Treatment of leg veins with indocyanine green and lasers investigated with mathematical modelling

References

• Anderson RR, Parrish JA. Selective photothermolysis: Precise microsurgery by selective absorption of pulsed radiation. Science. 1983; 220: 524–527
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson RR, Parrish JA. Microvasculature can be selectively damaged using dye lasers: A basic theory and experimental evidence in human skin. Lasers Surg Med 1981; 1: 263–276
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Welch AJ, van Gemert MJC. Optical-Thermal Response of Laser-Irradiated Tissue. Plenum Press, New York 1995
   Google Scholar
• van Gemert MJ, Welch AJ, Pickering JW, Tan OT, Gijsbers GH. Wavelengths for laser treatment of port wine stains and telangiectasia. Lasers Surg Med 1995; 16: 147–155
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Gemert MJ, Welch AJ, Pickering JW, Tan OT. Laser treatment of port wine stains. Optical-Thermal Response of Laser-irradiated Tissue, AJ Welch, MJ van Gemert. Plenum Press, New York 1995; 789–829
   Google Scholar
• Landthaler M, Hohenleutner U. Laser treatment of congenital vascular malformations. Int Angiol 1990; 9: 208–213
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shafirstein G, Baumler W, Lapidoth M, Ferguson S, North PE, Waner M. A new mathematical approach to the diffusion approximation theory for selective photothermolysis modeling and its implication in laser treatment of port-wine stains. Lasers Surg Med 2004; 34: 335–347
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aguilar G, Diaz SH, Lavernia EJ, Nelson JS. Cryogen spray cooling efficiency: Improvement of port wine stain laser therapy through multiple-intermittent cryogen spurts and laser pulses. Lasers Surg Med 2002; 31: 27–35
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dierickx CC, Casparian JM, Venugopalan V, Farinelli WA, Anderson RR. Thermal relaxation of port-wine stain vessels probed in vivo: The need for 1–10-millisecond laser pulse treatment. J Investig Dermatol 1995; 105: 709–714
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Welch AJ, Gardner CM. Monte Carlo model for determination of the role of heat generation in laser-irradiated tissue. J Biomech Eng 1997; 119: 489–495
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pfefer TJ, Barton JK, Smithies DJ, Milner TE, Nelson JS, van Gemert MJ, Welch AJ. Modeling laser treatment of port wine stains with a computer-reconstructed biopsy. Lasers in Surgery & Medicine 1999;24:151–166.
   Google Scholar
• Pfefer TJ, Smithies DJ, Milner TE, van Gemert MJ, Nelson JS, Welch AJ. Bioheat transfer analysis of cryogen spray cooling during laser treatment of port wine stains. Lasers Surg Med 2000; 26: 145–157, Erratum Lasers Surg Med 2000;26:495
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gabay S, Lucassen GW, Verkruysse W, van Gemert MJ. Modelling the assessment of port wine stain parameters from skin surface temperature following a diagnostic laser pulse. Lasers Surg Med 1997; 20: 179–187
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Gemert MJ, Smithies DJ, Verkruysse W, Milner TE, Nelson JS. Wavelengths for port wine stain laser treatment: Influence of vessel radius and skin anatomy. Phys Med Biol 1997; 42: 41–50
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lucassen GW, Verkruysse W, Keijzer M, van Gemert MJ. Light distributions in a port wine stain model containing multiple cylindrical and curved blood vessels. Lasers Surg Med 1996; 18: 345–357
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang R, Verkruysse W, Aguilar G, Nelson JS. Comparison of diffusion approximation and Monte Carlo based finite element models for simulating thermal responses to laser irradiation in discrete vessels. Phys Med Biol 2005; 50: 4075–4086
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shafirstein G, Buckmiller LM, Waner M, Baumler W. Mathematical modeling of selective photothermolysis to aid the treatment of vascular malformations and hemangioma with pulsed dye laser. Lasers Med Sci 2007; 22: 111–118
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baumler W, Vogl A, Landthaler M, Waner M, Shafirstein G. Port wine stain laser therapy and the computer-assisted modeling of vessel coagulation using the finite elements method. Med Laser Appl 2005; 20: 247–254
   Google Scholar
• Babilas P, Shafirstein G, Baumler W, Baier J, Landthaler M, Szeimies RM, Abels C. Selective photothermolysis of blood vessels following flashlamp-pumped pulsed dye laser irradiation: in vivo results and mathematical modelling are in agreement. J Invest Dermatol 2005;125:343–352.
   Google Scholar
• Babilas P, Shafirstein G, Baier J, Schacht V, Szeimies RM, Landthaler M, Baumler W, Abels C. Photothermolysis of blood vessels using indocyanine green and pulsed diode laser irradiation in the dorsal skinfold chamber model. Lasers Surg Med 2007;39:341–352.
   Google Scholar
• Baumler W, Ulrich H, Hartl A, Landthaler M, Shafirstein G. Optimal parameters for the treatment of leg veins using Nd:YAG lasers at 1064 nm. Br J Dermatol 2006; 155: 364–371
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franco W, Childers M, Stuart Nelson J, Aguilar G. Laser surgery of port wine stains using local vaccum pressure: Changes in calculated energy deposition (Part II). Lasers Surg Med 2007; 39: 118–127
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baumler W, Vural E, Landthaler M, Muzzi F, Shafirstein G. The effects of intense pulsed light (IPL) on blood vessels investigated by mathematical modeling. Lasers Surg Med 2007; 39: 132–139
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Black JF, Barton JK. Chemical and structural changes in blood undergoing laser photocoagulation. Photochem Photobiol 2004; 80: 89–97
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Engel A, Johnson ML, Haynes SG. Health effects of sunlight exposure in the United States. Results from the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1971–1974. Arch Dermatol 1988; 124: 72–79
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Loo WJ, Lanigan SW. Recent advances in laser therapy for the treatment of cutaneous vascular disorders. Lasers Med Sci 2002; 17: 9–12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kauvar AN, Lou WW. Pulsed alexandrite laser for the treatment of leg telangiectasia and reticular veins. Arch Dermatol 2000; 136: 1371–1375
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Eremia S, Li CY. Treatment of face veins with a cryogen spray variable pulse width 1064 nm Nd:YAG Laser: A prospective study of 17 patients. Dermatol Surg 2002; 28: 244–247
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levy JL, Elbahr C, Jouve E, Mordon S. Comparison and sequential study of long pulsed Nd:YAG 1064 nm laser and sclerotherapy in leg telangiectasias treatment. Lasers Surg Med 2004; 34: 273–276
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Omura NE, Dover JS, Arndt KA, Kauvar AN. Treatment of reticular leg veins with a 1064 nm long-pulsed Nd:YAG laser. J Am Acad Dermatol 2003; 48: 76–81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogachefsky AS, Silapunt S, Goldberg DJ. Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm) irradiation for lower extremity telangiectases and small reticular veins: Efficacy as measured by vessel color and size. Dermatol Surg 2002; 28: 220–223
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sadick NS. Long-term results with a multiple synchronized-pulse 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser for the treatment of leg venulectasias and reticular veins. Dermatol Surg 2001; 27: 365–369
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trelles MA, Allones I, Martin-Vazquez MJ, Trelles O, Velez M, Mordon S. Long pulse Nd:YAG laser for treatment of leg veins in 40 patients with assessments at 6 and 12 months. Lasers Surg Med 2004; 35: 68–76
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kunishige JH, Goldberg LH, Friedman PM. Laser therapy for leg veins. Clin Dermatol 2007; 25: 454–461
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kauvar AN, Khrom T. Laser treatment of leg veins. Semin Cutan Med Surg 2005; 24: 184–192
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holzer W, Mauerer M, Penzkofer A, Szeimies RM, Abels C, Landthaler M, Baumler W. Photostability and thermal stability of indocyanine green. J Photochem Photobiol B 1998;47:155–164.
   Google Scholar
• Fox I, Brooker L, Heseltine D, Essex H, Wood E. New dyes for continuous recording of dilution curves in whole blood independent of variations in blood oxygen saturation. Am J Physiol 1956; 187: 599–606
   Google Scholar
• Muckle TJ. Plasma proteins binding of indocyanine green. Biochem Med 1976; 15: 17–21
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Paumgartner G. The handling of indocyanine green by the liver. Schweiz Med Wochenschr 1975; 105: S1–30
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lund-Johansen P. The dye dilution method for measurement of cardiac output. Eur Heart J 1990; 11: S6–12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haller M, Akbulut C, Brechtelsbauer H, Fett W, Briegel J, Finsterer U, Peter K. Determination of plasma volume with indocyanine green in man. Life Sci 1993;53:1597–1560.
   Google Scholar
• Hetz H, Faybik P, Berlakovich G, Baker A, Bacher A, Burghuber C, Sandner SE, Steltzer H, Krenn CG. Molecular adsorbent recirculating system in patients with early allograft dysfunction after liver transplantation: a pilot study. Liver Transpl 2006;12:1357–1364.
   Google Scholar
• Hope-Ross M, Yannuzzi LA, Gragoudas ES, Guyer DR, Slakter JS, Sorenson JA, et al. Adverse reactions due to indocyanine green. Ophthalmology 1994;101:529–533.
   Google Scholar
• Leevy CM, Smith F, Longueville J, Paumgartner G, Howard MM. Indocyanine green clearance as a test for hepatic function. Evaluation by dichromatic ear densitometry. JAMA 1967; 200: 236–240
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Landsman ML, Kwant G, Mook GA, Zijlstra WG. Light-absorbing properties, stability, and spectral stabilization of indocyanine green. J Appl Physiol 1976; 40: 575–583
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Philip R, Penzkofer A, Bäumler W, Szeimies R, Abels C. Absorption and fluorescence spectroscopic investigation of indocyanine green. J Photochem Photobiol A: Chem 1996; 96: 137–148
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madsen SJ, Wilson BC, Patterson MS, Prak YD, Jacques SL, Hefetz Y. Experimental tests of a simple diffusion model for the estimation of scattering and absorption coefficients of turbid media from time-resolved diffuse reflectance measurements. Appl Optics 1992; 31: 3509–3517
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patterson MS, Chance B, Wilson BC. Time resolved reflectance and transmittance for the non-invasive measurement of tissue optical properties. Appl Optics 1989; 28: 2331–2336
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roggan A, Dörschel K, Minet O, Wolff D, Müller G. The optical properties of biological tissue in the near infrared wavelength range – Review and measurements. Laser Induced Interstitial Thermotherapy, A Roggan, G Müller. SPIE, Bellingham, WA 1995; 10–44
   Google Scholar
• van Gemert MJC, Welch AJ, Pickering JW, Tan OT. Laser treatment of port wine stains. Optical-Thermal Response of Laser-Irradiated Tissue, AJ Welch, MJC van Gemert. Plenum Press, New York 1995; 789–829
   Google Scholar
• Eremia S, Li C, Umar SH. A side-by-side comparative study of 1064 nm Nd:YAG, 810 nm diode and 755 nm alexandrite lasers for treatment of 0.3–3 mm leg veins. Dermatol Surg 2002; 28: 224–230
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trelles MA, Allones I, Alvarez J, Velez M, Martin-Vazquez M, Trelles OR, Luna R, Buil C, Mordon SR. The 800-nm diode laser in the treatment of leg veins: assessment at 6 months. J Am Acad Dermatol 2006;54:282–289.
   Google Scholar
• Guyton AC. Anatomy and Physiology. Saunders College, Philadelphia 1985
   Google Scholar
• Wissler EH. A Quantitative Assessment of Skin Blood Flow in Humans. Eur J Appl Physiol 2008; 104: 145–157
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charkoudian N. Skin blood flow in adult human thermoregulation: How it works, when it does not, and why. Mayo Clin Proc 2003; 78: 603–612
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hohenleutner U, Hilbert M, Wlotzke U, Landthaler M. Epidermal damage and limited coagulation depth with the flashlamp-pumped pulsed dye laser: A histochemical study. J Invest Dermatol 1995; 104: 798–802
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kimel S, Choi B, Svaasand LO, Lotfi J, Viator JA, Nelson JS. Influence of laser wavelength and pulse duration on gas bubble formation in blood filled glass capillaries. Lasers Surg Med 2005; 36: 281–288
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wollina U, Konrad H, Schmidt WD, Haroske G, Astafeva LG, Fassler D. Response of spider leg veins to pulsed diode laser (810 nm): A clinical, histological and remission spectroscopy study. J Cosmet Laser Ther 2003; 5: 154–162
   PubMedGoogle Scholar