Obesity and Poor Asthma Control in Patients with Severe Asthma

References

• Bousquet J, Bousquet PJ, Godard P, Daures JP. The public health implications of asthma. Bull World Heath Organ 2005; 83(7):548–554.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DATASUS [Online]. Brasilia: (Ministry of Health). 2008. Available at: http://www.datasus.gov.br/ (in Portuguese). Accessed February 20, 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Cisternas M, Blanc P, Yen H. A comprehensive study of the direct and indirect costs of adult asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003; 111(6):1212–1218.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Serra-Batlles J, Plaza V, Morehon E, Comella A, Brugues J. Costs of asthma according to the degree of severity. Eur Respir J 1998; 12(6):1322–1326.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cruz AA, Bousquet PJ. The unbearable cost of severe asthma in underprivileged populations. Allergy 2009; 64(3):319–321.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GINA Report. global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention, Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) 2007. Available at: http://www.ginasthma.org. Accessed December 20, 2009.
   Google Scholar
• van Veen IH, Ten Brinke A, Sterk PJ Rabe KF, Bel EH. Airway inflammation in obese and nonobese patients with difficult-to-treat asthma. Allergy 2008; 63(5):570–574.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lessard A, Turcotte H, Cormier Y, Boulet LP. Obesity and asthma: a specific phenotype? Chest 2008; 134(2):317–323.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romieu I, Avenel V, Leynaert B, Kauffmann F, Clavel-Chapelon F. Body mass index, change in body silhouette, and risk of asthma in the E3N cohort study. Am J Epidemiol 2003; 158(2):165–174.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor B, Mannino D, Brown C, Crocker D, Twum-Baah N, Holguin F. Body mass index and asthma severity in the National Asthma Survey. Thorax 2008; 63(1):14–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stenius-Aarniala B, Poussa T, Kvarnström J, Grönlund E-L, Ylikahri M, Mustajoki P. Immediate and long-term effects of weight reduction in obese people with asthma: randomized controlled study. BMJ 2000; 320(7238):827–832.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shore SA. Obesity and asthma: possible mechanisms. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2008; 121(5):1087–1093.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tantisira KG, Weiss ST. Complex interactions in complex traits: obesity and asthma. Thorax 2001; 56(Suppl 2):S64–S74.
   Google Scholar
• Souza-Machado C, Souza-Machado A, Franco R, Ponte EV, Barreto ML, Rodrigues LC, Bousquet J, Cruz AA. Rapid reduction in hospitalizations after an intervention to manage severe asthma. Eur Respir J 2010; 35(3):515–521.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santos Pde M, D'Oliveira A Jr., Noblat Lde A, Machado AS, Noblat AC, Cruz AA. Predictors of adherence to treatment in patients with severe asthma treated at a referral center in Bahia, Brazil. J Bras Pneumol 2008; 34(12):995–1002.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• American Thoracic Society. Standardization of spirometry: 1994 update. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995; 152:1107–1136.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Juniper EF, O'Bryne PM, Guyatt GH, Ferrie PJ, King DR. Development and validation of a questionnaire to measure asthma control. Eur Respir J 1999; 14(4):902–907.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leite M, Ponte EV, Petroni J, D'Oliveira A Jr., Pizzichini E, Cruz AA. Evaluation of the Asthma Control Questionnaire validated for use in Brazil. J Bras Pneumol 2008; 34(10):756–763.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• WHO Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic. Report of a World Health Organization consultation on obesity [Online]. Geneva, Switzerland 2000 (Available at: http://apps.who.int/bmi/index.jsp?introPage=intro_3.html. Accessed December 20, 2009.
   Google Scholar
• NHLBI Obesity Education Initiative Expert Panel. Clinical Guidelines on Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults: The Evidence Report [Online]. Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. 1998. Available at: http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/obesity/ob_gdlns.pdf. Accessed January 5, 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Pereira CAC, Barreto SP, Simões JG, Pereira FWL, Gerstler JG, Nakatani J. Reference values for spirometry in Brazilian adults. J Bras Pneumol 1992; 18(1):10–12.
   Google Scholar
• IBGE [Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics] [Internet]. Nutritional status and accuracy of population estimates. Brasilia: Ministry of Planning, Budget and Management. 2003. Available at: http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/condicaodevida/pof/2002analise/tab03e.pof/Portuguese. Accessed January 3, 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Ronmark E, Andersson C, Nystrom L, Forsberg B, Jarvholm B, Lundback B. Obesity increases the risk of incident asthma among adults. Eur Respir J 2005; 25(2):282–288.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beuther DA, Sutherland ER. Overweight, obesity, and incident asthma: a meta-analysis of prospective epidemiologic studies. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007; 175(7):661–666.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Celedon JC, Palmer LJ, Litonjua AA, Weiss ST, Wang B, Fang Z, Xu X. Body mass index and asthma in adults in families of subjects with asthma in Anqing, China. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001; 164(10):1835–1840.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lavoie KL, Bacon SL, Labrecque M, Carder A, Ditto B. Higher BMI is associated with worse asthma control and quality of life but not asthma severity. Respir Med 2006; 100(4):648–657.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saint-Pierre P, Bourdin A, Chanez P, Daures JP, Godard P. Are overweight asthmatics more difficult to control? Allergy 2006; 61(1):79–84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mosen DM, Schatz M, Magid DJ, Camargo CA Jr.. The relationship between obesity and asthma severity and control in adults. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2008; 122(3):507–511.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eneli IU, Skybo T, Camargo CA Jr.. Weight loss and asthma: a systematic review. Thorax 2008; 63(8):671–676.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aaron SD, Fergusson D, Dent R, Chen Y, Vandemheen KL, Dales RE. Effect of weight reduction on respiratory function and airway reactivity in obese women. Chest 2004; 125(6):2046–2052.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hakala K, Stenius-Aarniala B, Sovijarvi A. Effects of weight loss on peak flow variability, airways obstruction, and lung volumes in obese patients with asthma. Chest 2000; 118(5):1315–1321.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maniscalco M, Zedda A, Faraone S, Cerbone MR, Cristiano S, Giardiello C, Sofia M. Weight loss and asthma control in severely obese asthmatic females. Respir Med 2008; 102(1):102–108.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clerisme-Beaty EM, Karam S, Rand C, Patino CM, Bilderback A, Riekert KA, Okelo SO, Diette GB. Does higher body mass index contribute to worse asthma control in an urban population? J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009; 124(2):207–212.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pelegrino NR, Faganello MM, Sanchez FF, Padovani CR, Godoy I. Relationship between body mass index and asthma severity in adults. J Bras Pneumol 2007; 33(6):641–646.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Thomson CC, Clark S, Camargo CA Jr.. Body mass index and asthma severity among adults presenting to the emergency department. Chest 2003; 124(3):795–802.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shore SA, Fredberg JJ. Obesity, smooth muscle, and airway hyperresponsiveness. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2005; 115(5):925–927.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones RL, Nzekwu MMU. The effects of body mass index on lung volumes. Chest 2006; 130(3):827–833.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shore SA. Obesity and asthma: cause for concern. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2006; 6(3):230–236.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varner AE. An immunologic mechanism for the association between obesity and asthma. Arch Intern Med 2000; 160(15):2395–2396.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kronander UN, Falkenberg M, Zetterstrom O. Prevalence and incidence of asthma related to waist circumference and BMI in a Swedish community sample. Respir Med 2004; 98(11):1108–1116.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Appleton SL, Adams RJ, Wilson DH, Taylor AW, Ruffin RE. Central obesity is associated with nonatopic but not atopic asthma in a representative population sample. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2006; 118(6):1284–1291.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen Y, Rennie D, Cormier Y, Dosman J. Sex specificity of asthma associated with objectively measured body mass index and waist circumference: the Humboldt study. Chest 2005; 128(4):3048–3054.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Del-Rio-Navarro BE, Fanghanel G, Berber A, Sanchez-Reyes L, Estrada-Reyes E, Sienra-Monge JJ. The relationship between asthma symptoms and anthropometric markers of overweight in a Hispanic population. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2003; 13(2):118–123.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Musaad SM, Patterson T, Ericksen M, Lindsey M, Dietrich K, Succop P, Khurana Hershey GK. Comparison of anthropometric measures of obesity in childhood allergic asthma: central obesity is most relevant. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009; 123(6):1321–1327.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ponte EV, Franco R, Nascimento HF, Souza Machado A, Cunha S, Barreto ML, Naspitz C, Cruz AA. Lack of control of severe asthma is associated with co-existence of moderate-to-severe rhinitis. Allergy 2008; 63(5):564–569.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richter JE. Gastroesophageal reflux disease and asthma: the two are directly related. Am J Med 2000; 108(Suppl 4):S153–158.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Harding SM. Gastroesophageal reflux and asthma: insight into the association. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999; 104(2):251–259.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gunnbjornsdottir MI, Omenaas E, Gislason T, Norrman E, Olin AC, Jõgi R, Jensen EJ, Lindberg E, Björnsson E, Franklin K, Janson C, Gulsvik A, Laerum B, Svanes C, Torén K, Tunsäter A, Lillienberg L, Gíslason D, Blöndal T, Björnsdottir US, Jörundsdóttir KB, Talvik R, Forsberg B, Franklin K, Lundbäck B, Söderberg M, Ledin MC, Boman G, Norbäck D, Wieslander G, Spetz-Nyström U, Cashelunge KS, Rydén E, RHINE Study Group. Obesity and nocturnal gastro-esophageal reflux are related to onset of asthma and respiratory symptoms. Eur Respir J 2004; 24(1):116–121.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beuther DA, Weiss ST, Sutherland ER. Obesity and asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2006; 174(2):112–119.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiss ST, Shore S. Obesity and asthma: directions for research. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2004; 169(8):963–968.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar