. Strauss.[University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey; Rutgers, State University.]An antibiotic and/or antithrombotic agent may be encapsulated within phospholipid vesicles which are bound to a prosthesis for surgical implantation. US Patent 4,749,585 (1988)
- Imaging sheet containing photosensitive microcapsules and developer-containing resin J. K. Rourke, J. G. O'Connor and K. Colyer.[Mead Corp.]An imaging sheet for formingimages on a plain paper consists of a support carrying photosensitive microcapsules and a developer-containing resin. Less grainy images of enhanced optical density are produced. US Patent 4,751,165 (1988)
- Preparation and testing of succinylglycinamide-containing glycolipids as anti-hypercholesterolemics H. J. M. Kempen.[Nederlandse Centrale Organisatie voor Toegepast-Natuurwetenschappelijk Ondezoek.]The title material tested in rats decreased serum cholesterol by about 50% and the lowered level remained constant for >24 h. US Patent 4,751,219 (1988)
- Pressure-sensitive printing material containing microcapsules containing photocurable resin I. Takagi. [Brother Industries, Ltd.]The material consists of a support carrying a microen-capsulated component which changes the colour of a second component on mixing. A third component of photocurable resin and a photopolymerizing initiator increases the strength of the microcapsules when light is projected thereon. US Patent 4,760,010 (1988)
- Imaging process involving hardening of imaging web border area photosensitive micro-capsules and an apparatus useful therein E. K. Nelson, M. E. Demarchi and D. A. Boyer.[Mead Corp.]An imaging process uses animaging web with a support carrying a layer of photosensitive microcapsules containing a photohardenable composition and a colour former. US Patent 4,770,972 (1988)
- Graphic arts printing media using a syntactic foam based on expanded hollow polymeric microspheres G. E. Melber.A graphic arts printing medium for application to a porous substrate withoutsubstantial bleed-through contains spherical thermoplastic hollow microspheres which are heat-stable and free from further expansion at 175°C. US Patent 4,771,079 (1988)
- Microencapsulated platinum-group metal compounds as curing catalyst in storage-stable siloxane compositions C. L. Lee and R. L. Willis, Jr.[Dow Corning Corp.]Microcapsules consisting of a platinum-group metal compound encapsulated with a thermoplastic were prepared. US Patent 4,784,879 (1988)