Intraocular Pressure Lowering Effect of Orbital Decompression is Related to Increased Venous Outflow in Graves Orbitopathy

REFERENCES

• Bartalena L, Pinchera A, Marcocci C. Management of Graves’ ophthalmopathy. Reality and perspectives. Endocr Rev 2000;21:168–199
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King JS, Netland PA. Glaucoma in thyroid eye disease. In: Dutton JJ, Haik BG, editors. Thyroid eye disesase. Diagnosis and treatment. New York: Marcel Dekker Inc; 2002. pp 319–324
   Google Scholar
• Gamblin GT, Harper DG, Galentine P, Buck DR, Chernow B, Eil C. Prevalence of increased intraocular pressure in Graves’ disease-evidence of frequent subclinical ophthalmopathy. N Engl J Med 1983;308:420–424
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohtsuka K, Nakamura Y. Open angle glaucoma associated with Graves’ disease. Am J Ophthalmol 2000;129:613–617
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kalmann R, Mourits MP. Prevalence and management of elevated intraocular pressure in patients with Graves’ orbitopathy. Br J Ophthalmol 1998;82:754–757
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cockerham KP, Pal C, Jani B, Wolter A, Kennerdell JS. The prevalence and implications of ocular hypertension and glaucoma in thyroid associated orbitopathy. Ophthalmology 1997;104:914–917
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldberg I. Thyroid eye disease and glaucoma. J Glaucoma 2003;12:494–496
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohtsuka K. Intraocular pressure and proptosis in 95 patients with Graves’ ophthalmopathy. Am J Ophthalmol 1997;124:570–572
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piltz-Seymour JR, Stone RA. Glaucoma associated with systemic disease. In: Rich R, Shields MB, Krupin T, editors. The glaucomas, 2nd edn. St. Louis: Mosby; 1996. pp 1157–1176
   Google Scholar
• Weinreb RN, Karwatowski WS. Glaucoma associated with elevated episcleral venous pressure. In: Rich R, Shields MB, Krupin T, editors. The glaucomas, 2nd edn. St. Louis: Mosby; 1996. pp 1143–1155
   Google Scholar
• Higginbotham EJ. Glaucoma associated with increased episcleral venous pressure. In: Albert DM, Jakobiec FA, Azar DT, Gragoudas E, Power SM, Robinson NL, editors. Principles and practice of ophthalmology, 2nd edn. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 2000. pp 2781–2792
   Google Scholar
• Carnahan MC, Goldstein DA. Ocular complications of topical, periocular and systemic corticosteroids. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2000;11:478–483
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dev S, Damji KF, DeBacker CM, Cox TA, Dutton JJ, Allingham RR. Decrease in intraocular pressure after orbital decompression for thyroid orbitopathy. Can J Ophthalmol 1998;33:314–319
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Danesh-Meyer HV, Savino PJ, Deramo V, Sergott RC, Smith AF. Intraocular pressure changes after treatment for Graves’ orbitopathy. Ophthalmology 2001;108:145–150
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Otto AJ, Koornneef L, Mourits MP, Deen-Van Leeuwen L. Retrobulbar pressures measured during surgical decompression of the orbit. Br J Ophthalmology 1996;80:1042–1045
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robert PY, Rivas M, Camezind P, Rulfi JY, Adenis JP. Decrease of intraocular pressure after fat-removal orbital decompression in Graves’ disease. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg 2006;22:92–95
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prummel MF, Bakker A, Wiersinga WM, Baldeschi L, Mourits MP, Kendall-Taylor P, et al. Multi-center study on the characteristics and treatment strategies of patients with Graves’ orbitopathy: the first European Group on Graves’ Orbitopathy experience. Eur J Endocrinol 2003;148:491–495
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mourits MP, Koornneef L, Wiersinga WM, Prummel MF, Berghout A, van der Gaag R. Clinical criteria for the assessment of disease activity in Graves’ ophthalmopathy: a novel approach. Br J Ophthalmol 1989;73:639–644
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKeag D, Lane C, Lazarus JH, Baldeschi L, Boboridis K, Dickinson AJ, et al. Clinical features of dysthyroid optic neuropathy: a European Group on Graves’ Orbitopathy (EUGOGO) survey. Br J Ophthalmol 2007;91:455–458
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norris JH, Ross JJ, Kazim M, Selva D, Malhotra R. The effect of orbital decompression surgery on refraction and intraocular pressure in patients with thyroid orbitopathy. Eye (Lond) 2012;26:535–543
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Monteiro ML, Moritz RB, Angotti Neto H, Benabou JE. Color Doppler imaging of the superior ophthalmic vein in patients with Graves’ orbitopathy before and after treatment of congestive disease. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2011;66:1329–1334
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wakelkamp IMMJ, Baldeschi L, Saeed P, Mourits MP, Prummel MF, Wiersinga WM. Surgical or medical decompression as a first-line treatment of optic neuropathy in Graves’ ophthalmopathy? A randomized controlled trial. Clin Endocrinol 2005;63:323–328
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dayan CM, Dayan MR. Dysthyroid optic neuropathy: a clinical diagnosis or a definable entity? Br J Ophthalmol 2007;91:409–410
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neigel JM, Rootman J, Belkin RI, Nugent RA, Drance SM, Beattie CW, et al. Dysthyroid optic neuropathy. The crowded orbital apex syndrome. Ophthalmology 1988;95:1515–1521
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Konuk O, Onaran Z, Ozhan Oktar S, Yucel C, Unal M. Intraocular pressure and superior ophthalmic vein blood flow velocity in Graves’ orbitopathy: relation with the clinical features. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2009;247:1555–1559
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Metson R, Pletcher SD. Endoscopic orbital and optic nerve decompression. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2006;39:551–561
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McCann JD, Goldberg RA, Anderson RL, Burroughs JR, Ben Simon GJ. Medial wall decompression for optic neuropathy but lateral wall decompression with fat removal for non vision-threatening indications. Am J Ophthalmol 2006;141:916–917
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liao SL, Chang TC, Lin LL. Transcaruncular orbital decompression: an alternate procedure for Graves ophthalmopathy with compressive optic neuropathy. Am J Ophthalmol 2006;141:810–818
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ben Simon GJ, Schwarcz RM, Mansury AM, Wang L, McCann JD, Goldberg RA. Minimally invasive orbital decompression: local anesthesia and hand-carved bone. Arch Ophthalmol 2005;123:1671–1675
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Unal M, Ileri F, Konuk O, Hasanreisoglu B. Balanced orbital decompression combined with fat removal in Graves ophthalmopathy: do we really need to remove the third wall? Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg 2003;19:112–118
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kacker A, Kazim M, Murphy M, Trokel S, Close LG. Balanced orbital decompression for severe Graves’ orbitopathy: technique with treatment algorithm. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2003;128:228–235
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kikkawa DO, Pornpanich K, Cruz RC Jr, Levi L, Granet DB. Graded orbital decompression based on severity of proptosis. Ophthalmology 2002;109:1219–1224
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang EL, Bernardino CR, Rubin PA. Transcaruncular orbital decompression for management of compressive optic neuropathy in thyroid-related orbitopathy. Plast Reconstr Surg 2003;112:739–747
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar