Ultrastructure, Morphology and Crystal Growth of Biogenic and Synthetic Apatites

References

• Addadi L., Weiner S. Interactions between acidic proteins and crystals: Sterochemical requirements for biomineralization. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1985; 82: 4110–4114
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ascenzi A., Bigi A., Koch M. H. J., Ripamonti A., Roveri N. A low angle X-ray diffraction analysis of osteonic inorganic phase using synchrotron radiation. Calcif. Tiss. Int. 1985; 37: 659–664
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barone J. P. The role of hydroxyapatite in biological systems. The Role of Calcium in Biological Systems, L. J. Anghileri, A. M. Tuffet-Anghileri. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 1982; Vol. 1: 28–40
   Google Scholar
• Berthet-Colominas C., Miller A., White S. W. A structural study of calcifying collagen in turkey leg tendon. J. Mol. Biol. 1979; 134: 431–434
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brès E. E, Barry J. C., Hutchinson J. L. High-resolution microscope and computed images of human tooth enamel crystals. J. Ultrastruct. Res. 1985; 90: 261–274
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chen R S., Toribara T. Y., Warner H. Microdetermination of phosphorus. Analyt. Chem. 1956; 28: 1756–1758
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooper R. R., Misol S. Tendon and ligament insertion, a light and electron microscopic study. J. Bone Joint Surgery 1970; 52A: 1–21
   Google Scholar
• Cuisinier E, Brès E. E, Hemmerle J., Voegel J. C., Frank R. M. Transmission electron microscopy of lattice planes in human alveolar bone apatite crystals. Calcif. Tiss. Int. 1987; 40: 332–338
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elliott J. C. The problems of the composition and structure of the mineral components of the hard tissues. Clin. Orthop. 1973; 93: 313–345
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Engström A. Apatite-collagen organization in calcified tendon. Expl. Cell. Res. 1966; 43: 241–245
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fisher L. W., Termine J. D. Non-collagenous proteins influencing the local mechanisms of calcification. Clin. Orthop. 1985; 200: 362–385
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glimcher M. J. Recent studies of the mineral phase of bone and its possible linkage to the organic matrix by protein-bound phosphate bonds. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Land. B 1984; 304: 479–508
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hulmes D. J. S., Miller A. Quasi-hexagonal packing in collagen fibrils. Nature 1979; 282: 878–880
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hulmes D. J. S., Jesior J. C., Miller A., Berthet-Colominas C., Wolff C. Electron microscopy shows periodic structure in collagen cross sections. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1981; 78: 3567–3571
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hutchinson J. L., Jefferson D. A., Thomas J. M. The ultrastructure of minerals as revealed by high resolution electron microscopy. Chem. Soc. Specialists Report in Surface arid Defect Properties of Solids 1977; 6: 320–358
   Google Scholar
• Jackson S. A., Cartwright A. G., Lewis D. The morphology of bone mineral crystals. Calcif. Tiss. Int. 1978; 25: 217–222
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katz E., Li S. T. Structure and function of bone collagen fibrils. J. Mol. Biol. 1973; 80: 1–15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kerebel B., Daculsi C., Verbaere A. High resolution electron microscopy and crystallographic studies of some biologic apatites. J. Ultrastruct. Res. 1976; 57: 266–275
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Landis W. J. Temporal sequence of mineralization in calcifying turkey leg tendon. The Chemistry and Biology of Mineralized Tissues, W. T. Butler. Ebsco Media Inc., Birmingham, AL 1985; 360–369
   Google Scholar
• Lees S., Escoubes M. Vapour pressure isotherms, composition and density of hyperdense bones of horse, whale and porpoise. Conn. Tiss. Res. 1987; 16: 305–322
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lees S., Prostak K. The locus of mineral crystallites in bone. Conn. Tiss. Res. 1988; 18: 41–54
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mann S. The study of biominerals by high resolution electron microscopy. Scann. Microsc. 1986; II: 393–413
   Google Scholar
• Mann S. Molecular recognition in biomineralisation. Nature 1988; 332: 119–124
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller A. Collagen: the organic matrix of bone. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 1984; 304: 455–477
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moradian-Oldak J., Addadi L., Weiner S. Interactions between acidic macromolecules and phosphate-containing crystals. Relevance to apatite crystal formation. Calcif. Tiss. Int. 1989; 44: S-93, suppl.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nelson D. G. A., McLean J. D., Sanders J. V. A high resolution electron microscope study of synthetic and biological carbonated apatites. J. Ultrastruct. Res. 1983; 84: 1–15
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nylen M. U., Scott D. B., Mosley D. B. Mineralization of turkey leg tendon: II Collagen-mineral relations revealed by electron and X-ray microscopy. Calcification in Biological Systems, R. E Sogannes, 1969; 129–142, Publ. No. 64, Am. Assoc. Adv. Sci.
   Google Scholar
• Okazaki M., Aoba T, Doi Y., Takahashi J., Moriwaki Y. Solubility and crystallinity in relation to fluoride content of fluoridated hydorxyapatites. J, Dent. Res. 1981; 60: 845–849
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robinson R. Bone tissue: Composition and Function. The Johns Hopkins Medical Journal 1979; 145: 10–24
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sakae T, Mishima H., Kozawa Y. Changes in bovine dentin mineral with sodium hypochlorite treatment. J. Dent. Res. 1988; 67: 1229–1234
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Selvig K. Periodic lattice images of hydroxyapatite crystals in human bone and dental hard tissues. Calcif. Tiss. Res. 1970; 6: 227–238
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sparks N. H. C., Motta P J., Shellis R, Wade V J. An analytical electron microscopic study of iron-rich teeth from butterfly fish (Chaetodon ornatissimus). J. Exp. Biol. 1990, in press
   Google Scholar
• Spector M. High resolution electron microscope study of lattice images in biological apatites. J. Microscopy 1975; 103: 55–62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tyler J. E., Comer J. E. A. Novel ion-selective electrode system for the simultaneous determination of fluoride and calcium in acid solution. Analyst 1985; 110: 15–18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Traub W., Jodaikin A., Weiner S. Diffraction studies of enamel protein-mineral structural relations. The Chemistry and Biology of Mineralised Tissues, W. T. Butler. Ebsa Media Inc, Birmingham, AL 1983; 221–225
   Google Scholar
• Veis A., Sabsay B. The collagen of mineralised tissues. Bone and Mineral Research, W. A. Peck. Elsevier Science. 1987; vol. 5: 1–63
   Google Scholar
• Voegel J. C., Frank R. M. Ultrastructural study of apatite crystal dissolution in human dentine and bone. J. Biol. Buccale 1977; 5: 181–194
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Weiner S. Organization of extracellularly mineralized tissues: A comparative study of biological crystal growth. CRC Crir. Rev. Biochem. 1986; 20: 365–40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiner S., Price P A. Disaggregation of bone into crystals. Calcif. Tiss. Int. 1986; 39: 365–375
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiner S., Traub W. Organization of hydroxyapatite crystals within collagen fibrils. FEBS 1986; 206: 262–266
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White S. W., Hulmes D. J. S., Miller A. Collagen-mineral axial relationship in calcified turkey tendon by X-ray and neutron diffraction. Nature 1977; 266: 421–425
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams R. J.P. An introduction to biominerals and the role of organic molecules in their formation. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Land., B. 1984; 304: 411–424
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young R. A., Brown W. E. Structures of biological minerals. Biological Mineralization and Demineralization, G. H. Nancollas. Springer Verlag, Berlin 1982; 101–141, Dahlem Conferenzen 1982
   Google Scholar