PATENT BRIEFING
CZECHOSLOVAKIA
- Method for preparing radioisotope-labeled polymer microspheres Z. Kallay, L. Soltes, I. Novak, T. Tmovec and D. BerekMicroparticles labelled withradioisotopes are used for monitoring physiological function and disease changes in the cardiovascular system. Czech Patent 254,683 (1988)
EUROPE
- Two-step competitive immunoassay using solution-phase reaction and multilayer analysis element determination N. Hiratsuka[Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd]An immunoassay for determining anti-IgGantibody in blood serum involved reacting a sample with labelled antibody and with immobilized human IgG in polyurea microcapsules. A portion of the dispersion was spotted on to a multilayer analytical element which was incubated before the optical density of reflected light was measured. European Patent Application 254,117 (1988)
- Preparation and use of thermochemiluminescent cyclodextrin complexes with adamantylideneadamantane 1,2-dioxetanes as labels for immunoasays T. Luider, J. C. Hummelen, J. N. Koek and H. Wynberg[AKZO N.V.]The title complexescan be encapsulated in immunosensitized microcapsules e.g. liposomes to provide a labeled immunoreagent for immunoassays. European Patent Application 261,719 (1988)
- Aerosol containing liposomes and liposome-drug combinations J. V. Knight, B. E. Gilbert, S. Z. Wilson, H. R. Six and P. R. Wyde[Clayton Foundation for Research]Liposomes with a diameter 5 µ were produced from a mixture of liposomes or liposome—drug combinations of heterogeneous size by use of an aerosol nebulizer. European Patent Application 267,050 (1988)
- Multicolor heat-sensitive recording material S. Washizu, T. Usami and S. Tatsuta[Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd]A multicolour heat-sensitive recording material contains a transparent plastic film support carrying at least two microencapsulated colour-forming layers, one on each surface of the support and containing a colourless dye precursor, an electron-accepting developer, a diazonium salt and a coupler. European Patent Application 269,440 (1988)
- Liposome/anthraquinone drug composition and method Y. Barenholz and A. Gabizon[Yissum Research Development Co.; Hadassah Medical Organization]Damage to the oxidative and free-radical drug and lipid in the title formulations is reduced by including a lipophilic free-radical scavenger and an Fe-specific chelating agent in the liposomes. European Patent Application 274,174 (1988)
- Interleukin-2-containing liposome composition and method for its production J. Sato, Y. Uda and M. Fukuta[Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd]In an interleukin-2-containing liposome composition, the pH of the buffer solution in the liposome is adjusted to 2–3.5. European Patent Application 274,219 (1988)
- Coacervates for delivery of physiologically active substances _ B. Ecanow[Medaphore, Inc.]Coacervates may be used alone or as liposome coatings fordrugs, artificial blood etc. Oral coacervate-coated erythromycin may be formed into tablets, capsules or syrups. European Patent Application 274,431 (1988)
- Antineoplastic agent-entrapping liposomes M. Kurono, H. Noda, T. Ogasawara, H. Yamakawa, T. lids and K. Yagi[Vitamin Kenkyusho K. K.]Steroidal sulphate liposomes having a net negative charge were used to encapsulate antineoplastic agents which have a positive charge at physiological pH. The liposomes showed good stability in saline and in human serum. European Patent Application 278,465 (1988)
- Microencapsulation of biologically active material with semipermeable membrane containing polyacids and polybases H. Bader, K. H. Keil, D. Rueppel, M. Schlingmann and A. Walch[Hoechst A.-G.]A methodis described for microencapsulating biologically active materials in a semipermeable membrane of biocompatible polyacids and polybases. Microencapsulated cells were cultured to prepare antibodies. European Patent Application 280,155 (1988)
- Pharmaceutical liposomes containing phospholipids and anionic surfactants N. Hamaguchi, K. Iga and Y. Ogawa[Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd]Liposomes consistof an active agent, a phospholipid membrane and an anionic surfactant. The blood level of this composition was 9.7 times higher 1 hour after i.v. administration than that of a control without surfactants. European Patent Application 280,492 (1988)
- Heat-developable diazo photorecording material K. Nakamura and Y. Kawashima[Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd]A heat-developable diazophotorecording material useful for bar-code labels and identification cards has at least the diazo compound in the photosensitive layer microencapsulated. European Patent Application 292,181 (1988)
- Multicolor thermal recording material with diazo compound H. Sakojiri and H. Takahashi[Seiko Instruments, Inc.]A colour heat-sensitive diazo imagingmaterial contains three different kinds of microcapsules melting at three different wavelengths of IR radiation which are recorded with three different IR laser beams. European Patent Application 296,289 (1988)
- Imaging material and an image-forming process with depolymerizable polyaldehyde P. D. Davis and J. G. O'Connor[Mead Corp.]An imaging material consists of a supportcarrying, on one surface, a layer of photosensitive microcapsules containing an image-forming agent and a photosensitive composition. European Patent Application 295,344 (1988)
- Biospeciflc multianalyte assay method with fluorescent-labeled microparticles E. Soini[Wallac Oy]In a biospecific multianalyte assay, microspheres labelled with afluorescent substance with a short decay time and coated with a biospecific reactant are contacted with a sample containing the analytes and biospecific reactants labeled with a fluorescent substance with a long decay time which initiates biospecific reactions. European Patent Application 296,136 (1988)
- Fragrance releasing crayons D. P. O'Brien[Minnesota Mining and Mfg Co.]Urea-formaldehyde resin microcapsulescontaining a fragrance were incorporated into crayons. European Patent Application 298,705 (1989)
- A method and apparatus for formation of images Y. Tsujimoto, K. Ohashi, Y. Fujiwara, H. Sasaki and S. Nagata[Sharp Corp.]The apparatuscontains a photosensitive sheet consisting of a light-permeable substrate coated with pressure-rupturable microcapsules of chromogenic materials, and photosensitive materials which are hardened on exposure to light. European Patent Application 298,781 (1989)
- A photosensitive sheet and formation of images using the same Y. Tsujimoto, K. Ohashi, Y. Fujiwara, H. Sasaki and S. Nagata[Sharp Corp.]Aphotosensitive sheet consists of a light-reflecting substrate carrying pressure-rupturable microcapsules containing chromogenic materials, and photosensitive materials that are hardened by exposure to light. European Patent Application 298,782 (1989)
- Sustained-release microcapsules containing insecticidal toxins and drugs T. J. Speaker, J. H. Collett, F. N. Chang, W. R. Harvey and T. J. Speaker[Temple University]Sustained-release microscapsules consist of a proteinaceous biologically active core encapsulated in a permeable anisotropic salt film. European Patent Application 299,205 (1989)
- Compositions of polyarylalkane oligomers comprising benzylcumene and alloylphenyl moieties and process for their preparation R. Commandeur and B. Gurtner[Atochem S.A.]Toluene was photochlorinated andoligomerized with cumene to obtain a mixture of oligomers which are useful as solvent for microscapsule preparation for carbonless transfers. European Patent Application 299,866 (1989)
- Compositions of polyarylalkane oligomers having zylene moieties and preparation thereof R. Commandeur and B. Gurtner[Atochem S.A.]A composition useful as solvent formicrocapsules for carbonless transfer contains oligomers of mixtures of the xylene moieties. European Patent Application 299,867 (1989)
- Microencapsulated platinum-group metals or their compounds for hydrosilation catalysts for storage-stable heat-curable 1-part organosiloxane compositions C. L. Lee and R. L. Willis Jr.[Dow Corning Corp.]Microcapsules of platinum hydrosilationcatalysts contain 1–2 layers of thermoplastic polymers impervious to the catalysts and of diameter 5000j2.
- Pharmaceutical laxative containing microencapsulated liquid paraffin and vegetable-based laxative agents C. Bourquin and J. R. Vendel[Somalead S.A.]Pharmaceutical laxatives contain liquidparaffin microencapsulated in gelatin and which has the form of a dry powder, ispaghula powder and excipients. European Patent Application 301,943 (1989)
- Self-contained pressure-sensitive carbonless recording sheet having antiscuff protective overcoating W. D. Swiercz, R. W. Brunea and G. E. Maalouf[Moore Business Forms Inc.]The sheet iscoated with a mixture of microencapsulated colour former and colour developer in a binder and overcoated with a water-based film-forming material. This prevents premature colour formation due to accidental rupture of the microcapsules. European Patent Application 304,206 (1989)
- Pressure-developable photoimaging process in the presence of heat R. Wright and P. C. Adair[Mead Corp.]A photosensitive material contains amicroencapsulated image-forming agent and a radiation curable composition. On exposure to heat and non-infrared actinic radiation, the material is hardened in the areas which have not been exposed. European Patent Application 306,317 (1989)
- Stabilization of diene rubbers by microencapsulated antidegradants D. A. Benko, L. R. Evans, J. G. Gillick, W. H. Waddell, B. A. Metz, B. F. Benton, G. E. Pickett and W. R. Krumm[Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co.]Diene rubbers are stabilized against ozoneand oxygen attack by antidegradants microencapsulated in chlorinated rubber or cellulose esters. European Patent Application 311,551 (1989)
FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY
- Preparation of amino acid acyloxyalkylamide polymers as biodegradable matrices for controlled-release drug preparations H. Bader, D. Rueppel and A. Walch[Hoechst A.-G.]The title compounds useful as depotpreparations for biodegradable controlled-release formulations were prepared and formed into microspheres containing drugs. German Offenlegungsschrift 3,700,128 (1988)
- Pharmaceutical liposomes containing in their membrane a virus receptor and an encapsulated active agent capable of destroying viral genetic information H. Boerner, J. Giese and P. Gerhardts[Medizinische Kommunikation G.m.b.H.]Antiviralagents consist of liposomes containing in their membranes at least one receptor or receptor-binding agent capable of recognizing and binding to a virus together with an agent capable of modifying viral genetic information. German Offenlegungsschrift 3,711,724 (1988)
- Heat-developable photosensitive material containing a silver halide, a reducing agent and a polymerizable compound S. Yamamoto[Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd]The title material contains microcapsules whichhave a spectral sensitivity in the wavelength region 600–950 nm. The thermal imaging can be performed by using a red or IR laser. German Offenlegungsschrift 3,739,212 (1988)
- Negative-type thermal recording material for projection slide production A. Shimomura, T. Usami and S. Hatakeyama[Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd]Heat-sensitiverecording materials of the negative type producing good contrast images for projection slides consist of a support carrying a heat-sensitive layer and a microencapsulated decolourizing agent. German Offenlegungsschrift 3,808,802 (1988)
- Method for multicolor image recording F. Shinozaki, M. Totsuka and T. Namiki[Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd]A method for formingtwo-colour images involves exposing a heat- and light-sensitive recording material to a positive image and developing, exposing a colour recording material to a positive imaging and developing, and then combining the two images. German Offenlegungsschrift 3,813,722 (1988)
- Photosensitive microcapsules containing a polymerizable compound and a silver halide, and a photosensitive material containing them therein. S. Ishikawa[Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd]Photosensitive microcapsules containing apolymerizable compound and silver halide grains that are surrounded by polyurea and/or polyurethane inner shell and an aminoaldehyde outer shell are contained in photosensitive materials for monochromatic or colour photography. German Offenlegungsschrift 3,814,250 (1988)
- Imaging method and material containing leuco dye T. Watanabe[Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd]A recording layer can be made of two or more kindsof photosensitive microcapsules, each containing silver halide, a reducing agent, a polymerizable compound and a leuco dye. It can be used to produce photosensitive, heat-sensitive or pressure-sensitive recording materials. German Offenlegungsschrift 3,818,368 (1988)
FRANCE
- Improved method for microencapsulation of microorganisms in polysaccharide matrices J. Fages and D. Mullard[Societe Chimique des Charbonnages]An improved method formicroencapsulating microorganisms ensures storage with minimal loss of viability for extended periods of time. French Demande 2,600,673 (1987)
- Preparation of dispersible colloidal systems of a material as a nanocapsule H. Fessi, J. P. Devissaguet and F. Puisieux[Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique]Amethod suitable for the preparation of nanocapsules of pharmaceuticals, lipids, salts, pigments etc. is described.
- Compositions comprising nitrogen-containing substances for cosmetic and pharmaceutical use M. Pauly[Laboratoires Serobiologiques S. A.]A liposome formulation for cosmetic orpharmaceutical base compositions contain at least one nitrogen-containing compound, e.g. an amino acid, a protein, an oligo- or polypeptide and their derivatives. French Demande 2,609,393 (1988)
JAPAN
- Preparation of unsaturated aliphatic acid derivatives or their esters as anticancer agents and liposomes encapsulating them K. Hirasawa, M. Murakami and Y. Sato[Meiji Milk Products Co., Ltd]The title liposomeswere prepared and tested. A 40% extension of life-span in mice transplanted with L-1210 leukaemia was observed. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 14,720 (1988)
- Microcapsule containing aminophenylindolylazaphthalide for recording sheet M. Sano and Y. Saeki[Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd]A recording sheet contains the titlemicrocapsules which are virtually colourless. This thermal recording sheet does not form a blue tint, and colour formation does not deteriorate by light irradiation. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 51,174 (1988).
- Tetraphenylporphyrin derivatives as materials for medical liposomes and their preparation H. Nishide, M. Yuasa, Y. Hashimoto, K. Ejima and H. TsuchidaThe title materials, useful asmaterials for medicinal liposomes, were prepared. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 79,887 (1988)
- Recording material based on color development reaction of electron-donating dye precursor containing an acid releaser M. Satomura, N. Kurihara and K. Nakamura[Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd]A light-sensitiverecording material which has improved shelf-life, good colour developability and provides a high-density image has, on a support, a microencapsulated photosensitive acid-releasing compound and an electron-donating colourless dye precursor. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 95,436 (1988)
- Carotenes in light-resistant microcapsules N. Odera, M. Takizawa and T. Kanamori[Lion Corp.]Carotenes are stabilized against lightby being microencapsulated in a membrane containing light-shielding or UV absorbing agents. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 97,668 (1988)
- Antistreptolysin 0 antibody determination by liposome lysis K. Yoshikawa, M. Umeda and T. Honda[Nissui Seiyaku Co., Ltd]Antistreptolysin 0antibody was determined by liposome lysis with marker-containing liposomes prepared from lecithin and cholesterol. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 117,265 (1988)
- Presensitized plates for lithography S. Hasegawa and S. Yamamoto[Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd]A presensitized plate is preparedby forming on a water-repellent support, a microencapsulated photosensitive layer and binders. Heat development of the plates is possible. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 118,160 (1988)
- Monoclonal antibody-sensitized liposomes for complement lysis immunoassays T. Tsuneyoshi and Y. Ishimori[Toshiba Corp.]Liposomes were prepared fromphosphotipids andfor glycolipids and cholesterol. Some were sensitized with a monoclonal antibody, and others with a separate monoclonal antibody to the same test substance followed by reaction with complement for liposome lysis immunoassay. Human a-fetoprotein was determined by this method. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 118,658 (1988)
- Manufacture of liposomes for pharmaceutical and biochemical studies without use of volatile organic solvents C. Usa[ Shimadzu Corp.]Liposomes with a diameter of about 1 g which were stable for a longtime at 4° or room temperature were prepared on a large scale. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 119,847 (1988)
- Microencapsulated photosensitive material S. lshikawa[Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd]Photosensitive microcapsules were prepared byencapsulating silver halide and a polymerizable material in a resin shell. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 121,837 (1988)
- Recording material based on color-developing reaction of electron-donating precursor comprising indolylphthalide/indolylazaphthalide combination M. Sano, M. Takashima and Y. Saeki[Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd]The recording sheetcontains a microencapsulated electron-donating uncoloured dye precursor. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 128,979 (1988)
- Photosensitive material for photopolymerization photographic system M. Yamada[Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd]The material contains a microencapsulatedphotosensitive layer in which is incorporated a scavenger for aldehydes. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 142,343 (1988)
- Photoimaging layer for transfer M. Miyagawa, M. Takenochi and N. Okuma[Canon K. K.]A microencapsulated recordingmedium useful in printers, copiers and facsimile showed improved storage stability of images, image quality and medium stability. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 144,343 (1988)
- Photosensitive recording medium and image fixing T. Sankochi, T. Yamamoto and A. Sakai[Brother Industries, Ltd]The recording mediumconsists of a support coated with microcapsules, a material which undergoes a colour change on reacting with the core substance if the microcapsules and a third component which hardens on exposure to radiation. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 147,155 (1988)
- Microcapsule toner for electrostatography T. Mikami[Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd]Microencapsulated toner particles consist of acolourant, a polymer and an organic solvent in the core and a resin shell. The toner shows good flowability, fixability and antioffset properties. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 157,167 (1988)
- Liposomes containing prostaglandin synthase, their preparation and immobilization E. Sada, S. Kato and M. Terajima[Chisso Corp.]Prostaglandin synthase was stabilized byentrapment in liposomes and optionally immobilized. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 157,980 (1988)
- Electrophotographic microcapsule toner, and imaging using the toner N. Hosoi[Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd]A microcapsule toner which contains chlorinatedparaffin in a resin shell has high fluidity and storage stability and provides good fixability and resistance to offsetting. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 163,373 (1988)
- Storage temperature control label and its manufacture E. Tanaka, H. Tsutsumi, H. Akahori, K. Hasegawa and M. Asano[Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals, Inc.]The title labels for displaying temperature variation and duration at different temperatures by different colours for use with refrigerated goods, contain microencapsulated colour developer and a compound melting at a specified temperature. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 165,478 (1988)
- Photosensitive recording medium with halation-preventing layer T. Sankochi and A. Sakai[Brother Industries, Ltd]The recording medium consists of asupport carrying a microencapsulated photosensitive substance and a layer of a substance which absorbs light to which the microcapsules are sensitive. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 169,638 (1988)
- Multicolor thermal recording material S. Washisu and T. Usami[Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd]A thermal recording material consistsof a microencapsulated heat-sensitive layer, a transparent support, an electrically conductive layer, an electro-colouration layer and a microencapsulated heat-sensitive layer. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 172,681 (1988)
- Photothermographic material M. Yamada[Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd]The material consists of a support carrying aphotosensitive layer containing a resin microencapsulated silver halide, a reducing agent and a polymerizable compound. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 173,041 (1988)
- Specific antigen determination by liposome lysis immunoassay M. Umeda, H. Kato and T. Honda[Nissui Seiyaku Co., Ltd]Labelled liposomes aresensitized with one of the two monoclonal antibodies recognizing an antigen, and the liposome is mixed with the other monoclonal antibody, complement and a sample containing the antigen to be tested. The amount of label released is a measure of the amount of antigen present. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 179,254 (1988)
- Presensitized lithographic plate S. Hasegawa[Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd]The plate is prepared by layering on a support, ahydrophilic layer, microcapsules containing silver halide, a reducing agent and a monomer and a hydrophilic binder layer. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 179,360 (1988)
- Capsule toners with good pressure fixation properties J. Machida, S. Gun and M. Yasuno[Minolta Camera Co., Ltd]The toner microcapsulesconsist of fixation resin dissolved or dispersed in a high-boiling solvent in the core and black polymer particles in the shell formed by interfacial and/or in situ polymerization. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 179,366 (1988)
- Encapsulated electrophotographic toners with good flowability and storability N. Hosoi[Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd]Toners with improved triboelectric stability contain acolouring component and binder in the core and a shell formed by polycondensation. There was no deterioration in image density after production of 30 000 copies. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 180,966 (1988)
- Multicolor electrothermal transfer recording H. Sakojiri and H. Takahashi[Seiko Instruments and Electronics, Ltd]The transferrecording utilizes a transfer recording sheet formed by coating an electrically conducting sheet with three different types of microcapsules containing leuco dyes colouring in cyan, magenta and yellow, respectively. A multicolour image is produced with a single recording. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 183,883 (1988)
- Water-thinned screen-printing inks containing microencapsulated dyes K. Hasegawa, H. Akahori, E. Tanaka, H. Tsutsumi and M. Asano[Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals, Inc.]A microcapsule-containing ink with good printing characteristics showed no ink foaming or microcapsule breakage during continuous printing and the prints on the labels showed good levelling, smoothness and storage stability. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 183,974 (1988)
- Liquid electrostatographic developer S. Kuramoto[Ricoh Co., Ltd]A developer useful for high-frequency fixing and which can beused in a high-speed electrophotographic copying machine with or without a heater, has toner particles containing microencapsulated water of diameter 1 p. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 184,766 (1988)
- Oil-containing soft microcapsules in face cleansers M. Endo and M. Sakamoto[Pola Chemical Industries, Inc.]A face cleanser which whenapplied to the face promotes blood circulation and removes dead skin tissues, contains resin soft microcapsules diameter 100–800 /2 of oils, waxes, vitamins etc. which are easily ruptured by finger pressure. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 185,914 (1988)
- Preparation of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol derivatives and other phospholipid derivatives as materials for pharmaceutical liposomes and biomembranes K. Fujita, K. Iwanami, S. Murakami, S. Tokuyama and 0. Nakachi[Nippon Oils and Fats Co., Ltd]Novel phospholipid derivatives for use in liposomes and biomembranes were prepared from diol derivatives. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 185,990 (1988)
- Waterless presensitized lithographic plates containing polymerizable photothermographic materials. S. Hasegawa and S. Yamamoto[Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd]The title plate is prepared bylaminating on a support a layer of microcapsules containing photosensitive materials and a silicone rubber layer. After imagewise exposure, the plate was heat developed and the unhardened microcapsules broken to release core materials to form images on the rubber. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 187,245 (1988)
- Heat- and pressure-sensitive multicolor printing material S. Washisu and S. Tatsuta[Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd]In the printing material described, twokinds of diazo compounds are incorporated into microcapsules with polymer shells having a low glass transition temperature, or two kinds of couplers in polymer microcapsules having a high glass transition temperature. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 189,283 (1988)
- Thermal-recording material T. Shimomura and T. Usami[Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd]The recording material consists of asubstrate carrying a recording layer of microencapsulated electron-donating colourless dye precursor and an electron-acceptor compound. The material provides a highly transparent image suitable for overhead projector and multicolour display. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 189,286 (1988)
- Light- and pressure-sensitive recording medium and reprography using same S. Higashiyama [Brother Industries, Ltd] The medium contains photosensitive microcapsules containing a component which changes the strength required to destroy the microcapsules on exposure to light. During reprography the weaker unexposed microcapsules are ruptured by pressure. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 191,143 (1988)
- Manufacture of lipid-microencapsulated rodenticides Y. Kuwana and R. Ota[Oyodo Kako K. K.]Powdered warfarin was mixed with rapeseed oiland microencapsulated with lipids which do not repel rodents. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 192,701 (1988)
- Pressure and heat-sensitive recording material for multicolor recording S. Washisu and S. Tatsuta[Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd]The material possesses on one side aheat-sensitive colouring layer containing either two diazo compounds and one coupler or one diazo compound and two couplers all polymer-microencapsulated, and on the other side of the support a pressure-sensitive colour-developing layer producing a colour different from the heat-sensitive layer. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 193,878 (1988)
- Thermal recording material based on dye precursor/electron acceptor reaction M. Satomura and A. Igarashi[Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd]Photopolymerizable colour formeror developer are added to the core materials comprising the colour former or photopolymerizable compounds are used for the wall material of microcapsules containing colour former. This produces an image with improved image discrimination, highly developed and with good resistivity to chemicals. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 193,882 (1988)
- Recording material based on indolylphthalide and indolylazaphthalide)electron acceptor reaction having improved light stability K. Matsuoka, M. Takashima, M. Satomura and K. lwakura[Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd]Thetitle recording material contains a microencapsulated colour former sheet of a pressure-sensitive recording paper with other additives to stabilize the image. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 203,373 (1988)
- Fragrant thermally transferred image-formation method T. Kodera, T. Toida, H. Obata and H. Amano[Dainippon Printing Co., Ltd]A microencapsulated fragrance is incorporated in1 of the transfer sheet, intermediate transfer medium and receptor sheet prior to image formation. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 209,879 (1988)
- Receptors for thermal-transfer printing A. Josa, T. Kawakami, T. Kagami and M. Yoshida[Toppan Printing Co., Ltd]Abrasion-resistant receptors for thermal-transfer printing which cause no dye migration contain thermally breakable microcapsules of isocyanates. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 212,588 (1988)
- Electrophotographic microcapsule toner containing polymer dye T. Mikami[Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd]A toner which consists of a polymer dye and an organicsolvent microencapsulated in a resin shell does not cause masking effect during multicolour overlapping. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 225,243 (1988)
- Rodent repellent-containing organic polymers for manufacturing insulators of elastic cables K. Kanemmitsuya, T. Futagami and H. Kato[Mitsubishi Cable Industries, Ltd]A rodent-repellent composition containing microencapsulated cycloheximide was made into pellets and used in the manufacture of electrical cable coverings. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 225,408 (1988)
- Mouse-repellent nonhalogen fire retardant-polyolefin rubber compositions K. Kanemitsuya, T. Futagami and H. Kato [Mitsubishi Cable Industries, Ltd]Compositions suitable for covering wires consist of polyolefin, nonhalogen-type fireretardant and microencapsulated cycloheximide. They showed excellent mouse repellency, tensile strength and elongation. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 225,640 (1988)
- Pressure-developable photimaging sheet of thermographic copying sheet T. Yamamoto and S. Suzuki[Brother Industries, Ltd]The title sheet consists of a supportcarrying microcapsules of a light- or heat-hardenable substance which shrinks and hardens on photopolymerization and a colouring substance. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 226,635 (1988)
- Low temperature-fixable microencapsulated electrostatographic toner A. Okuma and A. Toyoda[Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd]The titlemicroencapsulated toner contains a low melting epoxy resin, magnetite etc. in the core and a water-soluble crosslinking agent to cure the epoxy resin to form the shell. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 228,171 (1988)
- Manufacture of photoimaging medium by fastening color developer on support S. Higashiyama[Brother Industries, Ltd]Microencapsulated colour developer is placed on asupport and the microcapsules are broken by heat or pressure to fix the colour developer on to the support. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 231,436 (1988)
- Photoimaging process using microcapsules containing leuco dye and color developer S. Higashiyama[Brother Industries, Ltd]The process involves placing microencapsulatedcolour developer on a support and breaking the microcapsules, adding imagewise-exposed leuco dye-containing microcapsules whose mechanical strength changes on irradiation then breaking the weaker microcapsules allowing development and image production. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 231,447 (1988)
- Multicolor thermal printing material containing photodecomposable microcapsules.
- S. Washisu, A. Watanabe and T. Aoso[Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd]The title material consistsof a transparent support carrying on each side a colouring layer, each colour being encapsulated in different microcapsules, one of which is photodecomposable. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koko 63 231,982 (1988)
- Microcapsules for copying paper S. Irii, H. Fujii and T. Shiozaki[Kanzaki Paper Mfg Co., Ltd]A process useful in pressuresensitive copying paper production produces a dispersion of microcapsules with polycondensed aminoaldehyde capsule walls and the residual formaldehyde in the dispersion is removed. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 232,838 (1988)
- Microencapsulated and coated powder toner Y. Ida and K. Satsuta[Toyo Ink Mfg Co., Ltd]A toner useful for electrophotographicrecording and which is fixable under low pressure and is moisture-resistant contains a pressure-fixing core material microencapsulated by interface polymerization and coated with a resin. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 249,153 (1988)
- Electrophotographic encapsulated toner and size distribution thereof S. Kori, J. Machida and M. Yasuno[Minolta Camera Co., Ltd]In a microcapsule tonerconsisting of a shell and a core containing at least a liquid, the grain size distribution is specified. The toner gives excellent fixability regardless of surface smoothness of a transfer paper. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 249,856 (1988)
- Manufacture of enzymic reaction products by enzymes immobilized on microcapsules S. Okahata, Y. Koyama and K. Akashi[Ajinomoto Co., Inc.]Enzymes were immobilized onthe surface of microcapsules and then reacted with materials in a nonpolar solvent to produce enzymic reaction products. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 62 259,587 (1987)
- Premixed mortar W. Origasa, Y. Yoshida and K. Kawamoto[Nippon Sogo Maintenance Co., Ltd; Nichie Yoshida K. K.]Cement and aggregate are mixed with microcapsules containing a polymer dispersion or water. The composition only requires mixing to be ready for use. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 260,877 (1988)
- Color photoimaging process by microcapsule crushing S. Sato[Sony Corp.]The imaging process employs a support carrying a layer ofmicrocapsules containing light-hardening materials sensitive to different wavelengths of light and corresponding to dye precursors forming the photosensitive sheet, and a developer sheet having a layer of colour developers for the dye precursors. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 262,646 (1988)
- Microcapsule ink compositions K. Shinko, S. Shioi and A. Miyake[Kanzaki Paper Mfg Co., Ltd]Microcapsules with melamine-formaldehyde resin walls have diameter lCopying paper containing thesemicrocapsules has a high colour density. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 268,777 (1988)
- Manufacture of adhesive tapes using microencapsulated crosslinking accelerators A. Dobashi, T. Ota and T. Uehara[Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd]Heat- and oil-resistant tapeswith smooth adhesive surfaces were prepared. The adhesives can be cured rapidly at low temperatures but show long pot life as the crosslinking accelerators remain encapsulated until spread on material and pressed to rupture the microcapsules. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 268,783 (1988)
- Flexographic printing with microcapsules K. Shinko, S. Shioi and A. Miyake[Kanzaki Paper Mfg Co., Ltd]The printing processinvolves first printing with a non-aqueous printing ink containing microcapsules with a resin wall and a second printing with a microcapsule containing non-aqueous printing ink. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 272,580 (1988)
- Manufacture of inks for forming raised characters T. Komatsu and R. Takahashi[Plas Corp; Meiwa Gravure Chemical Co., Ltd]Inkscontaining foamed microcapsules coated with a binder-containing liquid can be applied by pens or squeeze-tubes on to leaves, plastic films, paper or textiles to give water or weather-resistant raised characters. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 273,673 (1988)
- Preparation of, and bonding with microcapsule adhesives T. Takayanagi and H. Kawaguchi[Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd]Adhesives prepared bymicroencapsulating liquid adhesives and powdered solid spacers are useful for bonding transparent glass, plastics, etc. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 275,688 (1988)
- Microcapsule toner with improved fixability for color electrophotography J. Machida and S. Kori[Minolta Camera Co., Ltd]The toner microcapsules consist of apolymer for image-fixing in a high-boiling solvent in the core together with a colourant, and a shell prepared by interfacial polymerization and/or in situ polymerization. The toner gave high quality images with improved pressure-fixability. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 62 283,346 (1987)
- Desensitizing ink for printing on pressure-sensitive copying paper M. Asano, K. Hasegawa and M. Aoki[Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals, Inc.]A microencapsulatedcolour former sheet and a colour developer sheet were printed with the desensitizing ink by wet-offset method. Printed parts of these sheets produced no colour by normal copying process, with clearly defined boundaries. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 283,983 (1988)
- Pressure-sensitive copying paper S. Koyama and Y. Ishii[Kanzaki Paper Mfg Co., Ltd]A paper is coated with organic colourdevelopers and other compounds. When the coated side was placed in contact with the microencapsulated Crystal Violet lactone-coated side of another paper and typed it immediately produced images with high colour density. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 286,394 (1988)
- Preparation of microcapsules for carbonless copying paper M. Ishiguro and Y. Murakami[Mitsubishi Paper Mills, Ltd]Microcapsules for carbonlesscopying paper were prepared with polymer cores and copolymer condensates as walls. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 287,542 (1988).
