High Exhaled Nitric Oxide Levels May Predict Bronchial Reversibility in Allergic Children with Asthma or Rhinitis

References

• Global Initiative for Asthma. Pocket Guide for Asthma Management and Prevention. Bethesda, MD: National Hearth, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institute of Health, 1997, NIH Publication No. 96-3659B.
   Google Scholar
• Bousquet J, Khaltaev N, Cruz AA, Denburg J, Fokkens WJ, Togias A, Zuberbier T, Baena-Cagnani CE, Canonica GW, van Weel C, Agache I, Aït-Khaled N, Bachert C, Blaiss MS, Bonini S, Boulet LP, Bousquet PJ, Camargos P, Carlsen KH, Chen Y, Custovic A, Dahl R, Demoly P, Douagui H, Durham SR, van Wijk RG, Kalayci O, Kaliner MA, Kim YY, Kowalski ML, Kuna P, Le LT, Lemiere C, Li J, Lockey RF, Mavale-Manuel S, Meltzer EO, Mohammad Y, Mullol J, Naclerio R, O’Hehir RE, Ohta K, Ouedraogo S, Palkonen S, Papadopoulos N, Passalacqua G, Pawankar R, Popov TA, Rabe KF, Rosado-Pinto J, Scadding GK, Simons FE, Toskala E, Valovirta E, van Cauwenberge P, Wang DY, Wickman M, Yawn BP, Yorgancioglu A, Yusuf OM, Zar H, Annesi-Maesano I, Bateman ED, Ben Kheder A, Boakye DA, Bouchard J, Burney P, Busse WW, Chan-Yeung M, Chavannes NH, Chuchalin A, Dolen WK, Emuzyte R, Grouse L, Humbert M, Jackson C, Johnston SL, Keith PK, Kemp JP, Klossek JM, Larenas-Linnemann D, Lipworth B, Malo JL, Marshall GD, Naspitz C, Nekam K, Niggemann B, Nizankowska-Mogilnicka E, Okamoto Y, Orru MP, Potter P, Price D, Stoloff SW, Vandenplas O, Viegi G, Williams D; World Health Organization; GA(2)LEN; AllerGen. Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) 2008 update (in collaboration with the World Health Organization, GA2LEN and AllerGen). Allergy 2008; 63(Suppl. 86):8–160.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bukstein D, Kraft M, Liu AH. Asthma end points and outcomes what have we learned? J Allergy Clin Immunol 2006; 118:S1–S15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Thoracic Society, European Respiratory Society. ATS/ERS recommendations for standardized procedures for the online and offline measurement of exhaled lower respiratory nitric oxide and nasal nitric oxide 2005. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005; 171:912–930.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lim KG, Mottram C. The use of fraction of exhaled nitric oxide in pulmonary practice. Chest 2008; 133:1232–1242.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pendharkar S, Mehta S. The clinical significance of exhaled nitric oxide in asthma. Can Respir J 2008; 15:99–106.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roadway GW, Chol JY, Hoffman LA, Sethi JM. Exhaled nitric oxide in the diagnosis and management of asthma: clinical implications. Chron Respir Dis 2009; 6:19–29.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ricciardolo FL, Silvestri M, Pistorio A, Strozzi MM, Tosca MA, Bellodi SC, Battistini E, Gardella C, Rossi GA. Determinants of exhaled nitric oxide levels (FeNO) in childhood atopic asthma: evidence for neonatal respiratory distress as a factor associated with low FeNO levels. J Asthma 2010; 47:810–816.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ricciardolo FL. cNOS-iNOS paradigm and arginase in asthma. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2003; 24:560–561.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pellegrino R, Viegi G, Brusasco V, Crapo RO, Burgos F, Casaburi R, Coates A, van der Grinten CP, Gustafsson P, Hankinson J, Jensen R, Johnson DC, MacIntyre N, McKay R, Miller MR, Navajas D, Pedersen OF, Wanger J. Interpretative strategies for lung function tests. Eur Respir J 2005; 26:948–968.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller MR, Hankinson J, Brusasco V, Burgos R, Casaburi R, Coates R, Crapo R, Enright P, van der Grinten CP, Gustafsson P, Jensen R, Johnson DC, MacIntyre N, McKay R, Navajas D, Pedersen OF, Pellegrino R, Viegi G, Wanger J; ATS/ERS Task Force. Standardisation of spirometry. Eur Respir J 2005; 26:319–338.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ciprandi G, Cirillo I, Pistorio A, La Grutta S, Tosca MA. Impact of allergic rhinitis on asthma: effects on bronchodilation test. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2008; 101:42–46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ciprandi G, Signori A, Tosca MA, Cirillo I. Spirometric abnormalities in patients with allergic rhinitis: indicator of an asthma march? Am J Rhinol Allergy 2011; 32:22–28.
   Google Scholar
• Ohkura N, Fujimura M, Tokuda A, Furusho S, Abo M, Katayama N. Evaluation of airway hyperresponsiveness and exhaled nitric oxide as risk factors for airway remodeling in patients with stable asthma. Allergy Asthma Proc 2009; 30:419–423.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ciprandi G, Cirillo I. The lower airway pathology of rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2006; 118:1105–1109.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amorim MM, Araruna A, Caetano LB, Cruz AC, Santoro LL, Fernandes LG. Nasal eosinophilia: an indicator of eosinophilic inflammation in asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2010; 40:867–874.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ciprandi G, Buscaglia S, Pesce GP, Pronzato C, Ricca V, Parmiani S, Bagnasco M, Canonica GW. Minimal persistent inflammation is present at mucosal level in asymptomatic rhinitic patients with allergy due to mites. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1995; 96:971–979.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colon-Semidey AJ, Marshik P, Crowley M, Katz R, Kelly HW. Correlation between reversibility of airway obstruction and exhaled nitric oxide levels in children with stable bronchial asthma. Pediatr Pulmonol 2000; 30:385–392.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Covar RA, Szefler SJ, Martin RJ, Sundstrom DA, Silkoff PE, Murphy J, Young DA, Spahn JD. Relations between exhaled nitric oxide and measures of disease activity among children with mild-to-moderate asthma. J Pediatr 2003; 142:469–475.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zietkowski Z, Bodzenta-Lukaszyk A, Tomasiak MM, Skiepko R, Szmitkowski M. Comparison of exhaled nitric oxide measurement with conventional tests in steroid-naive asthma patients. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2006; 16:239–246.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar