Reducing the Risk of Ventricular Fibrillation by Adding Sodium to Ionic and Non-Ionic Contrast Media with Low Iodine Concentration

References

• Almén T. Effects of metrizamide and other contrast media on the isolated rabbit heart. Acta Radiol. 1973, Suppl. No. 335: 216
   Google Scholar
• Almén T., Lynch P. R., Vinciguerra T. Effects of metrizamide, a new non-ionic contrast medium, on cardiac function during coronary angiography in the dog. Radiology 1975; 115: 59
   Google Scholar
• Carmody R. F., Yang P., Seeger J. F., Capp M. P. Digital subtraction angiography. Update, 1986. Invest. Radiol. 1986; 21: 899
   Google Scholar
• Donadieu A. M., Hartl C., Cardinal A., Bonnemain B. Incidence of ventricular fibrillation during coronary arteriography in the rabbit. A comparative study of isotonic ioxaglate and iohexol. Invest. Radiol. 1987; 22: 106
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fischer H. W., Thomson K. R. Contrast media in coronary arteriography. A review. Invest. Radiol. 1978; 13: 450
   Google Scholar
• Grainger R. Annotation: Radiological contrast media. Clin. Radiol 1987; 38: 3
   Google Scholar
• Hanley P. C., Holmes D. R., Jr, Julsrud P. R., Smith H. C. Use of conventional and newer radiographic contrast agents in cardiac angiography. Prog. Cardiovasc. Dis. 1986; 28: 435
   Google Scholar
• Hayward R., Dawson P. Contrast agents in angiocardiography. Brit. Heart J. 1984; 52: 361
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Higgins C. B. Overview of cardiovascular effects of contrast media. Comparison of ionic and non-ionic media. Invest. Radiol. 1984; 19(Suppl S187)
   Google Scholar
• Kozeny G. A., Murdock D. K., Euler, D. E. et coll. In vivo effects of acute changes in osmolality and sodium concentration on myocardial contractility. Amer. Heart J. 1984; 109: 290
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langendorff O. Untersuchungen am überlebenden Sängetierherzen. Pflügers Arch. Ges. Physiol. 1895; 61: 219
   Google Scholar
• Mc Ewen L. M. The effect on the isolated rabbit heart of vagal stimulation and its modification by cocaine, hexamethonium and ouabain. J. Physiol. 1956; 131: 678
   Google Scholar
• Morris T. W., Hayakawa K., Sahler L. G., Ekholm S. Incidence of fibrillation with isotonic contrast media for intra-arterial coronary digital subtraction angiography. Diagn. Imag. Clin. Med. 1986; 55: 109
   Google Scholar
• Morris T. W., Sahler L. G., Harnish P. P., Violante M. R. Canine model of contrast medium induced fibrillation. Acta Radiol. Diagnosis 1985; 29: 471
   Google Scholar
• Morris T. W., Ventura J. Incidence of fibrillation with dilute contrast media for intra-arterial coronary digital subtraction angiography. Invest. Radiol. 1986; 21: 416
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murdock D. K., Piao Z. E., Euler, D. E. et coll. The use of programmed electrical stimulation to assess the fibrillatory propensity of ionic and non-ionic contrast media. Invest. Radiol. 1985; 20: 579
   Google Scholar
• Newell J. D., Higgins C. B., Kelley M. J., Green C. F., Schmidt W. S., Haigler F. The influence of hyperosmolality on left ventricular contractile state. Disparate effects of nonionic and ionic solutions. Invest. Radiol. 1980; 15: 363
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piao Z. E., Murdock D. K., Hwang M. H., Raymond R. M., Scanlon P. J. The effect of sodium on the fibrillatory propensity of nonionic contrast media. Invest. Radiol. 1987; 22: 895
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trägårdh B., Almén T., Lynch P. Addition of calcium or other cations and of oxygen to ionic and non-ionic contrast media. Effects on cardiac function during coronary arteriography. Invest. Radiol. 1975; 10: 231
   Google Scholar
• Weirich J., Antoni H. Vulnerability of the heart to ventricular fibrillation. Basic mechanisms. The regulation of heart function, H. Rupp. Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, New York 1986; 376
   Google Scholar
• Wolf G. L., Kraft L., Kilzer K. Contrast agents lower ventricular fibrillation threshold. Radiology 1978; 129: 215
   Google Scholar
• Wolf G. L., Mulry C. S., Kilzer K., Kaski P. A. New angiographic agents with less fibrillatory propensity. Invest. Radiol. 1981; 16: 320
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar