Choroidal Blood Flow Decreases with Age: An MRI Study

References

• Cavallotti C, Cerulli L. Age-related changes of the human eye. Totowa (NJ): Humana Press; 2008. ch. 1, p. 1
   Google Scholar
• Pauleikhoff D, Chen JC, Chisholm IH, Bird AC. Choroidal perfusion abnormality with age-related Bruch's membrane change. Am J Ophthalmmol 1990;109:211–217
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jablonski MM, Iannaccone A, Reynolds DH, Gallaher P, Allen S, Wang XF, Reiner A. Age-related decline in VIP-positive parasympathetic nerve fibers in the human submacular choroid. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007;48:479–485
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramrattan RS, van der Schaft TL, Mooy CM, de Bruijn WC, Mulder PG, de Jong PT. Morphometric analysis of Bruch's membrane, the choriocapillaris, and the choroid in aging. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1994;35:2857–2864
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seddon JM, Chen CA. The epidemiology of age-related macular degeneration. Internat Ophthalm Clinics 2004;44:17–39
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Le A, Mukesh BN, McCarty CA, Taylor HR. Risk factors associated with the incidence of open-angle glaucoma: the visual impairment project. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003;44:3783–3789
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen PP. Risk and risk factors for blindness from glaucoma. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2004;15:107–111
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Emre M, Orgul S, Gugleta K, Flammer J. Ocular blood flow alteration in glaucoma is related to systemic vascular dysregulation. Brit J Ophthalmol 2004;88:662–666
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong TY, Klein R, Sharrett AR, Manolio TA, Hubbard LD, Marino EK, et al. The prevalence and risk factors of retinal microvascular abnormalities in older persons: the cardiovascular health study. Ophthalmology 2003;110:658–666
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pournaras CJ, Rungger-Brandle E, Riva CE, Hardarson SH, Stefansson E. Regulation of retinal blood flow in health and disease. Prog Retin Eye Res 2008;27:284–330
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ito YN, Mori K, Young-Duvall J, Yoneya S. Aging changes of the choroidal dye filling pattern in indocyanine green angiography of normal subjects. Retina 2001;21:237–242
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grunwald JE, Piltz J, Patel N, Bose S, Riva CE. Effect of aging on retinal macular microcirculation: a blue field simulation study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1993;34:3609–3613
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grunwald JE, Hariprasad SM, DuPont J. Effect of aging on foveolar choroidal circulation. Arrch Ophthalmol 1998;116:150–154
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Embleton SJ, Hosking SL, Roff Hilton EJ, Cunliffe IA. Effect of senescence on ocular blood flow in the retina, neuroretinal rim and lamina cribrosa, using scanning laser Doppler flowmetry. Eye 2002;16:156–162
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ehrlich R, Kheradiya NS, Winston DM, Moore DB, Wirostko B, Harris A. Age-related ocular vascular changes. Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2009;247:583–591
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ravalico G, Toffoli G, Pastori G, Croce M, Calderini S. Age-related ocular blood flow changes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1996;37:2645–2650
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muir ER, Duong TQ. MRI of retinal and choroid blood flow with laminar resolution. NMR Biomed 2011;24:216–223
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muir ER, Renteria RC, Duong TQ. Reduced ocular blood flow as an early indicator of diabetic retinopathy in a mouse model of diabetes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2012;53:6488–6494
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li G, De La Garza B, Shih YY, Muir ER, Duong TQ. Layer-specific blood-flow MRI of retinitis pigmentosa in RCS rats. Exp Eye Res 2012;101:90–96
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muir ER, De La Garza B, Duong TQ. Blood flow and anatomical MRI in a mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa. Magn Reson Med 2013;69:221–228
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lavery WJ, Muir ER, Kiel JW, Duong TQ. Magnetic resonance imaging indicates decreased choroidal and retinal blood flow in the DBA/2J mouse model of glaucoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2012;53:560–564
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Y, Nateras OS, Peng Q, Kuranov RV, Harrison JM, Milner TE, Duong TQ. Lamina-specific anatomical magnetic resonance imaging of the human retina. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2011;52:7232–7237
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berkowitz BA, McDonald C, Ito Y, Tofts PS, Latif Z, Gross J. Measuring the human retinal oxygenation response to a hyperoxic challenge using MRI: eliminating blinking artifacts and demonstrating proof of concept. Magn Reson Med 2001;46:412–416
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peng Q, Zhang Y, Nateras OS, van Osch MJ, Duong TQ. MRI of blood flow of the human retina. Magn Reson Med 2011;65:1768–1775
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maleki N, Dai W, Alsop DC. Blood flow quantification of the human retina with MRI. NMR Biomed 2011;24:104–111
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maleki N, Alsop DC, Dai W, Hudson C, Han JS, Fisher J, Mikulis D. The effect of hypercarbia and hyperoxia on the total blood flow to the retina as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2011;52:6867–6874
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Y, San Emeterio Nateras O, Peng Q, Rosende CA, Duong TQ. Blood flow MRI of the human retina/choroid during rest and isometric exercise. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2012;53:4299–4305
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Y, Harrison JM, Nateras OS, Chalfin S, Duong TQ. Decreased choroidal blood flow in retinitis pigmentosa as measured by MRI. Doc Ophthalmol 2013;126:187–197
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wyszecki Gn, Stiles WS. Color science: concepts and methods, quantitative data and formulas. New York (NY): Wiley; 1967:227
   Google Scholar
• Le Grand Y. Light, colour and vision. English, 2nd ed. London,: Chapman & Hall; 1968:50–51
   Google Scholar
• Chalela JA, Alsop DC, Gonzalez-Atavales JB, Maldjian JA, Kasner SE, Detre JA. Magnetic resonance perfusion imaging in acute ischemic stroke using continuous arterial spin labeling. Stroke 2000;31:680–687
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muir ER, Duong TQ. Layer-specific functional and anatomical mri of the retina with passband balanced SSFP. Magn reson Med 2011;66:1416–1421
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Osch MJ, Teeuwisse WM, van Walderveen MA, Hendrikse J, Kies DA, van Buchem MA. Can arterial spin labeling detect white matter perfusion signal?. Magn Reson Med 2009;45:1155–1161
   Google Scholar
• Herscovitch P, Raichle ME. What is the correct value for the brain–blood partition coefficient for water? J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1985;5:65–69
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu H, Clingman C, Golay X, van Zijl PC. Determining the longitudinal relaxation time (T1) of blood at 3.0 Tesla. Magn Reson Med 2004;52:679–682
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stanisz GJ, Odrobina EE, Pun J, Escaravage M, Graham SJ, Bronskill MJ, Henkelman RM. T1, T2 relaxation and magnetization transfer in tissue at 3T. Magn Reson Med 2005;54:507–512
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu WC, Fernandez-Seara M, Detre JA, Wehrli FW, Wang J. A theoretical and experimental investigation of the tagging efficiency of pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling. Magn Reson Med 2007;58:1020–1027
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garcia DM, Duhamel G, Alsop DC. Efficiency of inversion pulses for background suppressed arterial spin labeling. Magn Reson Med 2005;54:366–372
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng H, Nair G, Walker TA, Kim MK, Pardue MT, Thulé PM, et al. Structural and functional MRI reveals multiple retinal layers. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2006;103:17525–17530
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Longo A, Geiser MH, Riva CE. Posture changes and subfoveal choroidal blood flow. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2004;45:546–551
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaeser P, Orgul S, Zawinka C, Reinhard G, Flammer J. Influence of change in body position on choroidal blood flow in normal subjects. Brit J Ophthalmol 2005;89:1302–1305
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sayegh FN, Weigelin E. Functional ophthalmodynamometry. Comparison between dynamometry findings of healthy subjects in sitting and supine positions. Internat J Ophthalmol 1983;187:196–201
   Google Scholar
• Sayegh FN, Weigelin E. Functional ophthalmodynamometry. Comparison between brachial and ophthalmic blood pressure in sitting and supine position. Angiology 1983;34:176–182
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kosnik W, Fikre J, Sekuler R. Visual fixation stability in older adults. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1986;27:1720–1725
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Y, Wey HY, San Emeterio Nateras O, Peng Q, De La Garza BH, Duong TQ. Anatomical, blood oxygenation level-dependent, and blood flow MRI of nonhuman primate (baboon) retina. Magn Reson Med 2011;66:546–554
   Google Scholar
• Nork TM, Kim CB, Shanmuganayagam D, Van Lysel MS, Ver Hoeve JN, Folts JD. Measurement of regional choroidal blood flow in rabbits and monkeys using fluorescent microspheres. Arch Ophthalmol 2006;124:860–868
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gao H, Hollyfield JG. Aging of the human retina. Differential loss of neurons and retinal pigment epithelial cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1992;33:1–17
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song H, Chui TY, Zhong Z, Elsner AE, Burns SA. Variation of cone photoreceptor packing density with retinal eccentricity and age. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2011;52:7376–7384
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Groh MJ, Michelson G, Langhans MJ, Harazny J. Influence of age on retinal and optic nerve head blood circulation. Ophthalmology 1996;103:529–534
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williamson TH, Lowe GD, Baxter GM. Influence of age, systemic blood pressure, smoking, and blood viscosity on orbital blood velocities. Brit J Ophthalmol 1995;79:17–22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris A, Harris M, Biller J, Garzozi H, Zarfty D, Ciulla TA, Martin B. Aging affects the retrobulbar circulation differently in women and men. Arch Ophthalmol 2000;118:1076–1080
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gillies WE, Brooks AM, Scott M, Ryan L. Comparison of colour Doppler imaging of orbital vessels in elderly compared with young adult patients. Austr New Zeal J Ophthalmol 1999;27:173–175
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Duong TQ, Pardue MT, Thule PM, Olson DE, Cheng H, Nair G, et al. Layer-specific anatomical, physiological and functional MRI of the retina. NMR Biomed 2008;21:978–996
   Google Scholar
• Duong TQ. Magnetic resonance imaging of the retina: a brief historical and future perspective. Saudi J Ophthalmol 2001;25:137–143
   Google Scholar
• Duong TQ, Muir ER. Magnetic resonance imaging of the Retina. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2009;53:352–367
   Google Scholar