References
- Ridley CM, Frankman O, Jones IS, Pincus SH, Wilkinson EJ, Fox H, et al. New nomenclature for vulvar disease: International Society for the Study of Vulvar Disease. Hum Pathol 1989;20:495–6
- Wang ZB. High-intensity focused ultrasound in obstetrics and gynecology. Chinese J Gynaecol Obstet 2003;38:510–12
- Li C, Bian D, Chen W, Zhao C, Yin N, Wang Z. Focused ultrasound therapy of vulvar dystrophies: A feasibility study. Obstet Gynecol 2004;104:915–21
- Ruan L, Xie Z, Wang H, Jiang J, Shi H, Xu J. High-intensity focused ultrasound treatment for non-neoplastic epithelial disorders of the vulva. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2010;109:167–70
- Jiao LX, Hu LN, Xiong ZA, Feng LH, Zhang Y, Tian GB. High intensity focused ultrasound for the treatment of 900 cases of non-neoplastic epithelial disorders of vulva. Chinese J Gynaecol Obstet 2007;42:6–8
- Cattaneo A, Bracco GL, Maestrini G, Carli P, Taddei GL, Colafranceschi M, et al. Lichen sclerosus and squamous hyperplasia of the vulva. A clinical study of medical treatment. J Reprod Med 1991;36:301–5
- Shirer JA Jr, Ray MC. Familial occurrence of lichen sclerosus et atrophicus: Case reports of a mother and daughter. Arch Dermato 1987;123:485–8
- O’Donnell TX, Nathan LS, Satmary WA, Goldstein AT. Non-neoplastic epithelial disorders of the vulva. Am Fam Physician 2008;77:321–6
- Mac Bride MB, Rhodes DJ, Shuster LT. Vulvovaginal atrophy. Mayo Clinic Proc 2010;85:87–94
- Sander CS, Ali I, Dean D, Thiele JJ, Wojnarowska F. Oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of lichen sclerosus. Br J Dermatol 2004;151:627–35
- Van de Nieuwenhof HP, Meeuwis KA, Nieboer TE, Vergeer MC, Massuger LF, De Hullu JA. The effect of vulvar lichen sclerosus on quality of life and sexual functioning. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 2010;31:279–84
- Tchórzewski H, Rotsztejn H, Banasik M, Lewkowicz P, Głowacka E. The involvement of immunoregulatory T cells in the pathogenesis of lichen sclerosus. Med Sci Monit 2005;11:CR39–43
- Ueda Y, Enomoto T, Miyatake T, Shroyer KR, Yoshizaki T, Kanao H, et al. Analysis of clonality and HPV infection in benign, hyperplastic, premalignant, and malignant lesions of the vulvar mucosa. Am J Clin Pathol 2004;122:266–74
- Gao XH, Barnardo MC, Winsey S, Ahmad T, Cook J, Agudelo JD, et al. The association between HLA DR, DQ antigens, and vulval lichen sclerosus in the UK: HLA DRB112 and its associated DRB112/DQB10301/04/09/010 haplotype confers susceptibility to vulval lichen sclerosus, and HLA DRB10301/04 and its associated DRB10301/04/DQB10201/02/03 haplotype protects from vulval lichen sclerosus. J Invest Dermatol 2005;125:895–9
- Cattaneo A, Bracco GL, Maestrini G, Carli P, Taddei GL, Colafranceschi M, et al. Lichen sclerosus and squamous hyperplasia of the vulva. A clinical study of medical treatment. J Reprod Med 1991;36:301–5
- Poissonnier L, Chapelon JY, Rouvière O, Curiel L, Bouvier R, Martin X, et al. Control of prostate cancer by transrectal HIFU in 227 patients. Eur Urol 2007;51:381–7
- Zhang L, Zhang W, Orsi F, Chen WZ, Wang ZB. Ultrasound-guided high intensity focused ultrasound for the treatment of gynaecological diseases: A review of safety and efficacy. Int J Hyperthermia 2015;31:280–4
- Kim YS, Rhim H, Choi MJ, Lim HK, Choi D. High-intensity focused ultrasound therapy: An overview for radiologists. Korean J Radiol 2008;9:291–302
- Powell J, Wojnarowska F. Childhood vulvar lichen sclerosus: An increasingly common problem. J Am Acad Dermatol 2001;44:803–6