Ischemia in Wound Healing I: Design of a Flap Model—Changes in Blood Flow

References

• Adamson J E, Horton C E, Crawford H H. Studies on the action of dimethyl sulfoxide on the experimental pedicle flap. Plast Reconstr Surg 1965; 39: 142–146
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andersen A M, Ladefoged J. Partition coefficient of 133Xenon between various tissues and blood in vivo. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1967; 19: 72–78
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Awward A M, White R J, Webster M HC, Vance J P. The effect of temperature on blood flow in island and free skin flaps: an experimental study. Br J Plast Surg 1983; 36: 373–382
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Baeck S M, Weinberg C-G, Song Y, Park C G, Biller F. Experimental studies in the survival of venous island flaps without arterial inflow. Plast Reconstr Surg 1985; 75: 88–95
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barron J N, Veall N, Arnott D G. The measurement of the local clearance of radioactive sodium in tubed skin pedicles. Br J Plast Surg 1951; 4: 16–27
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Buchanan T J, Walla E W, Williams E S. Studies in radiosodium clearance form the skin in man. Clin Sci 1954; 13: 333–342
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casey B H, Thorburn G D. Biology of the skin and hair growth: The distribution of blood flow in the skin using radioactive Krypton 85 clearance technique, A C Lyne, B F Short. Angus and Robertson, Sidney 1965; 603–615
   Google Scholar
• Daly M J, Henry R E. Quantitative measurement of skin perfusion with xenon-133. J Nucl Med 1980; 21: 156–160
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daniel R K, Kerrigan C L. Skin flaps: An anatomic and hemodynamic approach. Clin Plast Surg 1979; 6: 181–200
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daniel R K, Williams B. The free transfer of skin flaps by microvascular anastomoses. Plast Reconstr Surg 1973; 52: 16–31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DesPrez J D, Kiehn C L. Effects of local hypothermia on pedicle flap tissue. II. Hemodynamic changes. Plast Reconstr Surg 1962; 29: 539–550
   Google Scholar
• Finseth F, Adelberg M G. Prevention of skin flap necrosis by a course of treatment with vasodilator drugs. Plast Reconstr Surg 1978; 61: 738–743
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fogdestam I, Taagehøj Jensen F, Nilsson S K. Delayed primary closure. Blood flow in healing rat incisions. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg 1981; 15: 81–85
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hendel P M, Lilien D L, Buncke H J. A study of the pharmacologic control of blood flow to delayed skin flaps using xenon washout. Part III. Plast Reconstr Surg 1983; 71: 399–407
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kerrigan C L, Rollin K D. Pharmacologic treatment of the failing skin flap. Plast Reconstr Surg 1982; 70: 541–548
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kety S S. Measurement of regional circulation by the local clearance of radioactive sodium. Am Heart J 1949; 38: 321–328
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kety S S. Quantitative measurement of regional circulation by the clearance of radioactive sodium. Am J Med Sci 1948; 215: 352–353
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kjartansson J, Dalsgaard C-J. The anatomy and histology of the cranially based dorsal musculocutaneous flap of the rat. Scand J Plast Reconstr Hand Surg 1988; 22: 223–227
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knight K R, Collopy P A, O'Brien BMcC. Correlation of viability and laser Doppler flowmetry in ischemic flaps. J Surg Res 1987; 43: 444–451
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kristensen J K, Wadskov S. Studies on 133Xe wash-out form human skin: Quantitative measurements of blood flow in normal and corticosteroid-treated skin. J Invest Dermatol 1977; 68: 196–200
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magnusson B C. Ordontogenic keratocysts: a clinical and histological study with special reference to enzyme histochemistry. J Oral Pathol 1978; 7: 8–18
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Marckmann A. Reaction of skin to autotranplantation. Studies on the microcirculation and the biochemical composition in dermis. Munksgaard, Copenhagen 1966
   Google Scholar
• McFarlane R M, de Young G, Henry R A. The design of a pedicle flap in the rat to study necrosis and its prevention. Plast Reconstr Surg 1965; 35: 177–182
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Milton S H. Experimental studies on island flaps. I. The survival length. Plast Reconstr Surg 1971; 48: 574–578
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milton S H. Pedicle skin flap—the fallacy of the length-width ratio. Br J Surg 1970; 57: 502–508
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moretti G. Handbuch der Hautund Geschlechtskrankheiten: The blood vessels of the skin, J Jadassohn. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg 1968; Band 1
   Google Scholar
• Myers B. Understanding flap necrosis. Plast Reconstr Surg 1986; 78: 813–814
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nathanson S E, Jackson R T. Blood flow measurements in skin flaps. Arch Otolaryngol 1975; 101: 354–357
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Palmer B. Factors influencing the elimination rate of 133Xenon injected intracutaneously. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg 1972; 6: 1–5
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Palmer B, Jurell G, Norberg K-A. The blood flow in experimental skin flaps in rats studied by means of the 133Xenon clearance method. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg 1972; 6: 6–12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quirinia A, Viidik A. Ischemia in wound healing II: Design of a flap model—Biomechanical properties. Scand J Plast Reconstr Hand Surg, in press
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sejrsen P. Blood flow in cutaneous tissue in man studied by washout of radioactive xenon. Cric Res 1969; 25: 215–229
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sejrsen P. Cutaneous blood flow in man studied by freely diffusible radioactive indicators. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1967; 93: 52–59, Suppl
   Google Scholar
• Sejrsen P. Measurement of cutaneous blood flow by freely diffusible radioactive isotopes. Methodological studies on washout of krypton-85 and xenon-133 from cutaneous tissues in man. Dan Med Bull 1971; 18, Suppl 3
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sloan G M, Reinisch J F. Flap physiology and the prediction of flap viability. Hand Clin 1985; 1: 609–619
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stell P M. The viability of skin flaps. Ann Roy Coll Surg Eng 1977; 59: 236–241
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsuchida Y. Age-related changes in skin blood flow at four anatomic sites of the body in males studied by xenon-133. Plast Reconstr Surg 1990; 85: 556–561
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tønnesen K H, Sejrsen P. Comparison of bolus injection to directly measured blood flow in the isolated gastroc-nemius muscle. Circ Res 1967; 20: 552–564
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waterhouse N, Finney R, Griffiths R W, Richardson R B. Observations on dermal blood flow as reflected by Technetium-99m pertechnetate clearance. Br J Plast Surg 1986; 39: 312–320
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Young C MA. The revascularization of pedicle skin flaps in pigs: A functional and morphologic study. Plast Reconstr Surg 1982; 70: 455–464
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young C MA, Hopewell J W. The evaluation of an isotope clearance technique in the dermis of the pig skin: A correlation of functional and morphological parameters. Microvasc Res 1980; 20: 182–194
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young C MA, Hopewell J W. The isotope clearance technique for measuring skin blood flow. Br J Plast Surg 1983; 36: 222–230
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zierler K L. Equations for measuring blood flow by external monitoring for radioisotopes. Circ Res 1965; 16: 309–321
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zweifach B W. The Human Integument: Structural aspects and hemodynamics of micro-circulation in the skin, S Rothman. The American Association for the Advancement of Science, Washington D.C. 1959; 67–76
   Google Scholar