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Scandinavian Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand Surgery Volume 31, 1997 - Issue 3
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Original Article

Limits for the use of forehead flaps for small and extensive midface reconstructions including septum/columella reconstructions

JØRn Larsen Department of Plastic Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
Pages 229-237 | Accepted 02 Dec 1996, Published online: 08 Jul 2009

References

  • Apesos J, Perofsky H J. The expanded forehead flap for nasal reconstruction. Ann Plast Surg 1993; 5: 411–416
  • Barron J N, Emmett J J. Subcutaneous pedicle flaps. Br J Plast Surg 1965; 18: 51–65
  • Bolton L L, Chandrasekhar B, Gottlieb M E. Forehead expansion and total nasal reconstruction. Ann Plast Surg 1988; 21: 210–216
  • Burget G C, Menick F J. Nasal reconstruction: seeking a fourth dimension. Plast Reconstr Surg 1986; 78: 145–157
  • Burget G C, Menick F J. Nasal support and lining: the marriage of beauty and blood supply. Plast Reconstr Surg 1989; 84: 189–203
  • Converse J M, Wood-Smith D. Experiences with the forehead island flap with a subcutaneous pedicle. Plast Reconstr Surg 1963; 31: 521–527
  • Earley M J, Chantarasak N D. The transverse forked flap in columella reconstruction. Br J Plast Surg 1989; 42: 270–273
  • Kaplan I. Reconstruction of the columella. Br J Plast Surg 1972; 25: 37–38
  • Kernahan D A, Littlewood H M. Experience in the use of arterial flaps about the face. Plast Reconstr Surg 1961; 28: 207–213
  • Mangold U, Lierse W, Pfeifer G. Die Arterien der Stirn als Grundlage des Nasenersatzes mit Stirnlappen. Acta Anat (Basel) 1980; 107: 18–25
  • Mazzola R F, Marcus S. History of total nasal reconstruction with particular emphasis on folded forehead flap technique. Plast Reconstr Surg 1983; 72: 408–414
  • McCarthy J G, Lorenc Z P, Cutting C, Racheskey M. The median forehead flap revisited: the blood supply. Plast Reconstr Surg 1985; 76: 866–869
  • McGregor I A. The temporal flap in intra-oral cancer: its use in repairing the post-excisional defect. Br J Plast Surg 1963; 16: 318–335
  • Millard D R. Reconstructive rhinoplasty for the lower two-thirds of the nose. Plast Reconstr Surg 1976; 57: 722–728
  • Paletta F X, van Norman R T. Total reconstruction of the columella. Plast Reconstr Surg 1962; 30: 322–328
  • Saad M N, Barren J N. Reconstruction of the columella with alar margin flaps. Br J Plast Surg 1980; 33: 427–429
  • Vecchione T R. Columella reconstruction using internal nasal vestibular flaps. Br J Plast Surg 1980; 33: 399–403
  • Washio H. Retroauricular-temporal flap. Plast Reconstr Surg 1969; 43: 162–166

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