- Thermal printing sheet with support containing microspheres H. Inoue, K. Kawasaki and T. Tsunoda[Ricoh Co., Ltd]The printing sheet consists of asupport carrying a layer containing a leuco dye and a colour developer on one side, and a layer of copolymer microspheres containing isobutane on the other. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 299,972 (1988)
- Thermal printing sheet having surfactant-containing layer H. Inoue, K. Kawasaki and T. Tsunoda[Ricoh Co., Ltd]A printing sheet is prepared bylaminating on a substrate, a microsphere-containing layer, slayer of film-forming polymer, a thermal colouring layer containing a leuco dye and a colour developer and a surfactant-containing layer. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 299,974 (1988)
- Thermal printing sheet having microsphere-containing layer H. Aihara, H. Sakai, Y. Motosugi and H. Yaguchi[Ricoh Co., Ltd]Copolymer microspherescontaining isobutane may be incorporated in the microsphere layer between a support and a thermal colouring layer constituting a thermal printing sheet. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 299,975 (1988)
- Microencapsulated reversible photochrornic composition F. Kawamura and T. Azuma[Tomoegawa Paper Co., Ltd]A microencapsulated reversiblephotochromic composition suitable for use in various graphic and recording materials was prepared. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 305,189 (1988)
- Coating compositions for pressure-sensitive recording paper M. Nakamishi[Asahi Chemical Industry Co., Ltd]Compositions providing coatings withexcellent adhesion, colouring properties and stain resistance contain microencapsulated colourant and binders. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 309,491 (1988)
- Pressure-sensitive copying paper S. Koyama and Y. Ishii[Kanzaki Paper Mfg Co., Ltd]Copying paper provides instantaneouscolour production when pressure is applied to the sheet covered with a colour former sheet containing microencapsulated Crystal Violet lactone. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 63 312,184 (1988)
- Porous hollow particles and method for their production M. Kawada, M. Sawaguchi, Y. Aoki and T. Kawasaki[Nitto Denko Corp.]Porous hollowparticles with diameter 2–30 it suitable for use as microcapsules were prepared from a cross-linked polymer. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 64 00,134 (1989)
- Urea-formaldehyde copolymer for manufacturing microcapsules Y. Isobe[Toa Gosei Chemical Industry Co. Ltd]Microcapsules useful for carryinghydrophobic microparticles are prepared by mixing the microparticles with aqueous urea formaldehyde copolymer solution. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 01 04,242 (1989)
- Electrophotograpbic toner N. Hosoi[Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd]Inorganic particles of metal oxides, carbonates andsilicates were bonded on the surface of toner microcapsules with linear polymers with charge-controlling function to produce toners with high fluidity, giving clear copies with a clean background. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 01 09,467 (1989)
- Thermal-transfer recording materials T. Tanaka[Toyo Ink Mfg Co., Ltd]The recording materials consist of a polyester filmsupport gravure-printed by using a heat-fusible ink coated with a microencapsulated liquid crystal composition. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 01 11,889 (1989)
- Manufacture of fabrics with specialty surface I. Sannomiya, T. Kobayashi and J. Kinugasa[Kanebo, Ltd]A fabric was screen printed witha composition containing blowing agent-containing polymer microcapsules, dried and heated to give a fabric with a specialty surface. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 01 40,685 (1989)
- Waterless presensitized lithographic plates, and platernaking method S. Hasegawa[Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd]The plates consist of a support carrying aphotosensitive layer containing a microencapsulated photopolymerizing composition. Printing plates are made by image-wise exposure, heating and/or pressing and developing. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 01 44,942 (1989)
- Manufacturing of pressure-sensitive copying paper K. Shinko, S. Shioi and A. Miyake[Kanzaki Paper Mfg Co., Ltd]A method of producingpaper with a good colouring property involves printing a layer of microcapsules containing a chromogen on a coated layer of microcapsules without a chromogen. Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 01 51,975 (1989)
PCT
- Liver-targeted pharmaceutical liposomes containing iminoacetic acid-chromium-hepatobiliary targeting agent coordination compounds W. B. Geho and J. R. LauPharmaceuticals consist of a diagnostic agent, a liposome with a fattysubstituent attached to its wall, and a target-seeking substituent which has a high affinity for hepatobiliary receptors. PCT International Application 88 00,474 (1988)
- Liposomes with enhanced retention on mucosal tissue L. S. S. Guo, C. T. 1Redemann and R. Radhakrishnan [Liposome Technology, Inc.]Liposomes designed for enhanced binding to mucosal tissues contain 20-60% of amine-derivatized lipid molecules and have a close packed lipid structure. PCT International Application 88 00,824 (1988)
- Liposome composition for treating dry eye L. S. S. Guo[Liposome Technology, Inc.]Storage-stable liposome compositions fortreatment of dry eye showed improved retention on rabbit eyes and were non-irritating. PCT International Application 88 03,018 (1988)
- Aminoglycoside phosphates and method of preparation of Liposomes containing aminoglycoside salts M. B. Bally, L. E. Bolcsak, P. R. Cullis, A. S. Janoff, L. D. Mayer, R. P. Lenk and J. A.
- Jedrusiak[Liposome Co., Ltd]Aminoglycoside salts, especially the phosphate, wereencapsulated in phosphatidylcholine liposomes for treatment of disease, notably gram-negative pneumonia. PCT International Application 88 04,573 (1988)
- Pharmaceutical liposomes containing phospholipids and lysophospholipids for the inhibition of phospholipase A2-membrane cleavage W. J. Baumann[University of Minnesota]The phospholipase A2-type cleavage of a liposomemembrane is inhibited by forming liposome bilayers containing 67.5-85% of phospholipid. PCT International Application 88 06,439 (1988)
- Liposome-encapsulated nystatin for the treatment of disseminated fungal infections G. Lopez-Berenstein, R. Mehta, R. L. Hofper and R. L. Juliano[University of Texas System]Liposomal pharmaceuticals for the treatment of disseminated fungal infections contain nystatin and lipids. Their efficacy was tested on mice infected with Candida albicans. PCT International Application 88 06,440 (1988)
- Dehydrated liposome compositions H. 0. Hauser[Vestar, Inc.]Phospholipid vesicles in a dispersion medium were dehydrated inthe presence of a preservative, the dispersion medium was then removed by flash evaporation, whereby the integrity, size and size distribution of the vesicles was maintained. PCT International Application 88 06,441 (1988)
- Pharmaceutical liposomes containing antineoplastic agents and buffers L. Mayer, M. B. Bally, P. R. Cullis, R. S. Ginsberg and G. N. Mitilenes[Liposome Co., Inc.]The preparation of liposome-encapsulated antineoplastic agents using a transmembrane ion gradient is described. PCT International Application 88 06,442 (1988)
- Drug-lipid complexes and a method for their preparation in aqueous solvents A. S. Janoff, L. Boni, T. Madden, P. R. Cullis, R. P. Lenk, J. J. Kearns and A. G.
- Durning[Liposome Co., Ltd]Pharmaceuticals were prepared containing liposomes with ahigh drug: lipid ratio. PCT International Application 88 06,443 (1988)
- Liquid sustained-release pharmaceuticals containing saturated solutions of active agents and suspensions of microencapsulated active agents J. CarvaisA device for dispensing pharmaceuticals consists of a graduated container and a liquidoral sustained-release formulation containing a microencapsulated active agent. PCT International Application 87 07,833 (1987)
- Liposome entrapped magnesium for injections A. I. Faden[Innovative Therapeutics Corp.]A dosage unit for injection into patients withtraumatic injury contains magnesium chloride entrapped in positively-charged unilamellar liposomes in a pharmaceutically acceptable solution. PCT International Application 88 07,852 (1988)
- Hydrophobic polymer-coated hydrophilic drug microspheres as delayed-release pharmaceuticals U. Schroeder and C. Lager[Carbomatrix AB]A delayed-release composition which may beused in human and veterinary medicine and in agricultural areas consists of hydrophilic biologically active substance-containing microspheres coated with a hydrophobic polymer. PCT International Application 88 07,870 (1988)
- Liposome/doxorubicin composition as neoplasm inhibitor A. H. L. Huang and S. Krishnan[Liposome Technology, Inc.]A doxorubicin/liposomecomposition which can be reconstituted from a lyophilized form to an injectable liposome suspension shows little tendency to aggregate on storage and contains 85-95% liposome-entrapped doxorubicin. PCT International Application 88 09,168 (1988)
SOUTH AFRICA
- Sustained-release microbeads for pesticide deposition J. Hoy[AECI Ltd]The preparation of microbeads containing an active ingredient e. g.deltamethrin and a polymer is described. When a suspension of microbeads was applied to an article and the water evaporated, the deltamethrin was released from the microbeads at a constant rate. S. African Patent 87 05,277 (1988)
SWITZERLAND
- Phase-separation microencapsulation of water-soluble drugs P. Orsolini, R. Y. Mauvernay and R. Deghenghi[Debiopharrn S.A.]The process for thepreparation of microcapsules was carried out by the standard technique at 0-25°C for the hardening stage. Swiss Patentschrift 665,558 (1988)
UK
- Pressure-sensitive copying material with improved lightfastness K. Saeki, K. Matsuoka, M. Takashima, K. Iwakura and S. Sano[Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd]Apressure-sensitive copying material consists of a support coated with microcapsules of a colourless colour former together with an organic nickel compound. The material has improved light-fastness during storage and provides coloured images of excellent light-fastness. UK Patent Application 2,201,698 (1988)
- Photosensitive recording system J. Sakai, S. Higashiyama, K. Suzuki and M. Ohta[Brother Industries, Ltd]A photosensitiverecording system consists of a device for image-wise exposing a microencapsulated pressure-sensitive photosensitive material, through a rotatable colour filter so as to form latent images thereon. UK Patent Application 2,201,803 (1988)
- Heat-developable photosensitive diazo recording sheet for bar-code adhesive labels K. Nakamura and Y. Kawashima[Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd]A heat-developablephotosensitive recording sheet contains, on a polymer support, a heat-developable photosensitive layer containing a microencapsulated diazo compound, a coupler, a tacky layer and a release paper. The material producing damage-resistant bar-code labels was imagewise exposed to light and developed by heat. UK Patent Application 2,203,852 (1988)
- Photoimaging process for forming color image on cloth or paper substrate K. Suzuki, J. Sakai, S. Higashiyama, K. Suzuki and M. Imaeda[Brother Industries, Ltd]Insphotoimaging process which enables the colour image to be formed on any substrate, e.g. cloth or plain paper, the photoimaging sheet contains microencapsulated dye precursor and a photocurable resin. UK Patent Application 2,204,142 (1988)
- Microencapsulation of liquid or solid materials using gelatin and polysaccharide G. R. Chilvers, A. P. Gunning and V. J. Morris[National Research Development Corp.]Microcapsules of a polymeric material from gelatin and a polysaccharide were prepared by complex coacervation. They can be used to encapsulate orally ingestable drugs or materials used in food manufacture. UK Patent Application 2,204,553 (1988)
- Light-sensitive photopolymerizable material with paper support having specific void volume S. Tamagawa and M. Kuroishi[Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd]The material having a volume ofvoids 40% consists of a wood pulp paper support coated with a microencapsulated light-sensitive layer or microencapsulated photopolymerizable material. The use of this paper support gives improved transfer quality. UK Patent 2,205,967 (1988)
- Polyurea-microencapsulated organophosphorus insecticidal composition for agricultural use T. Ohtsubo, S. Tsuda, Y. Manabe, K. Kasamatsu, H. Takeda and K. Tsuji[Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd]Organophosphorus insecticides encapsulated into polyurea microcapsules of diameter 80t, controlled tobacco cutworm on cabbage for at least two days. UK Patent Application 2,206,492 (1989)
USA
- N. M. Wassef and C. R. Alving [United States Dept of the Army] A pharmaceuticalcomposition consists of phospholipid-cholesterol liposomes opsonized with Con A, which are more strongly ingested by peritoneal macrophages than nonopsonized liposomes. US Patent Application 84,783 (1988)
- Chewable sustained-release tablets comprising gastric-resistant microencapsulated active agents in a sweet palatable matrix A. Rotman[Bio-Dar Ltd]Sustained-release pharmaceuticals consist of a microencapsulatedactive agent embedded in a palatable chewable matrix. Larger microca;sules have a longer gastric residence time but their taste was not successfully masked. US Patent 4,749,575 (1988)
- Liposome-encapsulated 5-fluoropyrimidines and methods for their use T. D. Heath, W. H. Stern and D. Papahadjopoulos[University of California]Liposomesprepared by reverse-phase-evaporation and extrusion had a diameter 01 µ and contained dipalmitoylphosphtidyl and cholesterol in 67: 33 ratio. US Patent 4,755,388 (1988)
- Pharmaceutical administration systems containing 1'-interferon and muramylpeptides for immune system activation against tumor cells I. J. Fidler[University of Texas]Pharmaceutical liposomes containing y-interferons,phosphatidylserines and phosphatidylcholines stimulate the immune system and activate macrophages or monocytes against metastatic tumour cells. US Patent 4,774,085 (1988)
- Transfer photoimaging composition for forming invisible image P. C. Adair[Mead Corp.]A transfer photoimaging composition, useful in the production ofbadges, cheques, credit cards, etc. produces an image invisible in visible light but can be read under UV or IR radiation. It consists of rupturable microcapsules containing a photocurable composition, a UV-sensitive fluorescent material and an IR-readable dye. US Patent 4,777,108 (1988)
- Polyurea and polyurea-epoxy microcapsules H. Y. Chao[Moore Business Forms, Inc.]Microcapsules, useful for carbonless copyingpaper, consist of a colourless dye in an oil-containing core material and a polymer shell. US Patent 4,785,048 (1988)
- Thermal recording material containing photosensitive microcapsules R. F. Wright[Mead Corp.]A thermal recording material consists of a support carryingphotosensitive microcapsules containing an image-forming material and a composition which is hardened by both heat and light but not by either heat or light alone. US Patent 4,788,124 (1988)
- Hydrogel-coated pharmaceutical microcapsules containing reversible hydrogels and viable cells M. Hummel, S. A. Mein-Fang and M. F. A. Goosen[Connaught Laboratories Ltd]Acomposition of smooth, spherical, uniform microcapsules suitable for cardiovascular injection contains healthy active-cells in the core and a semipermeable membrane as the microcapsule wall. US Patent 4,789,550 (1988)
- Vitronectin-specific cell receptor derived from mammalian mesenchymal tissue and liposomes containing it M. D. Pierschbacher[La Jolla Cancer Research Foundation]Cell surface receptors specificfor various adhesion proteins were incorporated into liposomes for delivery to tissues containing the specific adhesion protein. US Patent 4,789,734 (1988)
- Production of sustained release composition from Lewis acid and base salts T. J. Speaker, T. J. Speaker and J. H. Collett[Temple University]Microcapsules wereformed from an emulsion containing sodium CM-cellulose, benzalkonium chloride and acetanilide by stirring, sedimentation, phase separation and solvent evaporation. US Patent 4,797,234 (1989)
- Pharmaceutical liposomes containing doxorubicin and ferrioxamine and a-tocopherol as stabilizers Y. Barenholz and A. Gabizon[Yissum Research Development Co.; Hadassah Medical Organization]Liposomes were prepared containing doxorubicin and ferrioxamine. A patient with hepatoma responded to intra-arterially administered liposome-entrapped doxorubicin. US Patent 4,797,285 (1989)
- Methods for isolating mutant microorganisms using microcapsules coated with indicator material D. Perlman[Brandeis University]A method for isolating a mutant microbe involvesmicroencapsulating individual microbes in a population containing mutants and coating them with a substance which reacts to the presence of the mutants. These can then be separated. US Patent 4,801,529 (1989)
- Method for reducing short time-scale reciprocity failure effects of a microencapsulated acrylate system T. R. Geis[Mead Corp.]A portion of the microcapsules of the imaging sheet is imagewiseexposed to high intensity radiation then allowed to recover. The process is repeated to form a latent image. Using this method of pulsing the light on to the imaging sheet considerably reduces the total exposure energy required. US Patent 4,804,611 (1989)
- Suspension polymerization in an organic medium for preparation of pressure-sensitive adhesive microspheres P. Mallya and Y. Ozari[Avery International Corp.]Suspensions of pressure-sensitiveadhesive microspheres of diameter 200 µ are especially useful for the manufacture of removable and repositionable note papers and labels as they are produced without curling of paper. US Patent 4,810,763 (1989)
- Enhanced oil recovery G. N. Harnoy, S. Gatt and Y. BarenholtzA method for recovering petroleum from anunderground source involves injecting into the source a displacement agent and liposomes such as phosphatidylcholines. These lower the interfacial tension between fluid and petroleum. US Patent 4.811,791 (1989)
- Production of loaded vesicles from preformed empty vesicles U. Piran[Becton Dickinson and Co. ]Empty liposomes were prepared and then temporarilydisrupted to allow material to be encapsulated and introduced therein. The di-loaded liposomes were used with anti-digoxin antiserum in an immunoassay for serum digoxin. US Patent 4,814,270 (1989)
- Oxidation of bilirubin in the presence of hemoglobin as catalyst and oxidizing agents T. M. S. Chang and J. N. Daka[Royal Institution for the Advancement of Learning]Aprocess for the oxidation of bilirubin consists of the treatment of bilirubin in the presence of an oxidizing agent and free or microencapsulated haemoglobin. US Patent 4,820,416 (1989)