Pain in prolonged disorders of consciousness: Laser evoked potentials findings in patients with vegetative and minimally conscious states

References

• Bekinschtein TA, Shalom DE, Forcato C, Herrera M, Coleman MR, Manes FF, Sigman M. Classical conditioning in the vegetative and minimally conscious state. Nature Neuroscience 2009;12:1343–1349
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giacino JT, Ashwal S, Childs N, Cranford R, Jennett B, Katz DI, Kelly JP, Rosenberg JH, Whyte J, Zafonte RD, et al. The minimally conscious state: Definition and diagnostic criteria. Neurology 2002;58:349–353
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laureys S, Faymonville ME, Peigneux P, Damas P, Lambermont B, Del Fiore G, Degueldre C, Aerts J, Luxen A, Franck G, et al. Cortical processing of noxious somatosensory stimuli in the persistent vegetative state. Neuroimage 2002;17:732–741
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeman A. Consciousness. Brain 2001;124:1263–1289
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boly M, Faymonville ME, Schnakers C, Peigneux P, Lambermont B, Phillips C, Lancellotti P, Luxen A, Lamy M, Moonen G, et al. Perception of pain in the minimally conscious state with PET activation: An observational study. Lancet Neurology 2008;7:1013–1020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giacino JT, Hirsch J, Schiff N, Laureys S. Functional neuroimaging applications for assessment and rehabilitation planning in patients with disorders of consciousness. Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation 2006;87:S67–76
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monti MM, Vanhaudenhuyse A, Coleman MR, Boly M, Pickard JD, Tshibanda L, Owen AM, Laureys S. Willful modulation of brain activity in disorders of consciousness. New England Journal of Medicine 2010;362:579–589
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Owen AM, Coleman MR. Using neuroimaging to detect awareness in disorders of consciousness. Functional Neurology 2008;23:189–194
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cavinato M, Volpato C, Silvoni S, Sacchetto M, Merico A, Piccione F. Event-related brain potential modulation in patients with severe brain damage. Clinical Neurophysiology 2011;122:719–724
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Faugeras F, Rohaut B, Weiss N, Bekinschtein TA, Galanaud D, Puybasset L, Bolgert F, Sergent C, Cohen L, Dehaene S, et al. Probing consciousness with event-related potential in the vegetative state. Neurology 2011;77:264–268
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schnakers C, Perrin F, Schabus M, Majerus S, Ledoux D, Damas P, Boly M, Vanhaudenhuyse A, Bruno MA, Moonen G, et al. Voluntary brain processing in disorders of consciousness. Neurology 2008;71:1614–1620
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bosco A, Lancioni E, Belardinelli MO, Singh N, O’Reilly MF, Sigafoos J. Vegetative state: Efforts to curb misdiagnosis. Cognitive Processing 2010;11:87–90
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lancioni GE, Singh N, O’Reilly F, Sigafoos J, Buonocunto F, Sacco V, Colonna F, Navarro J, Lanzilotti CM, Bosco A, et al. A technology-assisted learning setup as assessment supplement for three persons with a diagnosis of post-coma vegetative state and pervasive motor impairment. Research in Developmental Disabilities 2009;30:1034–1043
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lancioni GE, Singh N, O’Reilly F, Sigafoos J, Olivetti M, Navarro J, Colonna F, Lanzilotti CM, De Tommaso M, Buonocunto F, et al. A learning assessment procedure as a test supplement for monitoring progress with two post-coma persons with a diagnosis of vegetative state. Development Neurorehabilitation 2011;14:358–365
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demertzi A, Racine E, Bruno M, Ledoux D, Gosseries O, Vanhaudenhuyse A, Thonnard M, Soddu A, Moonen, Laureys S. Pain perception in disorders of consciousness: Neuroscience, clinical care, and ethics in dialogue. Neuroethics 2013;6:37--50
   Google Scholar
• Demertzi A, Schnakers C, Ledoux D, Chatelle C, Bruno MA, Vanhaudenhuyse A, Boly M, Moonen G, Laureys S. Different beliefs about pain perception in the vegetative and minimally conscious states: A European survey of medical and paramedical professionals. Progress in Brain Research 2009;177:329–338
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carmon A, Mor J, Goldberg J. Evoked cerebral responses to noxious thermal stimuli in humans. Experimental Brain Research 1976;25:103–107
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bromm B, Treede RD. Laser-evoked cerebral potentials in the assessment of cutaneous pain sensitivity in normal subjects and patients. Reviews in Neurology 1991;147:625–643
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Garcia-Larrea L, Frot M, Valeriani M. Brain generators of laser-evoked potentials: From dipoles to functional significance. Neurophysiologie Clinique 2003;33:279–292
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mouraux A, Iannetti GD. Nociceptive laser-evoked brain potentials do not reflect nociceptive-specific neural activity. Journal of Neurophysiology 2009;101:3258–3269
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fischer C, Luaute J, Morlet D. Event-related potentials (MMN and novelty P3) in permanent vegetative or minimally conscious states. Clinical Neurophysiology 2010;121:1032–1042
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lombardi F, Gatta G, Sacco S, Muratori A, Carolei A. The Italian version of the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R). Functional Neurology 2007;22:47–61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schnakers C, Chatelle C, Vanhaudenhuyse A, Majerus S, Ledoux D, Boly M, Bruno MA, Boveroux P, Demertzi A, Moonen G, et al. The Nociception Coma Scale: A new tool to assess nociception in disorders of consciousness. Pain 2010;148:215–219
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inui K, Tran TD, Hoshiyama M, Kakigi R. Preferential stimulation of Adelta fibers by intra-epidermal needle electrode in humans. Pain 2002;96:247–252
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cruccu G, Aminoff MJ, Curio G, Guerit JM, Kakigi R, Mauguiere F, Rossini PM, Treede RD, Garcia-Larrea L. Recommendations for the clinical use of somatosensory-evoked potentials. Clinical Neurophysiology 2008;119:1705–1719
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kujala T, Tervaniemi M, Schroger E. The mismatch negativity in cognitive and clinical neuroscience: Theoretical and methodological considerations. Biological Psychology 2007;74:1–19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valeriani M, Rambaud L, Mauguière F. Scalp topography and dipolar source modelling of potentials evoked by CO2 laser stimulation of the hand. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 1996;100:343–353
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schnakers C, Chatelle C, Majerus S, Gosseries O, De Val M, Laureys S. Assessment and detection of pain in noncommunicative severely brain-injured patients. Current Opinion in Neurology 2007;20:620–626
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cruse D, Owen AM. Consciousness revealed: New insights into the vegetative and minimally conscious states. Current Opinion in Neurology 2010;23:656–660
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kassubek J, Juengling FD, Els T, Spreer J, Herpers M, Krause T, Moser E, Lücking CH. Activation of a residual cortical network during painful stimulation in long-term postanoxic vegetative state: A 15O-H2O PET study. J Neurol Sci. 2003;15:85–91
   Google Scholar
• Bekinschtein TA, Manes FF. Neurobiology of consciousness. Vertex 2008;78:35–44
   Google Scholar
• Noirhomme Q, Soddu A, Lehembre R, Vanhaudenhuyse A, Boveroux P, Boly M, Laureys S. Brain connecivity in pathological and pharmacological coma. Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience 2010;4:160
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Boly M, Tshibanda L, Vanhaudenhuyse A, Noirhomme Q, Schnakers C, Ledoux D, Boveroux P, Garweg C, Lambermont B, Philips C, et al. Functional connectivity in the default network during resting state is preserved in a vegetative but not in a brain dead patient. Human Brain Mapping 2009;30:2393–2400
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garcia-Larrea L, Convers P, Magnin M, André-Obadia N, Peyron R, Laurent B, Mauguière F. Laser-evoked potential abnormalities in central pain patients: The influence of spontaneous and provoked pain. Brain 2002;125:2766–2781
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Tommaso M, Federici A, Santostasi R, Calabrese R, Vecchio E, Lapadula G, Iannone F, Lamberti P, Livrea P. Laser-evoked potentials habituation in fibromyalgia. Journal of Pain 2011;12:116–124
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibson SJ, Littlejohn GO, Gorman MM, Helme RD, Granges G. Altered heat pain thresholds and cerebral event-related potentials following painful CO2 laser stimulation in subjects with fibromyalgia syndrome. Pain 1994;58:185–193
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simone IL, Tortelli R, Samarelli V, D'Errico E, Sardaro M, Difruscolo O, Calabrese R, Francesco Vde V, Livrea P, de Tommaso M. Laser evoked potentials in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Journal of Neurological Sciences 2010;288:106–111
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lorenz J, Garcia-Larrea L. Contribution of attentional and cognitive factors to laser evoked brain potentials. Neurophysiologie Clinique 2003;33:293–301
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Medford N, Critchley HD. Conjoint activity of anterior insular and anterior cingulate cortex: Awareness and response. Brain Structure and Function 2010;214:535–549
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar