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Original Article

Air-Radiated Sound from Bone Vibration Transducers and Its Implications for Bone Conduction Audiometry

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Pages 86-99 | Published online: 12 Oct 2009

References

  • American National Standard. ANSI 1969; S3: 6, (.Specification for audiometers.
  • Bell I., Goodsell S., Thornton A. R. D. Bone conduction artefacts. Brit. J. Audiol. 1980; 14(No. 3)73–75
  • Berry B. F., John A. J., Shipton M. S. A computer controlled audiometry system. Institute of Acoustics, Spring conference, 1979; P3, Paper
  • Brammer A. J., Piercy J. E. Monitoring sound pressures within the ear: Application to noise exposure. J. Acoust. Soc., Am. 1977; 61: 731–738
  • British Standard. A reference zero for the calibration of pure-tone audiometers: Normal threshold of hearing for pure-tones by bone conduction. 1972, BS 2497, Part 4.
  • British Standard. Pure-tone audiometers. 1958, BS 2980.
  • British Standard. An artificial mastoid for the calibration of bone vibrators used in hearing aids and audiometers. 1975, BS 4009.
  • British Standard. An acoustic coupler (IEC reference type), for the calibration of earphones used in audiometers. 1971, BS 4668.
  • Hood J. D. Clinical implications in calibration requirements in bone conduction standardisation. Brit. J. Audiol. 1979; 13: 36–42
  • International Electrotechnical Commission. IEC provisional reference coupler for the calibration of earphones used in audiometry. IEC Publication 303. 1970
  • International Electrotechnical Commission. An IEC mechanical coupler for the calibration of bone vibrators having a specified contact area and being applied with a specified static force. IEC Publication 373. 1971
  • International Electrotechnical Commission. Audiometers. IEC Publication 645. 1979
  • International Organization for Standardization. Normal equal-loudness contours for pure tones and normal threshold of hearing under free-field listening conditions. 1961, ISO R226.
  • International Organization for Standardization. Standard reference zero for calibration of pure-tone audiometers. 1975, ISO 389.
  • Lightfoot G. R. Air-borne radiation from bone conduction transducers. Brit. J. Audiol. 1979; 13: 53–56
  • Lybarger S. F. 1979, Private communication.
  • Robinson D. W. Statistical aspects of the relation between binaural and monaural thresholds. Acustica 1961; 11: 35–41
  • Whittle L. S. Problems of calibration in bone conduction. Sound 1970; 4: 35–41

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