Aqueous Humor Endothelin-1 (Et-1), Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) levels in Mexican Glaucomatous Patients

REFERENCES

• Tielsch JM, Katz J, Sommer A, et al. Hypertension, perfusion, perfusion pressure, and primary open-angle glaucoma. A population-based assessment. Arch Ophthalmol. 1995;113:216–221.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collaborative Normal Tension Glaucoma Study Group. The effectiveness of intraocular pressure reduction in the treatment of normal tension glaucoma. Am J Ophthalmol. 1998;126:498–505.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nickels RW. Retinal ganglion cell death in glaucoma: The how, the why and the maybe. J Glaucoma. 1996;5:345–356.
   Google Scholar
• Källberg ME, Brooks DE, Gelatt KN, et al. Endothelin-1, nitric oxide, and glutamate in the normal and glaucomatous dog eye. Vet Ophthalmol. 2007;10(S1):46–52.
   Google Scholar
• Fechtner RD, Weinreb RN. Mechanisms of optic nerve damage in primary open angle glaucoma. Surv Ophthalmol. 1994;39–23.
   Google Scholar
• Källberg ME, Brooks DE, Garcia-Sanchez GA, et al. Endothelin 1 levels in the aqueous humor of dogs with glaucoma. J Glaucoma. 2002;11:105–109.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wollensak G, Schaefer HE, Ihling C. An immunohistochemical study of endothelin-1 in the human eye. Curr Eye Res. 1998;17:541–545.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tezel G, Kass MA, Kolker AE, et al. Plasma and aqueous endothelin levels in primary open-angle glaucoma. J Glaucoma. 1997;6:83–89.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sasaki Y, Takimoto M, Oda K, et al. Endothelin evokes efflux of glutamate in cultures of rat astrocytes. J Neurochemistry. 1997;68:2194–2200.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lau J, Dang M, Hockmann K, et al. Effects of acute delivery of endothelin-1 on retinal ganglion cell loss in the rat. Exp Eye Res. 2006;82:132–145.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prasanna G, Krishnamoorthy R, Clark AF, et al. Human optic nerve head astrocytes as a target for endothelin-1. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2002;43:2704–2713.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ergorul C, Ray A, Huang W, et al. Levels of vascular endothelial growth factor-A165b (VEGF-A165b) are elevated in experimental glaucoma. Mol Vis. 2008;14:1517–1524.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tripathi RC, Li J, Tripathi BJ, et al. Increased levels of vascular endothelial growth factor in aqueous humor of patients with neovascular glaucoma. Ophthalmol. 1998;105:232–237.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu DN, Ritch R, Liebmann J, et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor is increased in aqueous humor of glaucomatous eyes. J Glaucoma. 2002;11:406–410.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tolentino MJ, Miller JW, Gragoudas ES, et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor is sufficient to produce iris neovascularization and neovascular glaucoma in a nonhuman primate. Arch Ophthalmol. 1996;114:964–970.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masuzawa K, Jesmin S, Maeda S, et al. Effect of endothelin dual receptor antagonist on VEGF levels in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat retina. Exp Biol Med. 2006;231:1090–1094.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masuzawa K, Goto K, Jesmin S, et al. An endothelin type A receptor antagonist reverses upregulated VEGF and ICAM-1 levels in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat retina. Curr Eye Res. 2006;31:79–89.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marshall JL, Stanfield KM, Silverman L, et al. Enhance expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in glaucomatous dog eyes. Vet Ophthalmol. 2004;7:59–62.
   Google Scholar
• Maihöfner C, Schlötzer-Schrehardt U, Gühring H, et al. Expression of cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 in normal and glaucomatous human eyes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2001;42:2616–2624.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaeckel EC, Raja S, Tan J, et al. Correlation of expression of cyclooxygenase-2, vascular endothelial growth factor, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2001;127:1253–1259.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Marrogi AJ, Travis WD, Welsh JA, et al. Nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase 2, and vascular endothelial growth factor in the angiogenesis of non-small cell lung carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res. 2000;6:4739–4744.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haefliger IO, Dettmann E, Liu R, et al. Potential role of nitric oxide and endothelin in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. Survey Ophthalmol. 1999;43(S1):51–58.
   Google Scholar
• Lip PL, Felmeden DC, Blann AD, et al. Plasma vascular endothelial growth factor, soluble VEGF receptor FLT-1, and von Willebrand factor in glaucoma. Br J Ophthalmol. 2002;86:1299–1302.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toris CB, Gabet BT, Kaufman PL. Update on the mechanism of the action of topical prostaglandins for intraocular pressure reduction. Survey Ophthalmol. 2008;53:S107–S120.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacCumber MW, Ross CA, Glaser BM, et al. Endothelin: Visualization of mRNAs by in situ hybridization provides evidence for local action. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1989;86:7285–7289.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Narayan S, Prasanna G, Krishmoorthy RR, et al. Endothelin-1 synthesis and secretion in human retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19): Differential regulation by cholinergics and TNF-α. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2003:44:4885–4894.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sasaoka M, Taniguchi T, Shimazawa M, et al. Intravitreal injection of endothelin-1 caused optic nerve damage following to ocular hypoperfusion in rabbits. Exp Eye Res. 2006;83:629–637.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aiello LP, Northrup JM, Keyt BA, et al. Hypoxic regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor in retinal cells. Arch Ophthalmol. 1995;113:1538–1544.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taniguchi T, Shimazawa M, Sasaoka M, et al. Endothelin-1 impairs retrograde axonal transport and leads to axonal injury in rat optic nerve. Curr Neurovasc Res. 2006;3:81–88.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emre M, Orgül S, Haufschild T, et al. Increased plasma endothelin-1 levels in patients with progressive open angle glaucoma. Br J Ophthalmol. 2005;89:60–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sugiyama T, Moriya S, Oku H, et al. Association of endothelin-1 with normal tension glaucoma: Clinical and fundamental studies. Survey Ophthalmol. 1995;39(S1):49–56.
   Google Scholar
• Kunimatsu S, Mayama C, Tomidokoro A, et al. Plasma endothelin-1 level in Japanese normal tension glaucoma patients. Curr Eye Res. 2006;31:727–731.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaiser HJ, Flammer J, Wenk M, et al. Endothelin-1 plasma levels in normal-tension glaucoma: Abnormal response to postural changes. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 1995;233:484–488.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koliakos GG, Konstas AGP, Schlötzer-Schrehardt U, et al. Endothelin-1 concentration is increased in the aqueous humor of patients with exfoliation syndrome. Br J Ophthalmol. 2004;88:523–527.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aiello LP, Avery RL, Arrigg PG, et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor in ocular fluid of patients with diabetic retinopathy and other retinal disorders. N Engl J Med. 1994;331:1480–1487.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adamis AP, Miller JW, Bernal MT, et al. Increased vascular endotheial growth factor levels in the vitreous of eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Am J Ophthalmol. 1994;118:445–450.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adamis AP, Shima DT, Tolentino MJ, et al. Inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor prevents retinal ischemia-associated iris neovascularization in a nonhuman primate. Arch Ophthalmol. 1996;114:66–71.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burgos R, Simo R, Audi L, et al. Vitreous levels of vascular endothelial growth factor are not influenced by its serum concentrations in diabetic retinopathy. Diabetologica. 1997;40:1107–1109.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Itakura H, Kishi S, Kotajima N, et al. Persistent secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor into vitreous cavity in proliferative diabetic retinopathy after vitrectomy. Ophthalmol. 2004;111:1880–1884.
   Google Scholar
• Vinores SA, Youssri AI, Luna JD, et al. Up-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor in ischemical and non-ischemical human and experimental retinal disease. Histol Histopathol. 1997;12:99–109.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shima DT, Gougos A, Miller JW, et al. Cloning and mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in ischemic retinas of Macaca fascicularis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1996;37:1334–1340.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuroki M, Voest EE, Amano S, et al. Reactive oxygen intermediates increase vascular endothelial growth factor expression in vitro and in vivo. J Clin Invest. 1996;98:1667–1675.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pierce EA, Avery RL, Foley ED, et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular permeability factor expression in a mouse model of retinal neovascularization. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1995;92:905–909.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seko Y, Seko Y, Fujikura H, et al. Induction of vascular endothelial growth factor after application of mechanical stress to retinal pigment epithelium of the rat in vitro. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1999;40:3287–3291.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Miller JW. Vascular endothelial growth factor and ocular neovascularization. Am J Pathol. 1997;151:13–23.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amin RH, Frank RN, Kennedy A, et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor is present in glial cells of the retina and optic nerve of human subjects with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1997;38:36–47.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amico C, Yakimov M, Catania MV, et al. Differential expression of cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 in the cornea wound healing. Tissue & Cell. 2004;36:1–12.
   Google Scholar
• Ju W, Neufeld AH. Cellular localization of cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 in the normal mouse, rat, and human retina. J Comp Neurol. 2002;452:392–399.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chin MS, Naginemi CN, Hooper LC, et al. Cyclooxygenase-2 expression and regulation in human retinal pigment epithelial cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2001;42:2338–2346.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar