Expression Analysis of Angiogenic Growth Factors and Biological Axis CXCL12/CXCR4 Axis in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

REFERENCES

• Katzenstein, A.L. and Myers, J.L. (1998). Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: clinical relevance of pathologic classification. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care. Med., 157, 1301–1315.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antoniou, K.M., Pataka, A., Bouros, D., and Siafakas, N.M. (2007). Pathogenetic pathways and novel pharmacotherapeutic targets in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Pulm. Pharmacol. Ther., 20, 453–461.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bouros, D. and Antoniou, K.M. (2005). Current and future therapeutic approaches in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Eur. Respir. J., 26, 693–702.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society. (2002). International multidisciplinary consensus classification of the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care. Med., 165, 277–304.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Selman, M., King, T.E., and Pardo, A. (2001). Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: prevailing and evolving hypotheses about its pathogenesis and implications for therapy. Ann. Intern. Med., 134, 136–151.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, B., Sharpe, E.E., Maupin, A.B., Teleron, A.A., Pyle, A.L., Carmeliet, P., and Young, P.P. (2006). VEGF and PlGF promote adult vasculogenesis by enhancing EPC recruitment and vessel formation at the site of tumor neovascularization. FASEB J., 20, 1495–1497.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Folkman, J. (1990). What is the evidence that tumors are angiogenesis dependent? J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 82, 4–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carmeliet, P. and Jain, R.K. (2000). Angiogenesis in cancer and other diseases. Nature 407, 249–257.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoshino, M., Nakamura, Y., and Hamid, Q.A. (2001). Gene expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors and angiogenesis in bronchial asthma. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 107, 1034–1038.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siafakas, N.M., Antoniou, K.M., and Tzortzaki, E.G. (2007). Role of angiogenesis and vascular remodeling in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int. J. Chron Obstruct. Pulmon. Dis., 2, 453–462.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tzouvelekis, A., Anevlavis, S., and Bouros, D. (2006). Angiogenesis in interstitial lung diseases: a pathogenetic hallmark or a bystander? Respir. Res., 7, 82.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Renzoni, E.A. (2004). Neovascularization in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: too much or too little? Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care. Med., 169, 1179–1180.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keane, M.P. (2004). Angiogenesis and pulmonary fibrosis. Feast or famine? Editorial. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 170, 207.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krein, P.M. and Winston, B.W. (2002). Roles for insulin-like growth factor I and transforming growth factor-beta in fibrotic lung disease. Chest, 122, 289S–293S.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lappi-Blanco, E., Soini, Y., Kinnula, V., and Paakko, P. (2002). VEGF and bFGF are highly expressed in intraluminal fibromyxoid lesions in bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia. J. Pathol., 196, 220–227.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coker, R.K., Laurent, G.J., Shahzeidi, S., Lympany, P.A., du Bois, R.M., Jeffery, P.K., and McAnulty, R.J. (1997). Transforming growth factors-beta 1, -beta 2, and -beta 3 stimulate fibroblast procollagen production in vitro but are differentially expressed during bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. Am. J. Pathol., 150, 981–991.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang, B., Vu, M., Booker, T., Santner, S.J., Miller, F.R., Anver, M.R., and Wakefield, L.M. (2003). TGF-beta switches from tumor suppressor to prometastatic factor in a model of breast cancer progression. J. Clin. Invest., 112, 1116–1124.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wakefield, L.M. and Roberts, A.B. (2002). TGF–beta signaling: positive and negative effects on tumorigenesis. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev., 12, 22–29.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keane, M.P., Arenberg, D.A., Lynch, J.P. 3rd, Whyte, R.I., Iannettoni, M.D., Burdick, M.D., Wilke, C.A., Morris, S.B., Glass, M.C., DiGiovine, B., Kunkel, S.L., and Strieter, R.M. (1997). The CXC chemokines, IL-8 and IP-10, regulate angiogenic activity in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. J. Immunol., 159, 1437–1443.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Belperio, J.A., Keane, M.P., Arenberg, D.A., Addison, C.L., Ehlert, J.E., Burdick, M.D., and Strieter, R.M. (2000). CXC chemokines in angiogenesis. J. Leukoc. Biol., 68, 1–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strieter, R.M. , Starko, K.M. , Enelow, R.I., Noth, I., and Valentine, V.G. (2004). Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Biomarkers study group effects of interferon gamma-1b on biomarker expression in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 170, 133–140.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bouros, D., Antoniou, K.M., and Siafakas, N.M. (2005). Does interferon gamma-1b therapy improve survival in IPF via an angiogenetic pathways? Chest (personal communication).
   Google Scholar
• Antoniou, K.M., Alexandrakis, M.G., Sfiridaki, K., Tsiligianni, I., Perisinakis, K., Tzortzaki, E.G., Siafakas, N.M., and Bouros, D.E. (2004). Th1 cytokine pattern (IL-12 and IL-18) in BALF before and after treatment with interferon gamma-1b (IFN-g-1b) or colchicine in patients with in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF/UIP). Sarcoidosis Vasc. Diffuse Lung. Dis., 21, 105–110.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lama, V.N. and Phan, S.H. (2006). The extrapulmonary origin of fibroblasts: stem/progenitor cells and beyond. Proc. Am. Thorac. Soc., 3, 373–376.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Soulitzis, N., Karyotis, I., Delakas, D., and Spandidos, D.A. (2006). Expression analysis of peptide growth factors VEGF, FGF2, TGFB1, EGF and IGF1 in prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Int. J. Oncol., 29, 305–314.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turner-Warwick, M. (1963). Precapillary systemic pulmonary anastomoses. Thorax., 18, 225–237.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cosgrove, G.P., Brown, K.K., Schiemann, W.P., Serls, A.E., Parr, J.E., Geraci, M.W., Schwarz, M.I., Cool, C.D., and Worthen, G.S. (2004). Pigment epitheliumderived factor in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a role in aberrant angiogenesis. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 170, 242–251.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Renzoni, E.A., Walsh, D.A., Salmon, M., Wells, A.U., Sestini, P., Nicholson, A.G, Veeraraghavan, S., Bishop A.E., Romanska, H.M., Pantelidis, P., Black, C.M., and Du Bois, R.M. (2003). Interstitial vascularity in fibrosing alveolitis. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 167, 438–443.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keane, M.P., Belperio, J.A., Burdick, M.D., Lynch, J.P., Fishbein, M.C., and Strieter, R.M. (2001). ENA-78 is an important angiogenic factor in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care. Med., 164, 2239–2242.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ebina, M., Shimizukawa, M., Shibata, N., (2004). Heterogeneous increase in CD34-positive alveolar capillaries in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care. Med., 169, 1203–1208.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antoniou, K.M., Tzouvelekis, A., Alexandrakis, M.G., Sfiridaki, K., Tsiligianni, I., Rachiotis, G., Tzanakis, N., Bouros, D., Milic-Emili, J., and Siafakas, N.M. (2006). Different angiogenic activity in pulmonary sarcoidosis and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Chest, 130, 982–988.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blau, H.M. and Banfi, A. (2001). The well-tempered vessel. Nat. Med., 7, 532–534.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Semenza, G.L. (2001). Regulation of hypoxia-induced angiogenesis: a chaperone escorts VEGF to dance. J. Clin. Invest., 174, 71–76.
   Google Scholar
• Willis, B.C., du Bois, R.M., and Borok, Z. (2006). Epithelial origin of myofibroblasts during fibrosis in the lung. Proc. Am. Thorac. Soc., 3, 377–382. Review.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Selman, M., Pardo, A., and Kaminski, N. (2008). Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: aberrant recapitulation of developmental programs? PLoS Med., 5, e62.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Königshoff, M. and Eickelberg, O. (2009 Mar 27). WNT Signaling in lung disease: a failure or a regeneration signal? Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., [Epub ahead of print].
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Frankel, S.K., Moats-Staats, B.M., Cool, C.D., Wynes, M.W., Stiles, A.D., and Riches, D.W. (2005). Human insulin-like growth factor-IA expression in transgenic mice promotes adenomatous hyperplasia but not pulmonary fibrosis. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol., 288, L805–L812.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bloor, C.A., Knight, R.A., Kedia, R.K., Spiteri, M.A., and Allen, J.T. (2001 Jul 15). Differential mRNA expression of insulin-like growth factor-1splice variants in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and pulmonary sarcoidosis. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care. Med., 164, 265–272.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krein, P.M., Sabatini, P.J., Tinmouth, W., Green, F.H., and Winston, B.W. (2003). Localization of insulin-like growth factor-I in lung tissues of patients with fibroproliferative acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care. Med., 167, 83.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aston, C., Jagirdar, J., Lee, T.C., Hur, T., Hintz, R.L., and Rom, W.N. (1995). Enhanced insulin-like growth factor molecules in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care. Med., 151, 1597.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inoue, Y., King, T.E. Jr., Tinkle, S.S., Dockstader, K., and Newman, L.S. (1996). Human mast cell basic fibroblast growth factor in pulmonary fibrotic disorders. Am. J. Pathol., 149, 2037.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ishii, Y., Fujimoto, S., and Fukuda, T. (2006). Gefitinib prevents bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in mice. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care. Med., 174, 550–556.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strieter, R.M., Gomperts, B.N., and Keane, M.P. (2007). The role of CXC chemokines in pulmonary fibrosis. J. Clin. Invest., 117, 549–556.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mehrad, B., Burdick, M.D., Zisman, D.A., Keane, M.P., Belperio, J.A., and Strieter, R.M. (2007). Circulating peripheral blood fibrocytes in human fibrotic interstitial lung disease. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 353, 104–108.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillips, R.J., Burdick, M.D., Hong, K., Lutz, M.A., Murray, L.A., Xue, Y.Y., Belperio, J.A., Keane, M.P., and Strieter, R.M. (2004). Circulating fibrocytes traffic to the lungs in response to CXCL12 and mediate fibrosis. J. Clin. Invest., 114, 438–446.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar