443
Views
28
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Subfoveal Choroidal Thickness and Axial Length in Preschool Children with Hyperopic Anisometropic Amblyopia

, , &
Pages 954-961 | Received 19 May 2014, Accepted 07 Sep 2014, Published online: 20 Oct 2014

References

  • Shaw DE, Minshull C, Fielder AR, Rosenthal AR. Amblyopia – factors influencing age of presentation. Lancet 1988;332:207–209
  • Woodruff G, Hiscox F, Thompson JR, Smith LK. Factors affecting the outcome of children treated for amblyopia. Eye 1994;8:627–631
  • Attebo K, Mitchell P, Cumming R, Smith W, Jolly N, Sparkes R. Prevalence and causes of amblyopia in an adult population. Ophthalmology 1998;105:154–159
  • Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group. The clinical profile of moderate amblyopia in children younger than 7 years. Arch Ophthalmol. 2002;120:281–287
  • Weakley Jr, David R. The association between nonstrabismic anisometropia, amblyopia, and subnormal binocularity. Ophthalmology 2001;108:163–171
  • Zaka-ur-Rab S. Evaluation of relationship of ocular parameters and depth of anisometropic amblyopia with the degree of anisometropia. Indian J Ophthalmol 2006;54:99–103
  • Sorsby A, Leary GA, Joan Richards M. The optical components in anisometropia. Vision Res 1962;2:43–51
  • Abrahamsson M, Fabian G, Sjöstrand J. A longitudinal study of a population based sample of astigmatic children: II. The changeability of anisometropia. Acta Ophthalmol 1990;68:435–440
  • Almeder LM, Peck LB, Howland HC. Prevalence of anisometropia in volunteer laboratory and school screening populations. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1990;31:2448–2455
  • Abrahamsson M, Sjöstrand J. Natural history of infantile anisometropia. Br J Ophthalmol 1996;80:860–863
  • Deng L, Gwiazda JE. Anisometropia in children from infancy to 15 years. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2012;53:3782–3787
  • Lempert P. The axial length/disc area ratio in anisometropic hyperopic amblyopia: a hypothesis for decreased unilateral vision associated with hyperopic anisometropia. Ophthalmology 2004;111:304–308
  • Lempert P. Optic nerve hypoplasia and small eyes in presumed amblyopia. JAAPOS 2000;4:258–266
  • Smith III EL, Hung LF. The role of optical defocus in regulating refractive development in infant monkeys. Vision Res 1999;39:1415–1435
  • Mutti DO, Mitchell GL, Jones LA, Friedman NE, Frane SL, Lin WK, et al. Axial growth and changes in lenticular and corneal power during emmetropization in infants. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005;46:3074–3080
  • Lepard C. Comparative changes in the error of refraction between fixing and amblyopic eyes during growth and development. Am J Ophthalmol 1975;80:485–490
  • Abrahamsson M, Fabian G, Sjöstrand J. Refraction changes in children developing convergent or divergent strabismus. Br J Ophthalmol 1992;76:723–727
  • Troilo D, Wallman J. The regulation of eye growth and refractive state: an experimental study of emmetropization. Vision Res 1991;31:1237–1250
  • Smith EL, Maguire GW, Watson JT. Axial lengths and refractive errors in kittens reared with an optically induced anisometropia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1980;19:1250–1255
  • Wallman J, Winawer J. Homeostasis of eye growth and the question of myopia. Neuron 2004;43:447–468
  • Wallman J, Wildsoet C, Xu A, Gottlieb MD, Nickla DL, Marran L, et al. Moving the retina: choroidal modulation of refractive state. Vision Res 1995;35:37–50
  • Marzani D, Wallman J. Growth of the two layers of the chick sclera is modulated reciprocally by visual conditions. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1997;38:1726–1739
  • Shelton L, Troilo D, Lerner MR, Gusev Y, Brackett DJ, Rada JS. Microarray analysis of choroid/RPE gene expression in marmoset eyes undergoing changes in ocular growth and refraction. Mol Vis 2008;14:1465–1479
  • Nickla DL, Wildsoet C, Wallman J. Visual influences on diurnal rhythms in ocular length and choroidal thickness in chick eyes. Exp Eye Res 1998;66:163–181
  • Nickla DL, Wildsoet CF, Troilo D. Endogenous rhythms in axial length and choroidal thickness in chicks: implications for ocular growth regulation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001;42:584–588
  • Troilo D, Nickla DL, Wildsoet CF. Choroidal thickness changes during altered eye growth and refractive state in a primate. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2000;41:1249–1258
  • Hung LF, Wallman J, Smith EL 3rd. Vision-dependent changes in the choroidal thickness of macaque monkeys. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2000;41:1259–1269
  • Summers JA. The choroid as a sclera growth regulator. Exp Eye Res 2013;114:120–127
  • Spaide RF, Koizumi H, Pozonni MC. Enhanced depth imaging spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Am J Ophthalmol 2008;146:496–500
  • Ikuno Y, Kawaguchi K, Nouchi T, Yasuno Y. Choroidal thickness in healthy Japanese subjects. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2010;51:2173–2176
  • Ikuno Y, Tano Y. Retinal and choroidal biometry in highly myopic eyes with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2009;50:3876–3880
  • Maruko I, Iida T, Sugano Y, Oyamada H, Akiba M, Sekiryu T. Morphologic analysis in pathologic myopia using high-penetration optical coherence tomography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2012;53:2300–2307
  • Vincent SJ, Collins MJ, Read SA, Carney LG. Retinal and choroidal thickness in myopic anisometropia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2013;54:2445–2456
  • Nishi T, Ueda T, Hasegawa T, Miyata K, Ogata N. Choroidal thickness in children with hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia. Br J Ophthalmol 2014;98:228–232
  • Ruiz-Moreno JM, Flores-Moreno I, Lugo F, Ruiz-Medrano J, Montero JA, Akiba M. Macular choroidal thickness in normal pediatric population measured by swept-source optical coherence tomography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2013;54:353–359
  • Park KA, Oh SY. Analysis of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography in preterm children: retinal layer thickness and choroidal thickness profiles. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2012;53:7201–7207
  • Read SA, Collins MJ, Vincent SJ, Alonso-Caneiro D. Choroidal thickness in childhood. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2013;54:3586–3593
  • Barteselli G, Chhablani J, El-Emam S, Wang H, Chuang J, Kozak I, et al. Choroidal volume variations with age, axial length, and sex in healthy subjects: a three-dimensional analysis. Ophthalmology 2012;119:2572–2578
  • Ikuno Y, Maruko I, Yasuno Y, Miura M, Sekiyu T, Nishida K, et al. Reproducibility of retinal and choroidal thickness measurements in enhanced depth imaging and high-penetration optical coherence tomography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2011;52:5536–5540
  • Mori T, Sugano Y, Maruko I, Hashimoto T, Yago K, Sekiryu T. A comparison between subfoveal choroidal thickness and axial length in preschool children with hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia. ARVO abstract 2013; 3999
  • Birch EE. Amblyopia and binocular vision. Prog Retin Eye Res 2013;33:67–84
  • Ojaimi E, Rose KA, Morgan IG, Smith W, Martin FJ, Kifley A, et al. Distribution of ocular biometric parameters and refraction in a population-based study of Australian children. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005;46:2748–2754
  • Brown EVL. Use-abuse theory of changes in refraction versus biologic theory. Arch Ophthalmol 1942;28:845–850
  • Brown EVL. Comparison of refraction of strabismic eyes with that of nonstrabismic eyes from birth to the twenty-fifth year. Arch Ophthalmol 1950;44:357–361
  • Ramrattan RS, van der Schaft TL, Mooy CM, De Bruijn WC, Mulder PG, De Jong PT. Morphometric analysis of Bruch’s membrane, the choriocapillaris, and the choroid in aging. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1994;35:2857–2864
  • Bruce A, Pacey IE, Bradbury JA, Scally AJ, Barrett BT. Bilateral changes in foveal structure in individuals with amblyopia. Ophthalmology 2013;120:395–403
  • Al-Haddad CE, El Mollayess GM, Mahfoud ZR, Jaafar DF, Bashshur ZF. Macular ultrastructural features in amblyopia using high-definition optical coherence tomography. Br J Ophthalmol 2013;97:318–322
  • Usui S, Ikuno Y, Akiba M, Maruko I, Sekiryu T, Nishida K, et al. Circadian changes in subfoveal choroidal thickness and the relationship with circulatory factors in healthy subjects. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2012;53:2300–2307

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.