References
- Maegele M. Coagulopathy after traumatic brain injury: Incidence, pathogenesis, and treatment options. Transfusion 2013;53:28S–37S
- Pahatouridis D, Alexiou GA, Zigouris A, Mihos E, Drosos D, Voulgaris S. Coagulopathy in moderate head injury. The role of early administration of low molecular weight heparin. Brain Injury 2010;24:1189–1192
- Greuters S, van den Berg A, Franschman G, Viersen VA, Beishuizen A, Peerdeman SM, Boer C; ALARM-BLEEDING investigators. Acute and delayed mild coagulopathy are related to outcome in patients with isolated traumatic brain injury. Critical Care 2011;15:1--7
- Laroche M, Kutcher ME, Huang MC, Cohen MJ, Manley GT. Coagulopathy after traumatic brain injury. Neurosurgery 2012;70:1334–1345
- Weissman C. The metabolic response to stress: An overview and update. Anesthesiology 1990;73:308–327
- Talving P, Benfield R, Hadjizacharia P, Inaba K, Chan LS, Demetriades D. Coagulopathy in severe traumatic brain injury: A prospective study. Journal of Trauma 2009;66:55–61
- Brealey D, Singer M. Hyperglycemia in critical illness: A review. Journal of Diabetes Science & Technology 2009;3:1250–1260
- Yendamuri S, Fulda G, Tinkoff G. Admission hyperglycemia as a prognostic indicator in trauma. Journal of Trauma 2003;55:33–38
- Sung J, Bochicchio GV, Joshi M, Bochicchio K, Tracy K, Scalea TM. Admission hyperglycemia is predictive of outcome in critically ill trauma patients. Journal of Trauma 2005;59:80–83
- Bochicchio GV, Salzano L, Joshi M, Bochicchio K, Scalea TM. Admission preoperative glucose is predictive of morbidity and mortality in trauma patients who require immediate operative intervention. American Surgery 2005;71:171–174
- Harhangi BS, Kompanje EJ, Leebeek FW, Maas AI. Coagulation disorders after traumatic brain injury. Acta Neurochirurgica (Wien) 2008;150:165–175
- Levi M, Ten Cate H. Disseminated intravascular coagulation. New England Journal of Medicine 1999;341:586–592
- Schreiber MA, Differding J, Thorborg P, Mayberry JC, Mullins RJ. Hypercoagulability is most prevalent early after injury and in female patients. Journal of Trauma 2005;58:475–480
- Lustenberger T, Talving P, Kobayashi L, Inaba K, Lam L, Plurad D, Demetriades D. Time course of coagulopathy in isolated severe traumatic brain injury. Injury 2010;41:924–928
- Wafaisade A, Lefering R, Tjardes T, Wutzler S, Simanski C, Paffrath T, Fischer P, Bouillon B, Maegele M; Trauma Registry of DGU. Acute coagulopathy in isolated blunt traumatic brain injury. Neurocritical Care 2010;12:211–219
- Mayer SA, Brun NC, Begtrup K, Broderick J, Davis S, Diringer MN, Skolnick BE, Steiner T; Recombinant Activated Factor VII Intracerebral Hemorrhage Trial Investigators. Recombinant activated factor VII for acute intracerebral haemorrhage. New England Journal of Medicine 2005;352:777–785
- Innerhofer P, Westermann I, Tauber H, Breitkopf R, Fries D, Kastenberger T, El Attal R, Strasak A, Mittermayr M. The exclusive use of coagulation factor concentrates enables reversal of coagulopathy and decreases transfusion rates in patients with major blunt trauma. Injury 2013;44:209–216
- Jeremitsky E, Omert LA, Dunham CM, Wilberger J, Rodriguez A. The impact of hyperglycemia on patients with severe brain injury. Journal of Trauma 2005;58:47–50
- Salim A, Hadjizacharia P, Dubose J, Brown C, Inaba K, Chan LS, Margulies D. Persistent hyperglycemia in severe traumatic brain injury: An independent predictor of outcome. American Surgery 2009;75:25–29
- Du XL, Sui GZ, Stockklauser-Färber K, Weiss J, Zink S, Scwippert B, Wu QX, Tschöpe D, Rösen P. Induction ofapoptosis by high proinsulin and glucose in cultured humanumbilical vein endothelial cells is mediated by reactive oxygenspecies. Diabetologia 1998;41:249–256
- Duchen MR. Roles of mitochondria in health and disease. Diabetes 2004;53:S96–S102
- Adams JM, Cory S. The Bcl-2 protein family: Arbiters of cell survival. Science 1998;281:1322–1326
- Van den Berghe G, Schoonheydt K, Becx P, Bruyninckx F, Wouters PJ. Insulin therapy protects the central and peripheral nervous system of intensive care patients. Neurology 2005;64:1348–1353
- Meier R, Béchir M, Ludwig S, Sommerfeld J, Keel M, Steiger P, Stocker R, Stover JF. Differential temporal profile of lowered blood glucose levels (3.5 to 6.5 mmol/l versus 5 to 8 mmol/l) in patients with severe traumatic brain injury. Critical Care 2008;12:1--18
- Vespa PM. Intensive glycemic control in traumatic brain injury: What is the ideal glucose range? Critical Care 2008;12:175