The Effects of Mild Ocular Surface Stimulation and Concentration on Spontaneous Blink Parameters

References

• Schaumberg DA, Dana R, Buring JE, Sullivan DA. Prevalence of dry eye disease among US men: estimates from the Physicians' Health Studies. Arch Ophthalmol 2009;127:763–768
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schaumberg DA, Sullivan DA, Buring JE, Dana MR. Prevalence of dry eye syndrome among US women. Am J Ophthalmol 2003;136:318–326
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCarty CA, Bansal AK, Livingston PM, Stanislavsky YL, Taylor HR. The epidemiology of dry eye in Melbourne, Australia. Ophthalmol 1998;105:1114–1119
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uchino M, Nishiwaki Y, Michikawa T, Shirakawa K, Kuwahara E, Yamada M, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of dry eye disease in Japan: Koumi study. Ophthalmol 2011;118:2361–2367
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lemp MA, Baudouin C, Baum J, Dogru M, Foulks GN, Kinoshita S, et al. The definition and classification of dry eye disease: Report of the Definition and Classification Subcommittee of the International Dry Eye WorkShop (2007). Ocul Surf 2007;5:75–92
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Himebaugh NL, Begley CG, Bradley A, Wilkinson JA. Blinking and tear break-up during four visual tasks. Optom Vis Sci 2009;86:E106–E114
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakamori K, Odawara M, Nakajima T, Mizutani T, Tsubota K. Blinking is controlled primarily by ocular surface conditions. Am J Ophthalmol 1997;124:24–30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsubota K, Nakamori K. Effects of ocular surface area and blink rate on tear dynamics. Arch Ophthalmol 1995;113:155–158
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ousler 3rd GW, Hagberg KW, Schindelar M, Welch D, Abelson MB. The ocular protection index. Cornea 2008;27:509–513
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu H, Begley C, Chen M, Bradley A, Bonanno J, McNamara NA, et al. A link between tear instability and hyperosmolarity in dry eye. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2009;50:3671–3679
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oyster CW. The human eye: structure and function. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates; 1999. pp. xxviii, 766 (26 pp.)
   Google Scholar
• Evinger C, Manning KA, Sibony PA. Eyelid movements. Mechanisms and normal data. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1991;32:387–400
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naase T, Doughty MJ, Button NF. An assessment of the pattern of spontaneous eyeblink activity under the influence of topical ocular anaesthesia. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2005;243:306–312
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Acosta MC, Gallar J, Belmonte C. The influence of eye solutions on blinking and ocular comfort at rest and during work at video display terminals. Exp Eye Res 1999;68:663–669
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirokawa K, Yagi A, Miyata Y. Comparison of blinking behavior during listening to and speaking in Japanese and English. Perceptual Motor Skills 2004;98:463–472
   Google Scholar
• Doughty MJ. Consideration of three types of spontaneous eyeblink activity in normal humans: during reading and video display terminal use, in primary gaze, and while in conversation. Optometry Vision Sci: Official Publ Am Acad Optometry 2001;78:712–725
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bentivoglio AR, Bressman SB, Cassetta E, Carretta D, Tonali P, Albanese A. Analysis of blink rate patterns in normal subjects. Mov Disord 1997;12:1028–1034
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doughty MJ, Naase T, Button NF. Frequent spontaneous eyeblink activity associated with reduced conjunctival surface (trigeminal nerve) tactile sensitivity. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2009;247:939–946
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barbato G, De Padova V, Paolillo AR, Arpaia L, Russo E, Ficca G. Increased spontaneous eye blink rate following prolonged wakefulness. Physiol Behav 2007;90:151–154
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agostino R, Bologna M, Dinapoli L, Gregori B, Fabbrini G, Accornero N, et al. Voluntary, spontaneous, and reflex blinking in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2008;23:669–675
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karson CN. Spontaneous eye-blink rates and dopaminergic systems. Brain 1983;106:643–653
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cardona G, Garcia C, Seres C, Vilaseca M, Gispets J. Blink rate, blink amplitude, and tear film integrity during dynamic visual display terminal tasks. Currt Eye Res 2011;36:190–197
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schlote T, Kadner G, Freudenthaler N. Marked reduction and distinct patterns of eye blinking in patients with moderately dry eyes during video display terminal use. Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology – Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle. Ophthalmologie 2004;242:306–312
   Google Scholar
• Palakuru JR, Wang J, Aquavella JV. Effect of blinking on tear dynamics. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007;48:3032–3037
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peshori KR, Schicatano EJ, Gopalaswamy R, Sahay E, Evinger C. Aging of the trigeminal blink system. Exp Brain Res 2001;136:351–363
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Belmonte C, Acosta MC, Gallar J. Neural basis of sensation in intact and injured corneas. Exp Eye Res 2004;78:513–525
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaminer J, Powers AS, Horn KG, Hui C, Evinger C. Characterizing the spontaneous blink generator: an animal model. J Neurosci: Off J Soc Neurosci 2011;31:11256–11267
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toshida H, Nguyen DH, Beuerman RW, Murakami A. Evaluation of novel dry eye model: preganglionic parasympathetic denervation in rabbit. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007;48:4468–4475
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borges FP, Garcia DM, Cruz AA. Distribution of spontaneous inter-blink interval in repeated measurements with and without topical ocular anesthesia. Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia 2010;73:329–332
   Google Scholar
• Toda I, Asano-Kato N, Komai-Hori Y, Tsubota K. Dry eye after laser in situ keratomileusis. Am J Ophthalmol 2001;132:1–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jansen ME, Begley CG, Himebaugh NH, Port NL. Effect of contact lens wear and a near task on tear film break-up. Optometry Vision Sci: Official Publ Am Acad Optometry 2010;87:350–357
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsubota K, Hata S, Okusawa Y, Egami F, Ohtsuki T, Nakamori K. Quantitative videographic analysis of blinking in normal subjects and patients with dry eye. Arch Ophthalmol 1996;114:715–720
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cardona G, Garcia C, Seres C, Vilaseca M, Gispets J. Blink rate, blink amplitude, and tear film integrity during dynamic visual display terminal tasks. Curr Eye Res 2011;36:190--197
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VanderWerf F, Brassinga P, Reits D, Aramideh M, Ongerboer de Visser B. Eyelid movements: behavioral studies of blinking in humans under different stimulus conditions. J Neurophysiol 2003;89:2784–2796
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Begley CG, Chalmers RL, Abetz L, Venkataraman K, Mertzanis P, Caffery BA, et al. The relationship between habitual patient-reported symptoms and clinical signs among patients with dry eye of varying severity. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003;44:4753–4761
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bron AJ, Evans VE, Smith JA. Grading of corneal and conjunctival staining in the context of other dry eye tests. Cornea 2003;22:640–650
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Situ P, Simpson TL, Fonn D, Jones LW. Conjunctival and corneal pneumatic sensitivity is associated with signs and symptoms of ocular dryness. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008;49:2971–2976
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Paiva CS, Pflugfelder SC. Corneal epitheliopathy of dry eye induces hyperesthesia to mechanical air jet stimulation. Am J Ophthalmol 2004;137:109–115
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bologna M, Agostino R, Gregori B, Belvisi D, Ottaviani D, Colosimo C, et al. Voluntary, spontaneous and reflex blinking in patients with clinically probable progressive supranuclear palsy. Brain 2009;132:502–510
   Google Scholar
• Begley CG, Himebaugh N, Renner D, Liu H, Chalmers R, Simpson T, et al. Tear breakup dynamics: a technique for quantifying tear film instability. Optom Vis Sci 2006;83:15–21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu H, Begley CG, Chalmers R, Wilson G, Srinivas SP, Wilkinson JA. Temporal progression and spatial repeatability of tear breakup. Optom Vis Sci 2006;83:723–730
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chalmers RL, Begley CG, Caffery B. Validation of the 5-Item Dry Eye Questionnaire (DEQ-5): discrimination across self-assessed severity and aqueous tear deficient dry eye diagnoses. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2010;33:55–60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Management and Therapy Subcommittee of the International Dry Eye WorkShop (2007). Management and therapy of dry eye disease. Ocul Surf 2007;5:163–178
   Google Scholar
• Doughty MJ. Further assessment of gender- and blink pattern-related differences in the spontaneous eyeblink activity in primary gaze in young adult humans. Optom Vis Sci 2002;79:439–447
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evinger C, Bao JB, Powers AS, Kassem IS, Schicatano EJ, Henriquez VM, et al. Dry eye, blinking, and blepharospasm. Mov Disord 2002;17:S75–S78
   Google Scholar
• Guitton D, Simard R, Codere F. Upper eyelid movements measured with a search coil during blinks and vertical saccades. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1991;32:3298–3305
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sforza C, Rango M, Galante D, Bresolin N, Ferrario VF. Spontaneous blinking in healthy persons: an optoelectronic study of eyelid motion. Ophthalmic Physiol Optics: J Br College Ophthalmic Opticians 2008;28:345–353
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freudenthaler N, Neuf H, Kadner G, Schlote T. Characteristics of spontaneous eyeblink activity during video display terminal use in healthy volunteers. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2003;241:914–920
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsubota K, Nakamori K. Dry eyes and video display terminals. N Engl J Med 1993;328:584
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonfiglio L, Carboncini MC, Bongioanni P, Andre P, Minichilli F, Forni M, et al. Spontaneous blinking behaviour in persistent vegetative and minimally conscious states: relationships with evolution and outcome. Brain Res Bull 2005;68:163–170
   Google Scholar
• Harrison WW, Begley CG, Liu H, Chen M, Garcia M, Smith JA. Menisci and fullness of the blink in dry eye. Optom Vis Sci 2008;85:706–714
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hasan SA, Baker RS, Sun WS, Rouholiman BR, Chuke JC, Cowen DE, et al. The role of blink adaptation in the pathophysiology of benign essential blepharospasm. Arch Ophthalmol 1997;115:631–636
   Google Scholar
• Bourcier T, Acosta MC, Borderie V, Borras F, Gallar J, Bury T, et al. Decreased corneal sensitivity in patients with dry eye. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005;46:2341–2345
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Situ P, Simpson TL, Jones LW, Fonn D. Conjunctival and corneal hyperesthesia in subjects with dryness symptoms. Optom Vis Sci 2008;85:867–872
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Begley C, Simpson T, Liu H, Salvo E, Wu Z, Bradley A, et al. Quantitative analysis of tear film fluorescence and discomfort during tear film instability and thinning. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2013;54:2645--2653
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Acosta MC, Tan ME, Belmonte C, Gallar J. Sensations evoked by selective mechanical, chemical, and thermal stimulation of the conjunctiva and cornea. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001;42:2063–2067
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar