References
- Moriarity JL, Clatterbuck RE, Rigamonti D. The natural history of cavernous malformations. Neurosurg Clin North Am 1999;10:411–7.
- Moriarity JL, Wetzel M, Clatterbuck RE, et al. The natural history of cavernous malformations: a prospective study of 68 patients. Neurosurgery 1999;44:1166–71; discussion 72–3.
- Robinson JR, Awad IA, Little JR. Natural history of the cavernous angioma. J Neurosurg 1991;75:709–14.
- Maraire JN, Awad IA. Intracranial cavernous malformations: lesion behavior and management strategies. Neurosurgery 1995;37:591–605.
- Gross BA, Batjer HH, Awad IA, Bendok BR. Cavernous malformations of the basal ganglia and thalamus. Neurosurgery 2009;65:7–18; discussion 18–9.
- Porter PJ, Willinsky RA, Harper W, Wallace MC. Cerebral cavernous malformations: natural history and prognosis after clinical deterioration with or without hemorrhage. Neurosurg 1997;87:190–7.
- Fritschi JA, Reulen HJ, Spetzler RF, Zabramski JM. Cavernous malformations of the brain stem. A review of 139 cases. Acta Neurochir 1994;130:35–46.
- Hejazi N, Hassler W, Offner F, Schuster A. Cavernous malformations of the orbit: a distinct entity? A review of own experiences. Neurosurg Rev 2007;30:50–4; discussion 54–5.
- Batra S, Lin D, Recinos PF, Zhang J, Rigamonti D. Cavernous malformations: natural history, diagnosis and treatment. Nat Rev Neurol 2009;5:659–70.
- Garrett M, Spetzler RF. Surgical treatment of brainstem cavernous malformations. Surg Neurol 2009;72:S3–9; discussion S9–10.
- Stavrou I, Baumgartner C, Frischer JM, Trattnig S, Knosp E. Long-term seizure control after resection of supratentorial cavernomas: a retrospective single-center study in 53 patients. Neurosurgery 2008;63:888–96; discussion 97.
- Ferroli P, Casazza M, Marras C, et al. Cerebral cavernomas and seizures: a retrospective study on 163 patients who underwent pure lesionectomy. Neurol Sci 2006;26:390–4.
- Ferroli P, Sinisi M, Franzini A, et al. Brainstem cavernomas: long-term results of microsurgical resection in 52 patients. Neurosurgery 2005;56:1203–12; discussion 12–4.
- D’Angelo VA, De Bonis C, Amoroso R, et al. Supratentorial cerebral cavernous malformations: clinical, surgical, and genetic involvement. Neurosurg Focus 2006;21:e9.
- Stefan H, Walter J, Kerling F, Blumcke I, Buchfelder M. [Supratentorial cavernoma and epileptic seizures. Are there predictors for postoperative seizure control?]. Der Nervenarzt 2004;75:755–62.
- Khouri S, Lacerda Leal P, Guarnieri J, et al. [Surgical treatment of cortical and subcortical cavernomas. General principles and personal series of 20 cases treated between 2000 and 2006]. Neuro-Chirurgie 2007;53:163–7.
- Ungersböck K, Aichholzer M, Gunthner M, et al. Cavernous malformations: from frame-based to frameless stereotactic localization. Minim Invasive Neurosurg 1997;40:134–8.
- Lerch KD. Stereotactically-guided microsurgical resection of deep-seated brain lesions: minimization of established and development of new unconventional approaches. Minim Invasive Neurosurg 1995;38:60–78.
- Lerch KD, Schaefer D, Palleske H. Stereotactic microresection of small cerebral vascular malformations (SCVM). Acta Neurochir 1994;130:28–34.
- Grunert P, Charalampaki K, Kassem M, et al. Frame-based and frameless stereotaxy in the localization of cavernous angiomas. Neurosurg Rev 2003;26:53–61.
- Davis DH, Kelly PJ. Stereotactic resection of occult vascular malformations. J Neurosurg 1990;72:698–702.
- Boecher-Schwarz HG, Grunert P, Guenthner M, Kessel G, Mueller-Forell W. Stereotactically guided cavernous malformation surgery. Minim Invasive Neurosurg 1996;39:50–5.
- Esposito V, Oppido PA, Delfini R, Cantore G. A simple method for stereotactic microsurgical excision of small, deep-seated cavernous angiomas. Neurosurgery 1994;34:515–8; discussion 18–9.
- Zhou H, Miller D, Schulte DM, et al. Transsulcal approach supported by navigation-guided neurophysiological monitoring for resection of paracentral cavernomas. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2009;111:69–78.
- Batay F, Bademci G, Deda H. Critically located cavernous malformations. Minim Invasive Neurosurg 2007;50:71–6.
- Conrad M, Schonauer C, Morel C, Pelissou-Guyotat I, Deruty R. Computer-assisted resection of supra-tentorial cavernous malformation. Minim Invasive Neurosurg 2002;45:87–90.
- Ganslandt O, Behari S, Gralla J, Fahlbusch R, Nimsky C. Neuronavigation: concept, techniques and applications. Neurology India 2002;50:244–55.
- Gumprecht HK, Widenka DC, Lumenta CB. BrainLab VectorVision Neuronavigation System: technology and clinical experiences in 131 cases. Neurosurgery 1999;44:97–104; discussion 4–5.
- Maciunas RJ, Galloway RL Jr, Latimer JW. The application accuracy of stereotactic frames. Neurosurgery 1994;35:682–94; discussion 94–5.
- Maciunas RJ, Galloway RL Jr, Latimer J, et al. An independent application accuracy evaluation of stereotactic frame systems. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 1992;58:103–7.
- Regelsberger J, Lohmann F, Helmke K, Westphal M. Ultrasound-guided surgery of deep seated brain lesions. Eur J Ultrasound 2000;12:115–21.
- Woydt M, Horowski A, Krone A, Soerensen N, Roosen K. Localization and characterization of intracerebral cavernous angiomas by intra-operative high-resolution colour-duplex-sonography. Acta Neurochir 1999;141:143–51; discussion 52.