A phase II study to evaluate lenalidomide in combination with metronomic-dose cyclophosphamide in patients with heavily pretreated classical Hodgkin lymphoma

References

• Josting A, Müller H, Borchmann P, Baars JW, Metzner B, Döhner H, et al. Dose intensity of chemotherapy in patients with relapsed Hodgkin's lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 2010; 28:5074–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moskowitz AJ, Perales MA, Kewalramani T, Yahalom J, Castro-Malaspina H, Zhang Z, et al. Outcomes for patients who fail high dose chemoradiotherapy and autologous stem cell rescue for relapsed and primary refractory Hodgkin lymphoma. Br J Haematol 2009;146:158–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Younes A, Gopal AK, Smith SE, Ansell SM, Rosenblatt JD, Savage KJ, et al. Results of a pivotal phase II study of brentuximab vedotin for patients with relapsed or refractory Hodgkin's lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 2012;30:2183–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu L, Payvandi F, Wu L, Hariri RJ, Man HW, Chen RS, et al. The anti-cancer drug lenalidomide inhibits angiogenesis and metastasis via multiple inhibitory effects on endothelial cell function in normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Microvasc Res 2009;77:78–86.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reddy N, Hernandez-Ilizaliturri FJ, Deeb G, Roth M, Vaughn M, Knight J, et al. Immunomodulatory drugs stimulate natural killer-cell function, alter cytokine production by dendritic cells, and inhibit angiogenesis enhancing the anti-tumour activity of rituximab in vivo. Br J Haematol 2008;140:36–45.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richardson PG, Schlossman RL, Weller E, Hideshima T, Mitsiades C, Davies F, et al. Immunomodulatory drug CC-5013 overcomes drug resistance and is well tolerated in patients with relapsed multiple myeloma. Blood 2002;100:3063–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haslett PA, Hanekom WA, Muller G, Kaplan G. Thalidomide and a thalidomide analogue drug costimulate virus-specific CD-8 + T cells in vitro. J Infect Dis 2003; 187:946–55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang H, Vakil V, Braunstein M, Smith EL, Maroney J, Chen L, et al. Circulating endothelial progenitor cell in multiple myeloma: Implications and significance. Blood 2005;105:3286–94.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colleoni M, Rocca A, Sandri MT, Zorzino L, Masci G, Nolè F, et al. Low-dose oral methotrexate and cyclophosphamide in metastatic breast cancer: Antitumor activity and correlation with vascular endothelial growth factor levels. Ann Oncol 2002;13:73–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Man S, Bocci G, Francia G, Green SK, Jothy S, Hanahan D, et al. Antitumor effects in mice of low-dose (metronomic) cyclophosphamide administered continuously through the drinking water. Cancer Res 2002;62:2731–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young SD, Whissell M, Noble JC, Cano PO, Lopez PG, Germond CJ. Phase II clinical trial results involving treatment with low-dose daily oral cyclophosphamide, weekly vinblastine, and rofecoxib in patients with advanced solid tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2006;12:3092–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blansfield JA, Caragacianu D, Alexander HR, Tangrea MA, Morita SY, Lorang D, et al. Combining agents that target the tumor microenvironment improves the efficacy of anticancer therapy. Clin Cancer Res 2008;14:270–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swerdlow S, Campo E, Harris NL, Jaffe ES, Pileri SA, Stein H, et al. International Agency for Research on Cancer. WHO classification of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissue. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2008.
   Google Scholar
• Cheson BD, Horning SJ, Coiffier B, Shipp MA, Fisher RI, Connors JM, et al. Report of an international workshop to standardize response criteria for non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. J Clin Oncol 1999;17:1244–53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boll B, Borchmann P, Topp MS, Hänel M, Reiners KS, Engert A, et al. Lenalidomide in patients with refractory or multiple relapsed Hodgkin lymphoma. Br J Haematol 2009;148:480–90.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fehniger TA, Larson S, Trinkaus K, Siegel MJ, Cashen AF, Blum KA, et al. A phase 2 multicenter study of lenalidomide in relapsed or refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood 2011;118:5119–25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bartlett NL, Niedzwiecki D, Johnson JL, Friedberg JW, Johnson KB, van Besien K, et al. Gemcitabine, vinorelbine, and pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (GVD), a salvage regimen in relapsed Hodgkin's lymphoma: CALGB 59804. Ann Oncol 2007;18:1071–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moskowitz AJ, Hamlin PA Jr, Perales MA, Gerecitano J, Horwitz SM, Matasar MJ, et al. Phase II study of bendamustine in relapsed and refractory Hodgkin lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 2013;31:456–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar