References
- Combs SE, Steck I, Schulz-Ertner D, Welzel T, Kulozik AE, Behnisch W, . Long-term outcome of high-precision radiotherapy in patients with brain stem gliomas: Results from a difficult-to-treat patient population using fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy. Radiother Oncol 2009;91:60–6.
- Walker DA, Punt JA, Sokal M. Clinical management of brain stem glioma. Arch Dis Child 1999;80:558–64. [Review].
- Freeman CR, Farmer JP. Pediatric brain stem gliomas: A review. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1998;40:265–71. [Review].
- Louis DN, Ohgaki H, Wiestler OD, Cavenee WK, Burger PC, Jouvet A, . The 2007 WHO classification of tumours of the central nervous system. Acta Neuropathol 2007;114: 97–109. [Review].
- Edwards MS, Prados M. Current management of brain stem gliomas. Pediatr Neurosci 1987;13:309–15. [Review].
- Vesper J, Bolke B, Wille C, Gerber PA, Matuschek C, Peiper M, . Current concepts in stereotactic radiosurgery – a neurosurgical and radiooncological point of view. Eur J Med Res 2009;14:93–101.
- Knab B, Connell PP. Radiotherapy for pediatric brain tumors: When and how. Expert review of anticancer therapy. 2007;7:S69–77.
- Kirsch DG, Tarbell NJ. Conformal radiation therapy for childhood CNS tumors. Oncologist 2004;9:442–50.
- Fuss M, Hug EB, Schaefer RA, Nevinny-Stickel M, Miller DW, Slater JM, . Proton radiation therapy (PRT) for pediatric optic pathway gliomas: Comparison with 3D planned conventional photons and a standard photon technique [In Process Citation]. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1999;45:1117–26.
- Yen CP, Sheehan J, Steiner M, Patterson G, Steiner L. Gamma knife surgery for focal brainstem gliomas. J Neurosurg 2007;106:8–17.
- Hug EB, Muenter MW, Archambeau JO, DeVries A, Liwnicz B, Loredo LN, . Conformal proton radiation therapy for pediatric low-grade astrocytomas. Strahlenther Onkol 2002;178:10–7.
- Swanson EL, Smith A, Morris CG, Galloway TJ, Marcus Jr RB, Amdur R. Long-term outcomes following radiotherapy for ependymoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2009;75(3):S231.
- International Commission on Radiation Units and M. Prescribing, recording, and reporting proton-beam therapy. J ICRU 2007;7:220.
- Siu IM, Tyler BM, Chen JX, Eberhart CG, Thomale UW, Olivi A, . Establishment of a human glioblastoma stemlike brainstem rodent tumor model. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2010;6:92–7.
- Hong S, Kim IH, Wang KC. Outcome and prognostic factors of childhood diffuse brainstem glioma. Cancer Res Treat 2005;37:109–13.
- Dacou-Voutetakis C, Xypolyta A, Haidas S, Constantinidis M, Papavasiliou C, Zannos-Mariolea L. Irradiation of the head. Immediate effect on growth hormone secretion in children. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1977;44:791–4.
- Kaplan AM, Albright AL, Zimmerman RA, Rorke LB, Li H, Boyett JM, . Brainstem gliomas in children. A Children’s Cancer Group review of 119 cases. Pediatr Neurosurg 1996;24:185–92.
- Dunkel IJ, Garvin JH,Jr, Goldman S, Ettinger LJ, Kaplan AM, Cairo M, . High dose chemotherapy with autologous bone marrow rescue for children with diffuse pontine brain stem tumors. Children’s Cancer Group. J Neurooncol 1998;37:67–73.
- Jennings MT, Sposto R, Boyett JM, Vezina LG, Holmes E, Berger MS, . Preradiation chemotherapy in primary high-risk brainstem tumors: Phase II study CCG-9941 of the Children’s Cancer Group. J Clin Oncol 2002;20:3431–7.
- Hua C, Bass JK, Khan R, Kun LE, Merchant TE. Hearing loss after radiotherapy for pediatric brain tumors: Effect of cochlear dose. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2008;72: 892–9.
- Walker GV, Ahmed S, Allen P, Gidley PW, Woo SY, Demonte F, . Radiation-induced middle ear and mastoid opacification in skull base tumors treated with radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2011;81:e819–23.
- Young YH, Cheng PW, Ko JY. A 10-year longitudinal study of tubal function in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma after irradiation. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1997; 123:945–8.
- Mulhern RK, Kepner JL, Thomas PR, Armstrong FD, Friedman HS, Kun LE. Neuropsychologic functioning of survivors of childhood medulloblastoma randomized to receive conventional or reduced-dose craniospinal irradiation: A Pediatric Oncology Group study. J Clin Oncol 1998;16:1723–8.
- Schultz KA, Ness KK, Whitton J, Recklitis C, Zebrack B, Robison LL, . Behavioral and social outcomes in adolescent survivors of childhood cancer: A report from the childhood cancer survivor study. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:3649–56.
- Armstrong GT, Jain N, Liu W, Merchant TE, Stovall M, Srivastava DK, . Region-specific radiotherapy and neuropsychological outcomes in adult survivors of childhood CNS malignancies. Neuro-oncology 2010;12:1173–86.
- Blomstrand M, Brodin NP, Munck Af Rosenschold P, Vogelius IR, Sanchez Merino G, Kiil-Berthlesen A, . Estimated clinical benefit of protecting neurogenesis in the developing brain during radiation therapy for pediatric medulloblastoma. Neuro-oncology 2012;14:882–9.
- Galloway TJ, Indelicato DJ, Amdur RJ, Swanson EL, Smith AA, Marcus RB. Second tumors in pediatric patients treated with radiotherapy to the central nervous system. Am J Clin Oncol 2012;35:279–83.