43
Views
6
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

The caloric stimulus: mechanisms of heat transfer

Pages 87-94 | Published online: 12 Oct 2009

References

  • Bárány R. Untersuchungen über den vom Vestibular-apparat des Ohres reflektorisch ausgelösten rhythmischen Nystagmus und seine Begleiterscheinungen. Monatsschr f Ohrenh 1906; 40: 193–297
  • Coats A C, Smith S Y. Body position and the intensity of caloric nystagmus. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh) 1967; 63: 515–32
  • Dohlman G F. Critical review of the concept of cupula function. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh) 1980; 1–30, Suppl 376
  • Fernandez C, Goldberg J M. Physiology of peripheral neurons innervating semicircular canals of the squirrel monkey. II: Response to sinusoidal stimulation and dynamics of peripheral vestibular system. J Neurophysiol 1971; 34: 661–75
  • Fernandez C, Goldberg J M. Physiology of peripheral neurons innervating otolith organs of the squirrel monkey. I: Response to static tilts and to long-duration centrifugal force. J Neurophysiol 1976; 39: 970–84
  • Gentine A, Eichhorn J L, Kopp C, Conraux C. Modelling the action of caloric stimulation of the vestibule III. Caloric nystagmus induced by osmotic pressure variation. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh) 1991; 111: 463–7
  • Harrington J W. Caloric stimulation of the labyrinth - experimental observations. Laryngoscope 1969; 79: 777–93
  • Hood J D. Persistence of response in the caloric test. Aerospace Med 1973; 44: 444–9
  • Hood J D. Evidence of direct thermal action upon the vestibular receptors in the caloric test. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh) 1989; 107: 161–5
  • Igarashi M. Dimensional study of the vestibular apparatus. Laryngoscope 1967; 77: 1806–17
  • McLeod M E, Meek JC. A threshold caloric test—results in normal subjects. US Naval School Aviation Med 1962, NASS A R-47.
  • O'Neill G. The caloric stimulus — temperature generation within the temporal bone. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh) 1987; 103: 266–72
  • O'Neill G, Colhoun E N, Francis K R, Chui P, Hayward C. The influence of temporal bone anatomical variation upon the caloric stimulus. Clin Otolaryngol 1987; 12: 277–82
  • Oman C M, Young L R. The physiological range of pressure difference and cupula deflections in the human semicircular canal. Acta Otolarvngol (Stockh) 1972; 74: 324–31
  • Proctor L R. The effect of variations in temporal bone structure upon the caloric response. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh) 1982; 94: 253–9
  • Schmaltz G. The physical phenomena occurring in the semicircular canals during rotatory and thermic stimulation. J Laryngol Otol 1932; 47: 35–62
  • Steinhausen W. Uber den Nachweis der Bewegung der Cupula in der intakten Bogengangsampulle des Labyrinthes bei der naturlichen rotatorischen und calorischen Reizung. Pflugers Arch Ges Physiol 1931; 228: 322–8
  • Van Egmond A AJ, Groen J. J, Jongkees L BW. The mechanics of the semicircular canal. J Physiol 1949; 110: 1–17
  • Wilson V J, Melvill Jones G. Mammalian Physiology. Plenum Press, New York 1979; 41–54
  • Young J H. Analysis of vestibular system responses to thermal gradients induced in the temporal bone. PhD Thesis. University of Michigan. 1972
  • Zangemeister W H, Bock O. The influence of pneumatization of mastoid bone on caloric nystagmus response. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh) 1979; 88: 105–9

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.