Relaxation of Porcine Retinal Arterioles During Acute Hypoxia In Vitro Depends on Prostaglandin and NO Synthesis in the Perivascular Retina

References

• Laouri M, Chen E, Looman M, Gallagher M. The burden of disease of retinal vein occlusion: review of the literature. Eye (Lond) 2011;25:981–988
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leavitt JA, Larson TA, Hodge DO, Gullerud RE. The incidence of central retinal artery occlusion in Olmsted County, Minnesota. Am J Ophthalmol 2011;152:820–823.e2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chan CK, Ip MS, Vanveldhuisen PC, Oden NL, Scott IU, Tolentino MJ, et al. SCORE Study report #11: incidences of neovascular events in eyes with retinal vein occlusion. Ophthalmology 2011;118:1364–1372
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brinchmann-Hansen O, Myhre K, Sandvik L. Retinal vessel responses to exercise and hypoxia before and after high altitude acclimatisation. Eye (Lond) 1989;3:768–776
   Google Scholar
• Sehi M, Tsui E, Cheng R, Wan J, Wong T, Dorner S, et al. Relative magnitude of vascular reactivity in the major arterioles of the retina. Microvasc Res 2012;83:200–204
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dallinger S, Dorner GT, Wenzel R, Graselli U, Findl O, Eichler HG, et al. Endothelin-1 contributes to hyperoxia-induced vasoconstriction in the human retina. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2000;41:864–869
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilmore ED, Hudson C, Nrusimhadevara RK, Ridout R, Harvey PT, Mandelcorn M, et al. Retinal arteriolar hemodynamic response to a combined isocapnic hyperoxia and glucose provocation in early sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008;49:699–705
   Google Scholar
• Izumi N, Nagaoka T, Sato E, Sogawa K, Kagokawa H, Takahashi A, et al. Role of nitric oxide in regulation of retinal blood flow in response to hyperoxia in cats. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008;49:4595–4603
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pournaras C, Tsacopoulos M, Chapuis P. Studies on the role of prostaglandins in the regulation of retinal blood flow. Exp Eye Res 1978;26:687–697
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillis JW. Adenosine and adenine nucleotides as regulators of cerebral blood flow: roles of acidosis, cell swelling, and KATP channels. Crit Rev Neurobiol 2004;16:237–270
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Huang QF, Gebrewold A, Zhang A, Altura BT, Altura BM. Role of excitatory amino acids in regulation of rat pial microvasculature. Am J Physiol 1994;266:R158–R163
   Google Scholar
• Holmgaard K, Aalkjaer C, Lambert JD, Bek T. ATP-induced relaxation of porcine retinal arterioles depends on the perivascular retinal tissue and acts via an adenosine receptor. Curr Eye Res 2007;32:353–359
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hessellund A, Aalkjaer C, Bek T. Effect of cyclic guanosine-monophosphate on porcine retinal vasomotion. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 2006;84:228–233
   Google Scholar
• Holmgaard K, Aalkjaer C, Lambert JD, Hessellund A, Bek T. The relaxing effect of perivascular tissue on porcine retinal arterioles in vitro is mimicked by N-methyl-D-aspartate and is blocked by prostaglandin synthesis inhibition. Acta Ophthalmol 2008;86:26–33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delaey C, Van de Voorde J. Retinal arterial tone is controlled by a retinal-derived relaxing factor. Circ Res 1998;83:714–720
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eperon G, Johnson M, David NJ. The effect of arterial PO2 on relative retinal blood flow in monkeys. Invest Ophthalmol 1975;14:342–352
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pournaras CJ, Rungger-Brandle E, Riva CE, Hardarson SH, Stefansson E. Regulation of retinal blood flow in health and disease. Prog Retin Eye Res 2008;27:284–330
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holmgaard K, Bek T. ATP-induced relaxation of porcine retinal arterioles in vitro depends on prostaglandin E synthesized in the perivascular retinal tissue. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2010;51:5168–5175
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brazitikos PD, Pournaras CJ, Tsacopoulos M, Munoz JL. Metabolic factors of vasomotor regulation of the inner retina. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 1992;200:502–503
   Google Scholar
• Iannaccone A, Letizia C, Pazzaglia S, Vingolo EM, Clemente G, Pannarale MR. Plasma endothelin-1 concentrations in patients with retinal vein occlusions. Br J Ophthalmol 1998;82:498–503
   Google Scholar
• Haufschild T, Prunte C, Messerli J, Flammer J. Increased endothelin-1 plasma level in young adults with retinal vascular occlusive diseases. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2004;221:357–359
