Covert contrast in velar fronting: An acoustic and ultrasound study

References

• Amorosa, H., Benda, U. V., Wagner, E., & Keck, A. (1985). Transcribing phonetic detail in the speech of unintelligible children: A comparison of procedures. International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, 20, 281–287
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boersma, P., & Weenink, D. (2011). Praat: Doing phonetics by computer. Version 5.2.46. Retrieved October 7, 2011, from http://www.praat.org/
   Google Scholar
• Cleland, J., Scobbie, J. M., & Wrench, A. A. (2015). Using ultrasound visual biofeedback to treat persistent primary speech sound disorders. Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics, early online, 1–23
   Google Scholar
• Davis, K. (1995). Phonetic and phonological contrasts in the acquisition of voicing: Voice onset time production in Hindi and English. Journal of Child Language, 22, 275–305
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edwards, J., Gibbon, F., & Fourakis, M. (1997). On discrete changes in the acquisition of the alveolar/velar stop consonant contrast. Language and Speech, 40, 203–210
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forrest, K., Weismer, G., Hodge, M., Dinnsen, D. A., & Elbert, M. (1990). Statistical analysis of word-initial/k/and/t/produced by normal and phonologically disordered children. Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics, 4, 327–340
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibbon, F. (1990). Lingual activity in two speech-disordered children's attempts to produce velar and alveolar stop consonants: evidence from electropalatographic (EPG) data. International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, 25, 329–340
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibbon, F. (1999). Undifferentiated lingual gestures in children with articulation/phonological disorders. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 42, 382–397
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibbon, F., Dent, H., & Hardcastle, W. (1993). Diagnosis and therapy of abnormal alveolar stops in a speech-disordered child using electropalatography. Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics, 7, 247–267
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grunwell, P. (1981). The nature of phonological disability in children. London: Academic Press
   Google Scholar
• Hitchcock, E. R., & Koenig, L. L. (2013). The effects of data reduction in determining the schedule of voicing acquisition in young children. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 56, 441–457
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klatt, D. H. (1975). Voice onset time, frication, and aspiration in word-initial consonant clusters. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 18, 686–706
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klein, H. B., McAllister Byun, T., Davidson, L., & Grigos, M. I. (2013). A multidimensional investigation of children’s /r/ productions: Perceptual, ultrasound, and acoustic measures. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 22, 540–553
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, M., Kambhamettu, C., & Stone, M. (2005). Automatic contour tracking in ultrasound images. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics, 19, 545–554
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindblom, B. (1963). Spectrographic study of vowel reduction. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 35, 1773–1781
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lisker, L., & Abramson, A. S. (1964). A cross-language study of voicing in initial stops: Acoustical measurements. Word, 20, 384–422
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lisker, L., & Abramson, A. S. (1967). Some effects of context on voice onset time in English stops. Language and Speech, 10, 1–28
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lousada, M. L., Jesus, L. M., & Pape, D. (2012). Estimation of stops' spectral place cues using multitaper techniques. Documentação de Estudos em Lingüística Teórica e Aplicada, 28, 1–26
   Google Scholar
• Macken, M. A., & Barton, D. (1980). The acquisition of the voicing contrast in English: A study of voice onset time in word-initial stop consonants. Journal of Child Language, 7, 41–74
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McAllister Byun, T. (2012). Positional velar fronting: An updated articulatory account. Journal of Child Language, 39, 1043–1076
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McAllister Byun, T., Hitchcock, E. R., & Swartz, M. T. (2014). Retroflex versus bunched in treatment for /r/ misarticulation: Evidence from ultrasound biofeedback intervention. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 57, 2116–2130
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ménard, L., Aubin, J., Thibeault, M., & Richard, G. (2012). Measuring tongue shapes and positions with ultrasound imaging: a validation experiment using an articulatory model. Folia Phoniatr Logop, 64, 64–72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Munson, B., Schellinger, S. K., & Urberg-Carlson, K. (2012). Measuring speech-sound learning using visual analog scaling. Perspectives in Language Learning and Education, 19, 19–30
   Google Scholar
• Preston, J. L., Brick, N., & Landi, N. (2013). Ultrasound biofeedback treatment for persisting childhood apraxia of speech. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 22, 627–643
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Preston, J. L., McCabe, P., Rivera-Campos, A., Whittle, J. L., Landry, E. & Maas, E. (2014). Ultrasound visual feedback treatment and practice variability for residual speech sound errors. Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research, 57, 2102–2115
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Repp, B. H. (1984). Closure duration and release burst amplitude cues to stop consonant manner and place of articulation. Language and Speech, 27, 245–254
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scobbie, J. M. (1998). Interactions between the acquisition of phonetics and phonology. In K. Gruber, D. Higgins, K. Olsen & T. Wysochi (Eds), Papers from the 34th annual regional meeting of the Chicago Linguistic Society (Vol. 2, pp. 343–358). Chicago: Chicago Linguistics Society
   Google Scholar
• Scobbie, J., Gibbon, F., Hardcastle, W., & Fletcher, P. (2000). Covert contrast as a stage in the acquisition of phonetics and phonology. In M. Broe & J. Pierrehumbert (Eds), Papers in laboratory phonology V (pp. 194–207). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press
   Google Scholar
• Slud, E., Stone, M., Smith, P., & Goldstein, M. (2002). Principal components representation of the two-dimensional coronal tongue surface. Phonetica, 59, 108–133
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sussman, H. M., Hoemeke, K. A., & McCaffrey, H. A. (1992). Locus equations as an index of coarticulation for place of articulation distinctions in children. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 35, 769–781
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tyler, A. A., Edwards, M. L., & Saxman, J. H. (1990). Acoustic validation of phonological knowledge and its relationship to treatment. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 55, 251–261
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tyler, A. A., Figurski, G. R., & Langsdale, T. (1993). Relationships between acoustically determined knowledge of stop place and voicing contrasts and phonological treatment progress. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 36, 746–759
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whalen, D. H., Iskarous, K., Tiede, M. K., Ostry, D. J., Lehnert-LeHouillier, H., Vatikiotis-Bateson, E., & Hailey, D. S. (2005). The Haskins optically corrected ultrasound system (HOCUS). Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 48, 543–553
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young, E. C., & Gilbert, H. R. (1988). An analysis of stops produced by normal children and children who exhibit velar fronting. Journal of Phonetics, 16, 243–246
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zharkova, N. (2013). Using ultrasound to quantify tongue shape and movement characteristics. The Cleft Palate – Craniofacial Journal, 50, 76–81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar