References
- Abbott K H, Retter R H. Protrusions of thoracic intervertebral discs. Neurology 1956; 6: 1–10
- Albrand O W, Corkhill G. Thoracic disc herniation: treatment and prognosis. Spine 1979; 4: 41–6
- Arbit E, Patterson R H, Jr. Extradural spinal cord compression and nerve root compression from benign lesions of the dorsal area. Neurological Surgery, J R Youmans. WB Saunders, Philadelphia 1982; 4–2562 73
- Arce C A, Dohrman G J. Herniated thoracic discs. Neurol Clin 1985; 3: 383–92
- Arseni C, Nash F. Thoracic intervertebral disc protrusion. J Neurosurg 1960; 17: 418–30
- Baker H L, Jr, Love J C, Uhlein A. Roentgenologic features of protruded thoracic intervertebral discs. Radiology 1965; 84: 1059–65
- Benson M KD, Byrnes D P. The clinical syndromes and surgical treatment of thoracic intervertebral disc prolapse. J Bone Joint Surg 1975; 57B: 471–7
- Bennett M H, McCallum J E. Experimental decompression of spinal cord. Surg Neurol 1977; 8: 63–7
- Bhole R, Gilmer R E. Two-level thoracic disc herniation. Clin Ortho Rel Research 1984; 190: 129–31
- Brennan M, Perrin J C, Canady A. Paraparesis in a child with a herniated thoracic disc. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1987; 68: 806–8
- Capener N. The evolution of lateral rachotomy. J Bone Joint Surg 1954; 28: 103–7
- Chin L S, Black K L, Hoff J T. Multiple thoracic disc herniations: case report. J Neurosurg 1987; 66: 290–2
- Chou S N, Seljeskog E L. Alternative surgical approaches to the thoracic spine. Clin Neurosurg 1973; 20: 306–21
- Cohen H CM, Tucker W S. Pitfalls of incomplete myelography with thoracic spinal lesions. Can J Neurol Sci 1985; 12: 121–4
- Crafoord T C, Hierton T, Lindblom K. Spinal cord compression caused by a protruded thoracic disc: report of a case treated with anterolateral fenestration of the disc. Acta Orthop Scand 1958; 28: 103–7
- Dohn F D. Thoracic spinal cord compression: alternative surgical approaches and basis of choice. Clin Neurosurg 1980; 27: 611–23
- Doppman J L, Girton M. Angiographic study of the effect of laminectomy in the presence of acute anterior epidural masses. J Neurosurg 1976; 45: 195–202
- Elsberg C A. The extradural ventral chondromas (echondro-mas), their favorite sites, the spinal cord and root system they produce and their surgical treatment. Bull Neurol Inst NY 1931; 1: 350–88
- Epstein J A. The syndrome of herniation of the lower thoracic intervertebral discs with nerve root and spinal cord compression a presentation of four cases with a review of the literature, methods of diagnosis and treatment. J Neurosurg 1954; 11: 525–38
- Fidler M W, Goedhart Z D. Excision of prolapse of thoracic intervertebral disc. J Bone Joint Surg 1984; 66B: 518–22
- Garrido E. Modified costotransversectomy: a surgical approach to ventrally placed lesions in the thoracic spinal canal. Surg Neurol 1980; 13: 109–13
- Gelch M. M. Herniated thoracic disc at Tl-2 level associated with Horner's syndrome. J Neurosurg 1978; 48: 128–30
- Hann E C. Experience with ruptured Tl-2 discs. J Indiana State Med Ass 1980; 598–9, Sep
- Hawk W A. Spinal compression caused by echondrosis of the intervertebral fibrocartilage: with a review of the recent literature. Brain 1936; 59: 204–24
- Hochman M S, Pena C, Ramirez R. Calcified herniated thoracic disc diagnosed by computerized tomography. J Neurosurg 1980; 52: 722–3
- Hulme A. The surgical approach to thoracic intervertebral disc protrusion. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1960; 23: 133–7
- Jeffereson A. The treatment of thoracic intervertebral disc protrusions. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 1975; 78: 1–9
- Kite W C, Jr, Whitfield R D, Campbell E. The thoracic herniated intervertebral disc syndrome. J Neurosurg 1957; 14: 61–7
- Komaki S, Komaki R. Diagnosis of thoracic and lumbar disc disease by gas myelography. Wisconsin Med J 1976; 75: 29–32
- Lesoin F, Rousseaux M, Autrique A. Thoracic disc herniations: evolution in the approach and indications. Acta Neurochirurgia 1986; 80: 30–4
- Lloyd T V, Johnson J C, Paul D J. Horner's syndrome secondary to herniated disc at Tl-2. Am J Radiology 1980; 134: 184–5
- Lobosky J M, Hitchon P W, McDonnell D E. Transthoracic anterolateral decompression for thoracic spinal lesions. Neurosurg 1984; 14: 26–30
- Logue V. Thoracic intervertebral disc prolapse with spinal cord compression. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1952; 15: 227–41
- Love J G, Kiefer E J. Root pain and paraplegia due to protrusions of thoracic intervertebral discs. J Neurosurg 1950; 7: 62–9
- Love J G, Schorn V G. Thoracic disc protrusions. JAMA 1965; 191: 627–31
- McAllister V L, Sage M R. The radiology of thoracic disc protrusion. Radiology 1976; 27: 294–9
- Maiman D J, Larson S J, Luck E. Lateral extracavitary approach to the spine for thoracic disc herniation: report of 23 cases. Neurosurg 1984; 14: 178–82
- McAllister V L, Sage M R. The radiology of thoracic disc protrusion. Radiology 1976; 27: 294–9
- Middleton G S, Teacher J H. Injury of the spinal cord due to rupture of an intervertebral disc during muscular effort. Glasgow Med J 1911; 76: 1–6
- Mixter W J, Barr J S. Rupture of the intervertebral disc with involvement of the spinal canal. N Eng J Med 1934; 211: 210–5
- Otani K, Manzoki S, Shibasaki K. Surgical treatment of thoracic and thoracolumbar disc lesions using the anterior approach. Spine 1977; 2: 266–75
- Otani K, Nakai S, Fujimura Y. Surgical treatment of thoracic disc herniation using the anterior approach. J Bone Joint Surg 1982; 64B–340 3
- Pansini A, Lo Re, Conti P. Ľ ernia discale del tratto inferiore dorsale. Boll Soc Tosco-umbra Chir 1974; 233–54
- Patterson R H, Jr, Arbitt E. A surgical approach through the pedicle to protruded thoracic discs. J Neurosurg 1978; 48: 768–72
- Perot P L, Munro D D. Transthoracic removal of midline thoracic disc protrusions causing spinal cord compression. J Neurosurg 1969; 31: 452–8
- Ransohoff J, Spencer F, Siew F. Transthoracic removal of thoracic disc: report of 3 cases. J Neurosurg 1969; 31: 459–561
- Ravichandran G, Frankel H L. Paraplegia due to intervertebral disc lesions: a review of 57 operated cases. Paraplegia 1981; 19: 133–9
- Reeves D L, Brown H A. Thoracic intervertebral disc protrusion with spinal cord compression. J Neurosurg 1968; 28: 24–8
- Reif J, Gilsbach J, Ostheim-Dzerowycz W. Differential diagnosis and therapy of herniated thoracic disc. Acta Neuro-chirur 1983; 67: 255–65
- Safdari H, Baker R L. Microsurgical anatomy and related techniques to an anterolateral transthoracic approach to thoracic disc herniations. Surg Neurol 1985; 23: 589–93
- Sekhar L N, Jannetta P J. Thoracic disc herniation: operative approaches and results. Neurosurg 1983; 12: 303–5
- Singounas E G, Karvounis P C. Thoracic disc protrusion. Acta Neurochir 1977; 39: 251–8
- Svien H J, Karvatis A L. Multiple protrusions of intervetebral discs in the upper thoracic region: report of a case. Proc Staff Meet Mayo Clin 1954; 29: 375–8
- Tahmouresie A. Herniated thoracic intervertebral disc: an unusual presentation: case report. Neurosurg 1980; 7: 623–5
- Terry A F, McSweeney T, Jones H WF. Paraplegia as a sequela to dorsal prolapse. Paraplegia 1981; 19: 111–17
- Thomson J LG. Myelography in dorsal disc protrusion. Acta Radiol Diagn (Stockh) 1966; 5: 1140–6
- de Tribolet N, Schnyder P, Livio J J. Ľ abord transthoraci-que des hernies discales dorsales. Neurochirurgie 1982; 28(3)187–93
- Tovi D, Strang R R. Thoracic intervertebral disc protrusion. Acta Chir Scand Suppl 1960; 267: 1–41
- Van Landingham J H. Herniation of thoracic intervertebral discs with spinal cord compression in kyphosis dorsalis juvenils (Scheuermann's disease): case report. J Neurosurg 1954; 11: 327–9
- Weiss M H, Heiden J S, Apuzzo M LJ. Anterior decompression of the thoracic and thoracolumbar spine. Bull Los Angeles Neurol Soc 1975; 40: 112–5
- Zielke H. Scheuermannsche Krankheit, Brandscheibenprolaps und Tuberkulose. Der Chirurg 1943; 15: 542–8