316
Views
18
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Ethnic Variation in Optic Disc Size by Fundus Photography

, , , , , , & show all
Pages 1142-1147 | Received 29 Dec 2012, Accepted 22 May 2013, Published online: 10 Jul 2013

References

  • Quigley HA, Broman AT. The number of people with glaucoma worldwide in 2010 and 2020. Br J Ophthalmol 2006;90:262–267
  • Lee DA, Higginbotham EJ. Glaucoma and its treatment: a review. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2005;62:691–699
  • Sommer A, Pollack I, Maumenee AE. Optic disc parameters and onset of glaucomatous field loss. II. Static screening criteria. Arch Ophthalmol 1979;97:1449–1454
  • Hoffmann EM, Zangwill LM, Crowston JG, Weinreb RN. Optic disk size and glaucoma. Surv Ophthalmol 2007;52:32–49
  • Jonas JB, Bergua A, Schmitz-Valckenberg P, Papastathopoulos KI, Budde WM. Ranking of optic disc variables for detection of glaucomatous optic nerve damage. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2000;41:1764–1773
  • Crowston JG, Hopley CR, Healey PR, Lee A, Mitchell P; Blue Mountains Eye Study. The effect of optic disc diameter on vertical cup to disc ratio percentiles in a population based cohort: the Blue Mountains Eye Study. Br J Ophthalmol 2004;88:766–770
  • Healey PR, Mitchell P, Smith W, Wang JJ. Relationship between cup-disc ratio and optic disc diameter: the Blue Mountains Eye Study. Aust N Z J Ophthalmol 1997;25:S99–S101
  • Caprioli J, Miller JM. Optic disc rim area is related to disc size in normal subjects. Arch Ophthalmol 1987;105:1683–1685
  • Budde WM, Jonas JB, Martus P, Gründler AE. Influence of optic disc size on neuroretinal rim shape in healthy eyes. J Glaucoma 2000;9:357–362
  • Jonas JB, Fernandez MC, Naumann GO. Glaucomatous optic nerve atrophy in small discs with low cup-to-disc ratios. Ophthalmology 1990;97:1211–1215
  • Varma R, Tielsch JM, Quigley HA, Hilton SC, Katz J, Spaeth GL, Sommer A. Race-, age-, gender-, and refractive error-related differences in the normal optic disc. Arch Ophthalmol 1994;112:1068–1076
  • Chi T, Ritch R, Stickler D, Pitman B, Tsai C, Hsieh FY. Racial differences in optic nerve head parameters. Arch Ophthalmol 1989;107:836–839
  • Marsh BC, Cantor LB, WuDunn D, Hoop J, Lipyanik J, Patella VM, et al. Optic nerve head (ONH) topographic analysis by stratus OCT in normal subjects: correlation to disc size, age, and ethnicity. J Glaucoma 2010;19:310–318
  • Girkin CA, McGwin G Jr, McNeal SF, DeLeon-Ortega J. Racial differences in the association between optic disc topography and early glaucoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003;44:3382–3387
  • Girkin CA, McGwin G Jr, Xie A, Deleon-Ortega J. Differences in optic disc topography between black and white normal subjects. Ophthalmology 2005;112:33–39
  • Girkin CA, Sample PA, Liebmann JM, Jain S, Bowd C, ADAGES Group, et al. Ancestry differences in optic disc, retinal nerve fiber layer, and macular structure in healthy subjects. Arch Ophthalmol 2010;128:541–550
  • Seider MI, Lee RY, Wang D, Pekmezci M, Porco TC, Lin SC. Optic disk size variability between African, Asian, white, Hispanic, and Filipino Americans using Heidelberg retinal tomography. J Glaucoma 2009;18:595–600
  • Knight OJ, Girkin CA, Budenz DL, Durbin MK, Feuer WJ; Cirrus OCT Normative Database Study Group. Effect of race, age, and axial length on optic nerve head parameters and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness measured by Cirrus HD-OCT. Arch Ophthalmol 2012;130:312–318
  • Foster PJ, Buhrmann R, Quigley HA, Johnson GJ. The definition and classification of glaucoma in prevalence surveys. Br J Ophthalmol 2002;86:238–242
  • Rohrschneider K, Burk RO, Kruse FE, Völcker HE. Reproducibility of the optic nerve head topography with a new laser tomographic scanning device. Ophthalmology 1994;101:1044–1049
  • Bartz-Schmidt KU, Weber J, Heimann K. Validity of two-dimensional data obtained with the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph as verified by direct measurements in normal optic nerve heads. Ger J Ophthalmol 1994;3:400–405
  • Garway-Heath DF, Rudnicka AR, Lowe T, Foster PJ, Fitzke FW, Hitchings RA. Measurement of optic disc size: equivalence of methods to correct for ocular magnification. Br J Ophthalmol 1998;82:643–649
  • Jonas JB, Müller-Bergh JA, Schlötzer-Schrehardt UM, Naumann GO. Histomorphometry of the human optic nerve. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1990;31:736–744
  • Quigley HA, Coleman AL, Dorman-Pease ME. Larger optic nerve heads have more nerve fibers in normal monkey eyes. Arch Ophthalmol 1991;109:1441–1443

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.