Effect of prior statin use on outcome after severe traumatic brain injury in a South-East Asian population

References

• Langlois JA, Rutland-Brown W, Thomas KE. Traumatic brain injury in the United States: Emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and deaths. Atlanta, GA: Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Acute Care, Rehabilitation Research and Disability Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control; 2004.
   Google Scholar
• Hyder AA, Wunderlich CA, Puvanachandra P, Gururaj G, Kobusingye OC. The impact of traumatic brain injuries: a global perspective. NeuroRehabilitation 2007;22:341–353.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leker RR, Khoury ST, Rafaeli G, Shwartz R, Eichel R, Tanne D. Prior use of statins improves outcome in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage prospective data from the National Acute Stroke Israeli Surveys (NASIS). Stroke 2009;40:2581–2584.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKinney JS, Kostis WJ. Statin therapy and the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage a meta-analysis of 31 randomized controlled trials. Stroke 2012;43:2149–2156.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kruger P, Fitzsimmons K, Cook D, Jones M, Nimmo G. Statin therapy is associated with fewer deaths in patients with bacteraemia. Intensive Care Medicine 2006;32:75–79.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang H, Lynch JR, Song P, Yang H-J, Yates RB, Mace B, Warner DS, Guyton JR, Laskowitz DT. Simvastatin and atorvastatin improve behavioral outcome, reduce hippocampal degeneration, and improve cerebral blood flow after experimental traumatic brain injury. Experimental Neurology 2007;206:59–69.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu D, Qu C, Goussev A, Jiang H, Lu C, Schallert T, Mahmood A, Chen J, Li Y, Chopp M. Statins increase neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus, reduce delayed neuronal death in the hippocampal CA3 region, and improve spatial learning in rat after traumatic brain injury. Journal of Neurotrauma 2007;24:1132–1146.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahmood A, Goussev A, Kazmi H, Qu C, Lu D, Chopp M. Long-term benefits after treatment of traumatic brain injury with simvastatin in rats. Neurosurgery 2009;65:187.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turkoglu OF, Eroglu H, Okutan O, Gurcan O, Bodur E, Sargon MF, Oner L, Beskonakl i E. Atorvastatin efficiency after traumatic brain injury in rats. Surgical Neurology 2009;72:146–152.
   Google Scholar
• Indraswari F, Wang H, Lei B, James ML, Kernagis D, Warner DS, Dawson HN, Laskowitz DT. Statins improve outcome in murine models of intracranial hemorrhage and traumatic brain injury: a translational approach. Journal of Neurotrauma 2012;29:1388–1400.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen S-F, Hung T-H, Chen C-C, Lin K-H, Huang Y-N, Tsai H-C, Wang JY. Lovastatin improves histological and functional outcomes and reduces inflammation after experimental traumatic brain injury. Life Sciences 2007;81:288–298.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li Y-F, Feng Q-Z, Gao W-Q, Zhang X-J, Huang Y, Chen Y-D. The difference between Asian and Western in the effect of LDL-C lowering therapy on coronary atherosclerotic plaque: a meta-analysis report. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders 2015;15:6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberts I, Yates D, Sandercock P, Farrell B, Wasserberg J, Lomas G, Cottingham R, Svoboda P, Brayley N, Mazairac G, et al. Effect of intravenous corticosteroids on death within 14 days in 10008 adults with clinically significant head injury (MRC CRASH trial): Randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2004;364:1321–1328.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collaborators CT. Final results of MRC CRASH, a randomised placebo-controlled trial of intravenous corticosteroid in adults with head injury—outcomes at 6 months. The Lancet 2005;365:1957–1959.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murray GD, Barer D, Choi S, Fernandes H, Gregson B, Lees KR, Maas AI, Marmarou A, Mendelow AD, Steyerberg EW, et al. Design and analysis of phase III trials with ordered outcome scales: The concept of the sliding dichotomy. Journal of Neurotrauma 2005;22:511–517.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han J, King NK, Neilson SJ, Gandhi MP, Ng I. External validation of the CRASH and IMPACT prognostic models in severe traumatic brain injury. Journal of Neurotrauma 2014;31:1146–1152.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Werner C, Engelhard K. Pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2007;99:4–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sillberg VA, Wells GA, Perry JJ. Do statins improve outcomes and reduce the incidence of vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage a meta-analysis. Stroke 2008;39:2622–2626.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wible EF, Laskowitz DT. Statins in traumatic brain injury. Neurotherapeutics 2010;7:62–73.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beziaud T, Chen XR, El Shafey N, Frechou M, Teng F, Palmier B, Beray-Berthat V, Soustrat M, Margaill I, Plotkine M, et al. Simvastatin in traumatic brain injury: Effect on brain edema mechanisms. Critical Care Medicine 2011;39:2300–2307.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tapia-Pérez JH, Sanchez-Aguilar M, Schneider T. The role of statins in neurosurgery. Neurosurgical Review 2010;33:259–270.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peng W, Yang J, Yang B, Wang L, Xiong X-g, Liang Q. Impact of statins on cognitive deficits in adult male rodents after traumatic brain injury: A systematic review. BioMed Research International 2014; 261409.
   Google Scholar
• Efron DT, Sorock G, Haut ER, Chang D, Schneider E, MacKenzie E, Cornwell EE 3rd, Jurkovich GJ. Preinjury statin use is associated with improved in-hospital survival in elderly trauma patients. The Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery 2008;64:66–74.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schneider EB, Efron DT, MacKenzie EJ, Rivara FP, Nathens AB, Jurkovich GJ. Premorbid statin use is associated with improved survival and functional outcomes in older head-injured individuals. The Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery 2011;71:815–819.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tapia-Perez JH, Sanchez-Aguilar M, Torres-Corzo JG, Gordillo-Moscoso A, Martinez-Perez P, Madeville P, de la Cruz-Mendoza E, Chalita-Williams J. Effect of rosuvastatin on amnesia and disorientation after traumatic brain injury (NCT003229758). Journal of Neurotrauma 2008;25:1011–1017.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sánchez-Aguilar M, Tapia-Pérez JH, Sánchez-Rodríguez JJ, Viñas-Ríos JM, Martínez-Pérez P, de la Cruz-Mendoza E, Sánchez-Reyna M, Torres-Corzo JG, Gordillo-Moscoso A. Effect of rosuvastatin on cytokines after traumatic head injury: clinical article. Journal of Neurosurgery 2013;118:669–675.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neal MD, Cushieri J, Rosengart MR, Alarcon LH, Moore EE, Maier RV, Minei JP, Billiar TR, Peitzman AB, Sperry JL, et al. Preinjury statin use is associated with a higher risk of multiple organ failure after injury: A propensity score adjusted analysis. The Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery 2009;67:476–484.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar