Asthma Mortality in Puerto Rico: 1980–2007

References

• Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Mortality data from the National Vital Statistics System. MMWR 1989; 38:119–123.
   Google Scholar
• Redd SC. Asthma in the United States: Burden and current theories. Environ Health Perspect 2002; 110:557–560.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bousquet J, Bousquet PJ, Godard P, Daures J-P. The public health implications of asthma. World Health Organization. Bull World Health Organ 2005; 83:548–554.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beasley R, Smith K, Pearce N, Crane J, Burguess C, Culling C. Trends in asthma mortality in New Zealand, 1908–1986. Med J Aust 1990; 153:366–367.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campell MJ, Cogman GR, Holgate ST, Johnston SL. Age specific trends in asthma mortality in England and Wales, 1983–95: Results of an observational study. BJM 1997; 314:1439–1441.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rodrigo GJ, Rodrigo C, Nannini LJ. Asma casi fatal: ¿entidad clínica o manejo adecuado? Arch Bronconemol 2004; 40:24–33.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mannino DM, Homa DM, Akinbami LJ, Moorman JE, Gwynnc C, Redd SC. Surveillace of asthma–United States, 1980–1999. MMWR 2002; 51:SS–1.
   Google Scholar
• Oganov RG, Maslennikova GY. Asthma mortality in Russia between 1980 and 1989. Eur Respir J 1999; 13:287–289.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beasley R, Pearce N, Crane J. Internationals Trends in Asthma Mortality. The Rising Trends in Asthma. Chiester: Wiley, 1997: 140–156.
   Google Scholar
• Braman S. The global burden of asthma. Chest 2006; 130:4–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wijesinghe M, Weatherall M, Perrin K, Crane J, Beasley R. International trends in asthma mortality rates in the 5- to 34-year age group. Chest 2009; 135:1045–1049.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson DH, Tucker G, Frith P, Appleton S, Ruffin RE, Adams RJ. Trends in hospital admissions and mortality from asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Australia, 1993–2003. Med J Australia 2007; 186:408–411.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blaiss MS. Asthma: Prevalence and economic implications. P&T Digest 2005; 14:610–615.
   Google Scholar
• Oficina del Censo, Junta de Planificación de Puerto Rico. Population estimates. Available at: http://www.censo.gobierno.pr/. Accessed October 6, 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Pérez-Perdomo R, Pérez-Cardona C, Disdier O, Cintrón Y. Prevalence and correlates of asthma in the Puerto Rican population: Behavioral risk factor surveillance system, 2000. J Asthma 2003; 40:465–474.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunninghake GM, Weiss ST, Celedón JC. Asthma in Hispanics. Am J Respir Crit Med 2006; 173:143–163.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Homa D, Mannino D, Lara M. Asthma mortality in US Hispanics of Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban heritage, 1990–1995. Am J Repir Crit Care Med 2000; 161:504–509.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grant EN, Lyttle CS, Weiss KB. The relation of sociodemografic factors and racial/ethnic differences in US asthma mortality. Am J Public Health 2000; 90:1923–1925.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Claudio L, Stingone JA, Godbold J. Prevalence of childhood asthma in urban communities: The impact of ethnicity and income. Ann Epidemiol 2006; 16:332–340.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moorman JE, Ruud RA, Johnson CA, King M, Minor P, Baily C, Scalia MR, Akimbami MD, Center for disease Control and Prevention. National surveillance for asthma-United States, 1980–2004. MMWR, 2007; 56:1–54.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Morgenstern H. Ecologic Studies. In: Rothman KJ, Greenland S, eds. Modern Epidemiology. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven, 1998:459–480.
   Google Scholar
• Rosner B. Fundamentals of Biostatistics. 5th ed. California: Duxbury Press, 2000:98–102.
   Google Scholar
• Kleinbaum DJ, Kupper LL, Muller KE, Nizam A. Applied Regression Analysis and Other Multivariate Methods. 3rd ed. California: Duxbury Press, 1998.
   Google Scholar
• Hosmer DW, Lemeshow S. Applied Logistic Regression. Canada: Wiley, 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Oficina del Censo, Junta de Planificación de Puerto Rico. Public Use Microdata Sample. Available by request to the Puerto Rico Planning Board at June 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. Compressed Mortality File 1979–1998. CDC WONDER Online Database, compiled from Compressed Mortality File CMF 1968–1988, Series 20, No. 2A, 2000 and CMF 1989–1998, Series 20, No. 2E, 2003. Available at http://wonder.cdc.gov/cmf-icd9.html. Accessed July 28, 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. Compressed Mortality File 1999–2006. CDC WONDER On-line Database, compiled from Compressed Mortality File 1999–2006 Series 20 No. 2L, 2009. Available at http://wonder.cdc.gov/cmf-icd10.html. Accessed July 28, 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Aragon T. Package Epitools. 2007. Available at http://www.r-project.org/. Accessed August 2008.
   Google Scholar
• Venables WN, Ripley BD. MASS package V7.2-48, 2009. Available at http://www.r-project.org/. Accessed June 2009.
   Google Scholar
• R Foundation. R Version 2.9.0. Vienna, Austria 2009. Vienna, Austria.
   Google Scholar
• Carter-Pokras OD, Green PJ. Reported asthma among Puerto Rican, Mexican-American, Cubans, 1982 through 1984. Am J Public Health 1993; 83:580–582.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rose D, Mannino DM, Leadered BP. Asthma prevalence among US adults, 1998–2000: Role of Puerto Rican ethnicity and behavioral and geographical factors. Am J Public Health 2006; 96:880–888.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lugogo NL, MacIntyre NR. Life-threatening asthma: Pathophysiology and management. Res Care 2008; 53:726–735.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choudhry S, Ung N, Avila PC, Ziv E, Nazario S, Casal J, Torres A, Gorman JD, Salari K, Rodriguez-Santana JR, Toscano M, Sylvia JS, Alioto M, Castro RA, Salazar M, Gomez I, Fagan JK, Salas J, Clark S, Lilly C, Matallana H, Selman M, Chapela R, Sheppard D, Weiss ST, Ford JG, Boushey HA, Drazen JM, Rodriguez-Cintron W, Silverman EK, Burchard EG. Pharmacogenetic differences in response to albuterol between Puerto Ricans and Mexicans with asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 171; 6:563–570.
   Google Scholar
• Choudhry S, Burchard EG, Borrell LN, Tang H, Gomez I, Naqvi M, Nazario S, Torres A, Casal J, Martinez-Cruzado JC, Ziv E, Avila PC, Rodriguez-Cintron W, Risch NJ. Ancestry-environment interactions and asthma risk among Puerto Ricans. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 174; 10:1088–1093.
   Google Scholar
• Ito Y, Tamakoshi A.,Wakai J, Takagi K, Yamaki K, Ohno Y. Trends in asthma mortality in Japan. J Asthma 2002; 39:633–639.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson R, Miñino AM, Hoyert DL, Rosemberg HM. Comparability of cause of death between ICD-9 and ICD-10: Preliminary estimates. National Vital Statistics Reports 2001; 49: 1–32.
   Google Scholar
• Brunner WM, Ross SK, Johnson JE. Review of the asthma mortality rate for Minnesota residents aged 55 years or older, 2004–2005: When deaths certificate deserves a second look. Prev Chronic Dis 2009; 6. http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/Jul/pdf/08_0154.pdf. Accessed June 26, 2009.
   Google Scholar
• McCoy L, Redelings M, Sorvillo F, Simon P. A multiple cause of death analysis of asthma mortality in the United states, 1990–2000. J Asthma 2005; 42:757–763.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ringbaek T, Seersholm N, Viskum K. Standardise mortality rates in females and males with COPD and asthma. Eur Respir J 2005; 25:891–895.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ng TP, Tan WC. Temporal trends and ethnic variations in asthma mortality in Singapore, 1976–1995. Thorax 1999; 54:990–994.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Connelly CK, Alcock SM, Prescott RJ. Mortality in asthma tics over 15 yrs: A dynamic cohort study from 1983–1998. Eur Respir J 2002; 19:593–598.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• New York State Department of Health, Public Health Information Group Center for Community Health. New York State Asthma Surveillance Summary Report. October 2007. Available at http://www.health.state.ny.us/statistics/ny_asthma/pdf/2007_asthma_surveillance_summary_report.pdf. Accessed May 5, 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Baluga JC, Sueta A, Ceni M. Asthma mortality in Uruguay, 1984–1988. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2001; 87:124–128.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• López-Campo JL, Cayuela A, Rodríguez-Domínguez S, Vigil E. Temporal trends in asthma mortality over 30 years. J Asthma 2008; 45:611–614.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fuhrman C, Jougla E, Uhry Z, Delmas MC. Deaths with asthma in France, 2000–2005: A multiple-cause analysis. J Asthma 2009; 46:402–406.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akinbami LJ. The State of childhood asthma, United States, 1980–2005. Advance data from vital and health statistics. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics, 2006: 381.
   Google Scholar
• Barua P, O'Mahony. Overcoming gaps in the management of asthma in older patients: New insights. Drugs Aging 2005; 22:1029–1059.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Enright P. The diagnosis and management of asthma is much tougher in older patients. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2002; 2:175–181.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wright RJ, Subramanian SV. Advancing a multilevel framework for epidemiology research on asthma disparities. Chest 2005; 132:757–769.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar