Increased sympathetic modulation and decreased response of the heart rate variability in controlled asthma

References

• Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention, Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) 2012. Available from: http://www.ginasthma.org/
   Google Scholar
• European Society of Cardiology. Heart rate variability: standards of measurement, physiological interpretation and clinical use. Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology. Circulation 1996;93:1043–1065
   Google Scholar
• Sztajzel J. Heart rate variability: a noninvasive electrocardiographic method to measure the autonomic nervous system. Swiss Med Wkly 2004;134:514–522
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garrard CS, Seidler A, McKibben A, McAlpine LE, Gordon D. Spectral analysis of heart rate variability in bronchial asthma. Clin Auton Res 1992;2:105–111
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hashimoto A, Maeda H, Yokoyama M. Augmentation of parasympathetic nerve function in patients with extrinsic bronchial asthma–evaluation by coefficiency of variance of R-R interval with modified long-term ECG monitoring system. Kobe J Med Sci 1996;42:347–359
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shah PK, Lakhotia M, Mehta S, Jain SK, Gupta GL. Clinical dysautonomia in patients with bronchial asthma. Study with seven autonomic function tests. Chest 1990;98:1408–1413
   Google Scholar
• Tsai YS, Lai FC, Chen SR, Jeng C. The influence of physical activity level on heart rate variability among asthmatic adults. J Clin Nurs 2011;20:111–118
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Canning BJ. Reflex regulation of airway smooth muscle tone. J Appl Physiol 2006;101:971–985
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grossman P, Wilhelm FH, Spoerle M. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia, cardiac vagal control, and daily activity. Am J Physiol Heart Circul Physiol 2004;287:H728–734
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katona PG, Jih F. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia: noninvasive measure of parasympathetic cardiac control. J Appl Physiol 1975;39:801–805
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carrasco-Sosa S, Gaitan-Gonzalez MJ, Gonzalez-Camarena R, Yanez-Suarez O. Baroreflex sensitivity assessment and heart rate variability: relation to maneuver and technique. Eur J Appl Physiol 2005;95:265–275
   Google Scholar
• Reis MS, Deus AP, Simoes RP, Aniceto IA, Catai AM, Borghi-Silva A. Autonomic control of heart rate in patients with chronic cardiorespiratory disease and in healthy participants at rest and during a respiratory sinus arrhythmia maneuver. Rev Bras Fisioter 2010;14:106–113
   Google Scholar
• Pereira CAC. Espirometria. J Bras Pneumol 2002;28:82
   Google Scholar
• Neder JA, Nery LE. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing. J Bras Pneumol 2002;28:40
   Google Scholar
• Gomes EL, Sampaio LM, Costa IP, Dias FD, Ferneda VS, Silva GA, Costa D. Analysis of autonomic modulation during maximal and submaximal work rate and functional capacity in asthmatic children. J Asthma 2013;50:613–618
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mendes FA, Almeida FM, Cukier A, Stelmach R, Jacob-Filho W, Martins MA, Carvalho CRF. Effects of aerobic training on airway inflammation in asthmatic patients. Med Sci Sport Exer 2011;43:197–203
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferreira MT. Caracterização do Comportamento Caótico da Variabilidade da Frequência Cardíaca (VFC) em Jovens Saudáveis. TEMA Tend Mat Apl Comput 2010;11:141–151
   Google Scholar
• Tarvainen MP, Niskanen JP, Lipponen JA, Ranta-Aho PO, Karjalainen PA. Kubios HRV–heart rate variability analysis software. Comput Method Prog Biomed 2014;113:210–220
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rossinen J, Partanen J, Stenius-Aarniala B, Nieminen MS. Salbutamol inhalation has no effect on myocardial ischaemia, arrhythmias and heart-rate variability in patients with coronary artery disease plus asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Intern Med 1998;243:361–366
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eryonucu B, Uzun K, Guler N, Bilge M. Comparison of the acute effects of salbutamol and terbutaline on heart rate variability in adult asthmatic patients. Eur Respir J 2001;17:863–867
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jartti TT, Kaila TJ, Tahvanainen KUO, Kuusela TA, Vanto TT, Valimaki IAT. Altered cardiovascular autonomic regulation after salmeterol treatment in asthmatic children. Clin Physiol 1998;18:345–353
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jartti TT, Kuusela TA, Kaila TJ, Tahvanainen KU, Valimaki IA. The dose-response effects of terbutaline on the variability, approximate entropy and fractal dimension of heart rate and blood pressure. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1998;45:277–285
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jartti TT, Kaila TJ, Tahvanainen KU, Kuusela TA, Vanto TT, Valimaki IA. Altered cardiovascular autonomic regulation after 2-week inhaled salbutamol treatment in asthmatic children. Eur J Pediatr 1997;156:883–888
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palatini P, Julius S. Heart rate and the cardiovascular risk. J Hypertens 1997;15:3–17
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stein PK, Reddy, A. Non-linear heart rate variability and risk stratification inn cardiovascular disease. Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J 2005;5:210–220
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Skorodin MS. Beta-adrenergic agonists. Problem Chest 1993;103:1587–1590
   Google Scholar
• Mendes RG, Simões RP, de Souza Melo Costa F, Pantoni CB, Di Thommazo L, Luzzi S, Amaral-Neto O, et al. Left-ventricular function and autonomic cardiac adaptations after short-term inpatient cardiac rehabilitation: a prospective clinical trial. J Rehabil Med 2011;43:720–727
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pincus SM. Approximate entropy as a measure of system complexity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1991;88:2297–2301
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirsch JA, Bishop B. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia in humans: how breathing pattern modulates heart rate. Am J Physiol 1981;241:H620–H629
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stein PK, Nelson P, Rottman JN, Howard D, Ward SM, Kleiger RE, Senior RM. Heart rate variability reflects severity of COPD in PiZ alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency. Chest 1998;113:327–333
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thayer JF, Yamamoto SS, Brosschot JF. The relationship of autonomic imbalance, heart rate variability and cardiovascular disease risk factors. Int J Cardiol 2010;141:122–131
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dekker JM, Crow RS, Folsom AR, Hannan PJ, Liao D, Swenne CA, Schouten EG. Low heart rate variability in a 2-minute rhythm strip predicts risk of coronary heart disease and mortality from several causes: the ARIC study. Atherosclerosis risk in communities. Circulation 2000;102:1239–1244
   Google Scholar
• Hock Ong ME, Lee Ng CH, Goh K, Liu N, Koh ZX, Shahidah N, et al. Prediction of cardiac arrest in critically ill patients presenting to the emergency department using a machine learning score incorporating heart rate variability compared with the modified early warning score. Crit Care 2012;16:R108
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Makikallio TH, Huikuri HV, Makikallio A, Sourander LB, Mitrani RD, Castellanos A, Myerburg RJ. Prediction of sudden cardiac death by fractal analysis of heart rate variability in elderly subjects. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001;37:1395–1402
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tapanainen JM, Thomsen PE, Kober L, Torp-Pedersen C, Makikallio TH, Still AM, Lindgren KS, et al. Fractal analysis of heart rate variability and mortality after an acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 2002;90:347–352
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Algra A, Tijssen JG, Roelandt JR, Pool J, Lubsen J. Heart rate variability from 24-hour electrocardiography and the 2-year risk for sudden death. Circulation 1993;88:180–185
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar