References
- Bernstein Ratner, N., & Sih, C. C. (1987). Effects of gradual increases in sentence length and complexity on children’s dysfluency. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 52, 278–287.
- Bloodstein, O. (2001). Incipient and developed stuttering as two distinct disorders: resolving a dilemma. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 26, 67–73.
- Bloodstein, O. (2002). Early stuttering as a type of language difficulty. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 27, 163–167.
- Bloodstein, O. (2006). Some empirical observations about early stuttering: a possible link to language development. Journal of Communication Disorders, 39, 185–191.
- Bloodstein, O., & Bernstein Ratner, N. (2008). A handbook of stuttering (6th ed.). New York: Thompson Delmar Learning.
- Buhr, A., & Zebrowski, P. (2009). Sentence position and syntactic complexity of stuttering in early childhood: a longitudinal study. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 34, 155–172.
- Gaines, N. D., Runyan, C. M., & Meyers, S. C. (1991). A comparison of young stutterers’ fluent versus stuttered utterances on measures of length and complexity. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 34, 37–42.
- Ito, T. (1986). Speech disfluency and language acquisition in a child who temporarily showed high frequency of disfluency. The Japanese Journal of Logopedics and Phoniatrics, 27, 273–279 (in Japanese).
- Kenjo, M. (2005). Treatment featuring direct speech therapy for a school-age child with severe stuttering: a case report. The Japanese Journal of Logopedics and Phoniatrics, 46, 21–28 (in Japanese).
- Kubozono, H. (2003). The syllable as a unit of prosodic organization in Japanese. In C. Féry and R. van de Vijver (Eds.), The syllable in Optimality Theory (pp. 99–122). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Logan, K. J. (2001). The effect of syntactic complexity upon the speech fluency of adolescents and adults who stutter. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 26, 85–106.
- Logan, K. J., & Conture, E. G. (1997). Selected temporal, grammatical, and phonological characteristics of conversational utterances produced by children who stutter. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 40, 107–120.
- Maeara, N., Yamasaki, K., Kobayashi, H. (2005) Differential diagnosis and mothers’ judgement of a young child’s disfluent speech. The Japanese Journal of Communication Disorders, 22, 73–82 (in Japanese).
- Matsumoto-Shimamori, S., Ito, T., Fukuda, S. E., & Fukuda, S. (2011). The transition from the core vowels to the following segments in Japanese children who stutter: the second, third and fourth syllables. Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics, 25, 804–813.
- Matsumoto-Shimamori, S., & Ito, T. (2013). Effect of word accent on the difficulty of transition from core vowels in first syllables to the following segments in Japanese children who stutter. Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics, 27, 694–704.
- Ozawa, E., Hara, Y., Suzuki, N., Moriyama, H., & Ohashi, Y. (2013). The test of stuttering. Tokyo, Japan: Gakuensha (in Japanese).
- Sakai, N., Mori, K., Ozawa, E., & Mochida, A. (2006). Stuttering treatment with a behind-the-ear type metronome for an adult stutterer. The Japanese Journal of Logopedics and Phoniatrics, 47, 16–24 (in Japanese).
- Sander, E. K. (1961). Reliability of the Iowa speech disfluency test. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, Monograph Supplement, 7, 21–30.
- Sasanuma, S. (1968). A description of the disfluent speech behaviour of stuttering and nonstuttering Japanese children (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Iowa City, IA: University of Iowa.
- Shimamori, S., & Ito, T. (2007). Syllable weight and phonological encoding in Japanese children who stutter. Japanese Journal of Special Education, 44, 451–462.
- Shimamori, S., & Ito, T. (2008). Syllable weight and frequency of stuttering: Comparison between children who stutter with and without a family history of stuttering. Japanese Journal of Special Education, 45, 437–445.
- Shimamori, S., & Ito, T. (2009). Difference in frequency of stuttering between light and heavy syllables in the production of monosyllables: From the viewpoint of phonetic transition. The Japanese Journal of Logopedics and Phoniatrics, 50, 116–122 (in Japanese).
- Shimamori, S., & Ito, T. (2010). Does the transition from the onsets to the core vowels affect the frequency of stuttering in Japanese? Japanese Journal of Special Education, 48, 23–29 ( in Japanese).
- Silverman, S. W., & Bernstein Ratner, N. (1997). Syntactic complexity, fluency, and accuracy of sentence imitation in adolescents. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 40, 95–106.
- Takahashi, S., & Ito, T (2012). Effect of syntactic structure on the frequency of stuttering in Japanese children who stutter: comparison between relative and coordinate clause. The Japan Journal of Logopedics and Phoniatrics, 53, 33–36 (in Japanese).
- Takahashi, S., & Ito, T (2014). Differences of processing difficulty between phrases and words in school-aged children who stutter. Journal of Special Education Research, 3, 11–14.
- Ujihira, A. (2000). Linguistic and phonetic research on disfluency (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Osaka: Osaka University (in Japanese).
- Ujihira, A., & Kubozono, H. (1994) A phonetic and phonological analysis of stuttering in Japanese. Proceedings of ICSLP 94, 3, 1195–1198.
- Wingate, M. E. (1964). A standard definition of stuttering. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 29, 484–489.
- Wingate, M. E. (1988). The structure of stuttering: A psycholinguistic analysis. New York: Springer-Verlag.
- Wingate, M. E. (2002). Foundations of stuttering. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
- Zackheim, C. T., & Conture, E. G. (2003). Childhood stuttering and speech disfluencies in relation to children’s mean length of utterances: a preliminary study. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 28, 115–142.