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagaoka T, Sakamoto T, Mori F, Sato E, Yoshida A. The effect of nitric oxide on retinal blood flow during hypoxia in cats. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2002;43:3037–3044
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hein TW, Xu W, Kuo L. Dilation of retinal arterioles in response to lactate: role of nitric oxide, guanylyl cyclase, and ATP-sensitive potassium channels. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006;47:693–699
   Google Scholar
• Hein TW, Ren Y, Potts LB, Yuan Z, Kuo E, Rosa RH Jr, et al. Acute retinal ischemia inhibits endothelium-dependent nitric oxide-mediated dilation of retinal arterioles via enhanced superoxide production. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2012;53:30–36
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Metea MR, Newman EA. Glial cells dilate and constrict blood vessels: a mechanism of neurovascular coupling. J Neurosci 2006;26:2862–2870
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tummala SR, Benac S, Tran H, Vankawala A, Zayas-Santiago A, Appel A, et al. Effects of inhibition of neuronal nitric oxide synthase on basal retinal blood flow regulation. Exp Eye Res 2009;89:801–809
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dorner GT, Garhofer G, Kiss B, Polska E, Polak K, Riva CE, et al. Nitric oxide regulates retinal vascular tone in humans. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2003;285:H631–H636
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilkinson-Berka JL. Vasoactive factors and diabetic retinopathy: vascular endothelial growth factor, cycoloxygenase-2 and nitric oxide. Curr Pharm Des 2004;10:3331–3348
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogawa N, Mori A, Hasebe M, Hoshino M, Saito M, Sakamoto K, et al. Nitric oxide dilates rat retinal blood vessels by cyclooxygenase-dependent mechanisms. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2009;297:R968–R977
   Google Scholar
• Holmgaard K, Aalkjaer C, Lambert JD, Hessellund A, Bek T. The relaxing effect of perivascular tissue on porcine retinal arterioles in vitro is mimicked by N-methyl-D-aspartate and is blocked by prostaglandin synthesis inhibition. Acta Ophthalmol 2008;86:26–33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maenhaut N, Boussery K, Delaey C, Van de Voorde J. Adenosine enhances the relaxing influence of retinal tissue. Exp Eye Res 2009;88:71–78
   Google Scholar
• Ghiardi GJ, Gidday JM, Roth S. The purine nucleoside adenosine in retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Vision Res 1999;39:2519–2535
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lange CA, Bainbridge JW. Oxygen sensing in retinal health and disease. Ophthalmologica 2012;227:115–131
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maenhaut N, Boussery K, Delaey C, Van de Voorde J. Control of retinal arterial tone by a paracrine retinal relaxing factor. Microcirculation 2007;14:39–48
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zheng L, Gong B, Hatala DA, Kern TS. Retinal ischemia and reperfusion causes capillary degeneration: similarities to diabetes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007;48:361–367
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rieger JM, Shah AR, Gidday JM. Ischemia-reperfusion injury of retinal endothelium by cyclooxygenase- and xanthine oxidase-derived superoxide. Exp Eye Res 2002;74:493–501
   Google Scholar
• Jean-Louis S, Lovasik JV, Kergoat H. Systemic hyperoxia and retinal vasomotor responses. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005;46:1714–1720
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riva CE, Pournaras CJ, Tsacopoulos M. Regulation of local oxygen tension and blood flow in the inner retina during hyperoxia. J Appl Physiol 1986;61:592–598
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hein TW, Rosa RH Jr, Yuan Z, Roberts E, Kuo L. Divergent roles of nitric oxide and rho kinase in vasomotor regulation of human retinal arterioles. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2010;51:1583–1590
   Google Scholar
• Kiss B, Polska E, Dorner G, Polak K, Findl O, Mayrl GF, et al. Retinal blood flow during hyperoxia in humans revisited: concerted results using different measurement techniques. Microvasc Res 2002;64:75–85
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pakola SJ, Grunwald JE. Effects of oxygen and carbon dioxide on human retinal circulation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1993;34:2866–2870
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luksch A, Garhofer G, Imhof A, Polak K, Polska E, Dorner GT, et al. Effect of inhalation of different mixtures of O(2) and CO(2) on retinal blood flow. Br J Ophthalmol 2002;86:1143–1147
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Luksch A, Polak K, Beier C, Polska E, Wolzt M, Dorner GT, et al. Effects of systemic NO synthase inhibition on choroidal and optic nerve head blood flow in healthy subjects. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2000;41:3080–3084
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar