The Adrenergic Innervation of Arteriovenous Anastomoses in the Subcutaneous Fascia of Rat Skin

References

• Beckett E. B., Bourne G. H., Montagna W. Histology and cytochemistry of human skin. The distribution of cholinesterase in the finger of the embryo and the adult. J Physiol (Lond) 1956; 134: 202
   Google Scholar
• Bostroem B., Schoedel W. Über die Durchblutung der arteriovenösen Anastomosen in den hinteren Extremität des Hundes. Pflug Arch Ges Physiol 1953; 256: 371
   Google Scholar
• Brown G. E. Observations on the surface capillaries in man following cervicothoracic sympathetic ganglionectomy. J Clin Invest 1930; 9: 115
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Clara M. Die arterio-venosen Anastomosen der Vogel und Säugetiere. Erg d Anat u Entw Ges 1927; 27: 246
   Google Scholar
• Clark E. R., Clark E. L. Observation on living arteriovenous anastomoses as seen in transparent chambers introduced into the rabbit's ear. Am J Anat 1934; 54: 229
   Google Scholar
• Converse J. M., McCarthy J. G., Brauer R. O., Ballantyne D. L. Transplantation of skin: Grafts and flaps. Reconstructive Plastic Surgery2nd edn., J. M. Converse. W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, London, Toronto 1977; vol. 1: 152–230, General Principles, chap. 6
   Google Scholar
• Daniel P., Prichard M. Arteriovenous anastomoses in the external ear. Quart J Exp Physiol 1956; 41: 107
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Davis M. T., Greene N. M. Polarographic studies of skin oxygen tension following sympathetic denervation. J Appl Physiol 1959; 14: 961
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gemmell R. T., Hales J. R. S. Cutaneous arteriovenous anastomoses present in the tail but absent from the ear of the rat. J Anat 1977; 124: 355
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Goodman T. F. Fine structure of the cells of the Squet-Hoyer canal. J Invest Dermatol 1972; 59: 363
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Goth A. Medical Pharmacology. Principles and Concepts6th edn. The C. V. Mosby Co., Saint Louis 1972; 89, chap. 8
   Google Scholar
• Grant R. T. Observations on direct communications between arteries and veins in the rabbit's ear. Heart 1930; 15: 281
   Google Scholar
• Grant R. T., Thompson R. H. S. Cholinesterase and the nerve supply to blood vessels in the rabbit external ear. J Anat 1963; 97: 7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gregor M., Janig W., Riedel W. Response pattern of cutaneous postganglionic neurons to the hind limb on spinal cord heating and cooling in the cat. Pflügers Arch 1976; 363: 135
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grosser O. Über arteriovenose Anastomosen an den Extremitatenden beim Manschen und den Krallen tragenden Saugetieren. Arch mikr Anat 1902; 60: 191 K
   Google Scholar
• Gurdijan E. S., Walker L. W. Traumatic vasospastic disease of the hand (white fingers). JAMA 1945; 129: 668
   Google Scholar
• Hale A. R., Burch G. E. The arteriovenous anastomoses and blood vessels of the human finger. Medicine 1960; 39: 191
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hurley H. J., Jr, Mescon H. Cholinergic innervation of the digital arteriovenous anastomoses of human skin: A histological localization of cholinesterase. J Appl Physiol 1956; 9: 82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iima T., Tagawa T. Adrenergic and cholinergic innervation of the arteriovenous anastomosis in the rabbit ear. Anat Rec 1976; 185: 373
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Johansen K. Heat exchange through the muskrat tail. Evidence for vasodilator nerves to the skin. Acta Physiol Scand 1962; 55: 160
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kyösola K., Penttila O., Salaspuro M. Rectal mucosal adrenergic innervation and enterochromaffin cells in ulcerative colitis and irritable colon. Scand J Gastroenterol 1977; 12: 363
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis T. Observations upon the reactions of the vessels of the human skin to cold. Heart 1930; 15: 177
   Google Scholar
• Lindvall O., Björklund A. The glyoxylic acid fluorescence histochemical method: a detailed account of the methodology for the visualization of central catecholamine neurons. Histochemistry 1974; 39: 97
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Luckner H. Die Funktionen der arteriovenosen Anastomosen, Kapillaren und Interstitium. G. Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart 1955; 78–90
   Google Scholar
• Mescon H., Hurley H. J., Moretti G. The anatomy and histochemistry of the arteriovenous anastomosis in human digital skin. J Invest Dermatol 1956; 27: 133
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Palmer S. Sympathetic denervation and reinnervation of cutaneous blood vessels following surgery. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg 1970; 4: 93
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Peacock E. E., Jr. Reconstruction of the hand by the local transfer of composite tissue island flaps. Plast Reconstr Surg 1960; 25: 298
   Google Scholar
• Penttila O., Kyosola K., Partanen S., Merikailio E., Siltanen P. Studies of auricular catecholamines by fluorescence histochemistry in various heart diseases of man. Virchows Arch [Pathol Anat] 1977; 371: 279
   Google Scholar
• Pyykkö I., Hyvärinen J. The physiological basis of the traumatic vasospastic disease: a sympathetic vasoconstriction reflex triggered by high frequency vibration?. Work Environ Hlth 1973; 10: 36
   Google Scholar
• Reinisch J. F. The pathophysiology of skin flap circulation. The delay phenomenon. Plast Reconstr Surg 1974; 54: 585
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Roddie I. C., Shepherd J. T., Whelan R. F. The contribution of constrictor and dilator nerves to the skin vasodilation during body heating. J Physiol (Lond) 1957; 136: 489
   Google Scholar
• Schroeder W. Zur Physiologie der arterio-venosen Anastomosen. Verh Dtsch Ges Kreisl Forsch 1952; 18: 289
   Google Scholar
• Schumacher S. Arterio-venose Anastomosen in den Zehen der Vögel. Arch Mikrosk Anat 1915; 87: 309
   Google Scholar
• Schonung W., Wagner H., Simon E. Neurogenic vasodilatory component in the thermoregulatory skin blood flow response of the dog. Naunyn-Schmiedenberg's Arch Pharmacol 1972; 273: 230
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sherman J. L. Normal arteriovenous anastomoses. Medicine 1963; 42: 247
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tischendorf F. Experimentelle Untersuchungen zur Histo- Biologie der arterio-venosen Anastomosen. Z Mikrosk Anat Forsch 1938; 43: 153
   Google Scholar
• Walder D. N. Arteriovenous anastomoses of the human stomach. Clin Sci 1952; 11: 59
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Walder D. N. The function of the arteriovenous anastomoses in the human stomach. Angiologie 1957; 9: 21
   Google Scholar
• Waris T. Degeneration and regeneration of nerves in a dorsal skin flap in the rat. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg 1978; 12: 95
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waris T., Partanen S. Demonstration of catecholamines in peripheral adrenergic nerves in stretch preparations with fluorescence induced by aqueous solution of glyoxylic acid. Histochemistry 1975; 41: 369
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Waris T., Rechardt L. Histochemically demonstrable catecholamines and cholinesterases in nerve fibres of rat dorsal skin. Histochemistry 1977; 53: 203
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zimmerman B. G. Comparison of sympathetic vasodilator innervation of hindlimb of dog and cat. Am J Physiol 1968; 214: 62
   PubMedGoogle Scholar