New oral anti-coagulants: Implications for neurosurgery

References

• Ahmad Y, Lip GY. Dabigatran etexilate for the prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in atrial fibrillation: NICE guidance. Heart 2012;98:1404–6. doi:10.1136/heartjnl-2012-302101. Epub 2012 Jun 14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Connock M, Stevens C, Fry-Smith A, et al. Clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of different models of managing long-term oral anticoagulation therapy: a systematic review and economic modelling. Health Technol Assess 2007;11:iii–iv, ix–66.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Connolly SJ, Ezekowitz MD, Yusuf S, et al.; RE-LY Steering Committee and Investigators. Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2009;361:1139–51. Epub 2009 Aug 30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daverat P, Castel JP, Dartigues JF, Orgogozo JM. Death and functional outcome after spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. A prospective study of 166 cases using multivariate analysis. Stroke 1991;22:1–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eisert WG, Hauel N, Stangier J, et al. Dabigatran: an oral novel potent reversible nonpeptide inhibitor of thrombin. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2010;30:1885–9. Epub 2010 Jul 29.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eriksson BI, Dahl OE, Huo MH, et al.; RE-NOVATE II Study Group. Oral dabigatran versus enoxaparin for thromboprophylaxis after primary total hip arthroplasty (RE-NOVATE II*). A randomised, double-blind, non-inferiority trial. Thromb Haemost 2011;105: 721–9. Epub 2011 Jan 12.
   Google Scholar
• Eriksson BI, Dahl OE, Rosencher N, et al.; RE-MODEL Study Group. Oral dabigatran etexilate vs. subcutaneous enoxaparin for the prevention of venous thromboembolism after total knee replacement: the RE-MODEL randomized trial. J Thromb Haemost 2007;5:2178–85.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eriksson BI, Dahl OE, Rosencher N, et al.; RE-NOVATE Study Group. Dabigatran etexilate versus enoxaparin for prevention of venous thromboembolism after total hip replacement: a randomised, double-blind, non-inferiority trial. Lancet 2007;370:949–56.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ganetsky M, Babu KM, Salhanick SD, Brown RS, Boyer EW. Dabigatran: review of pharmacology and management of bleeding complications of this novel oral anticoagulant. J Med Toxicol 2011;7:281–7.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Garber ST, Sivakumar W, Schmidt RH. Neurosurgical complications of direct thrombin inhibitors—catastrophic hemorrhage after mild traumatic brain injury in a patient receiving dabigatran. J Neurosurg 2012;116:1093–6. Epub 2012 Mar 6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Groen RJ, Ponssen H. The spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma. A study of the etiology. J Neurol Sci 1990;98:121–38.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu L, Lee M, Campbell W, Perez-Soler R, Karpatkin S. Role of endogenous thrombin in tumor implantation, seeding, and spontaneous metastasis. Blood 2004;104:2746–51. Epub 2004 Jul 20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kakkar V. Prevention of venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Am J Cardiol 1990;65:50C–4C.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Klerk CP, Smorenburg SM, Otten HM, et al. The effect of low molecular weight heparin on survival in patients with advanced malignancy. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:2130–5. Epub 2005 Feb 7. 20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayer SA; FAST Trial Steering Committee. Complications in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage treated with recombinant factor VIIa. Neurology 2007;69:319–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayer SA. Hematoma enlargement in intracerebral hemorrhage. J Neurosurg 1994;81:333–4.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McKellar SH, Abel S, Camp CL, et al. Effectiveness of dabigatran etexilate for thromboprophylaxis of mechanical heart valves. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2011;141:1410–6. Epub 2011 Mar 22.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mohr JP, Sacco RL, Hauser WA, Petty GW, Tatemichi TK. Aspirin, warfarin, and stroke prevention. Lancet 1988;1:409. No abstract available.
   Google Scholar
• Pink J, Lane S, Pirmohamed M, Hughes DA. Dabigatran etexilate versus warfarin in management of non-valvular atrial fibrillation in UK context: quantitative benefit-harm and economic analyses. BMJ 2011;343:d6333. doi: 10.1136/bmj.d6333.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RE-MOBILIZE Writing Committee, Ginsberg JS, Davidson BL, Comp PC, et al. Oral thrombin inhibitor dabigatran etexilate vs North American enoxaparin regimen for prevention of venous thromboembolism after knee arthroplasty surgery. J Arthroplasty 2009;24:1–9. Epub 2008 Apr 14.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rincon F, Mayer SA. Clinical review: Critical care management of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. Crit Care 2008;12: 237. Epub 2008 Dec 10. Review.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schlunk F, Van Cott EM, Hayakawa K, et al. Recombinant activated coagulation factor VII and prothrombin complex concentrates are equally effective in reducing hematoma volume in experimental warfarin-associated intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke 2012;43: 246–9. Epub 2011 Oct 13.
   Google Scholar
• Schulman S, Kearon C, Kakkar AK, et al.; RE-COVER Study Group. Dabigatran versus warfarin in the treatment of acute venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med 2009;361:2342–52. Epub.
   Google Scholar
• Sorensen SV, Kansal AR, Connolly S, et al. Cost-effectiveness of dabigatran etexilate for the prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in atrial fibrillation: a Canadian payer perspective. Thromb Haemost 2011;105:908–19. Epub 2011 Mar 22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stangier J, Rathgen K, Stähle H, Mazur D. Influence of renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oral dabigatran etexilate: an open-label, parallel-group, single-centre study. Clin Pharmacokinet 2010;49:259–68. doi:10.2165/11318170-000000000-00000.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stangier J. Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the oral direct thrombin inhibitor dabigatran etexilate. Clin Pharmacokinet 2008;47:285–95.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Truumees E, Gaudu T, Dieterichs C, Geck M, Stokes J. Epidural hematoma and intraoperative hemorrhage in a spine trauma patient on Pradaxa (dabigatran). Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2012;37:E863–5. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e31824ee320.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van de Werf F, Brueckmann M, Connolly SJ, et al. A comparison of dabigatran etexilate with warfarin in patients with mechanical heart valves: THE Randomized, phase II study to evaluate the safety and pharmacokinetics of oral dabigatran etexilate in patients after heart valve replacement (RE-ALIGN). Am Heart J. 2012;163:931–7.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2012.03.011.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Ryn J, Stangier J, Haertter S, et al. Dabigatran etexilate—a novel, reversible, oral direct thrombin inhibitor: interpretation of coagulation assays and reversal of anticoagulant activity. Thromb Haemost 2010;103:1116–27. Epub 2010 Mar 29. Review.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wann LS, Curtis AB, Ellenbogen KA, et al.; American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force. 2011 ACCF/AHA/HRS focused update on the management of patients with atrial fibrillation (update on Dabigatran): a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines. Circulation 2011;123:1144–50. Epub 2011 Feb 14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar