Bcl-2 maintains the mitochondrial membrane potential, but fails to affect production of reactive oxygen species and endoplasmic reticulum stress, in sodium palmitate-induced β-cell death

References

• Cnop M, Hannaert JC, Hoorens A, Eizirik DL, Pipeleers DG. Inverse relationship between cytotoxicity of free fatty acids in pancreatic islet cells and cellular triglyceride accumulation. Diabetes. 2001;50:1771–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cunha DA, Hekerman P, Ladriere L, Bazarra-Castro A, Ortis F, Wakeham MC, et al. Initiation and execution of lipotoxic ER stress in pancreatic beta-cells. J Cell Sci. 2008;121:2308–18.
   Google Scholar
• Carlsson C, Borg LA, Welsh N. Sodium palmitate induces partial mitochondrial uncoupling and reactive oxygen species in rat pancreatic islets in vitro. Endocrinology. 1999;140:3422–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lupi R, Dotta F, Marselli L, Del Guerra S, Masini M, Santangelo C, et al. Prolonged exposure to free fatty acids has cytostatic and pro-apoptotic effects on human pancreatic islets: evidence that beta-cell death is caspase mediated, partially dependent on ceramide pathway, and Bcl-2 regulated. Diabetes. 2002;51:1437–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gwiazda KS, Yang TL, Lin Y, Johnson JD. Effects of palmitate on ER and cytosolic Ca2+ homeostasis in beta-cells. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2009;296:E690–701.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Pablo MA, Susin SA, Jacotot E, Larochette N, Costantini P, Ravagnan L, et al. Palmitate induces apoptosis via a direct effect on mitochondria. Apoptosis. 1999;4:81–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhatt K, Feng L, Pabla N, Liu K, Smith S, Dong Z. Effects of targeted Bcl-2 expression in mitochondria or endoplasmic reticulum on renal tubular cell apoptosis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2008;294:F499–507.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lam M, Dubyak G, Chen L, Nunez G, Miesfeld RL, Distelhorst CW. Evidence that BCL-2 represses apoptosis by regulating endoplasmic reticulum-associated Ca2+ fluxes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1994;91:6569–73.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eizirik DL, Cardozo AK, Cnop M. The role for endoplasmic reticulum stress in diabetes mellitus. Endocr Rev. 2008;29:42–61.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saldeen J. Cytokines induce both necrosis and apoptosis via a common Bcl-2-inhibitable pathway in rat insulin-producing cells. Endocrinology. 2000;141:2003–10.
   Google Scholar
• Karasuyama H, Melchers F. Establishment of mouse cell lines which constitutively secrete large quantities of interleukin 2, 3, 4 or 5, using modified cDNA expression vectors. Eur J Immunol. 1988;18:97–104.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deng G, Podack ER. Suppression of apoptosis in a cytotoxic T-cell line by interleukin 2-mediated gene transcription and deregulated expression of the protooncogene bcl-2. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1993;90:2189–93.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smiley ST, Reers M, Mottola-Hartshorn C, Lin M, Chen A, Smith TW, et al. Intracellular heterogeneity in mitochondrial membrane potentials revealed by a J-aggregate-forming lipophilic cation JC-1. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1991;88:3671–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akazawa Y, Cazanave S, Mott JL, Elmi N, Bronk SF, Kohno S, et al. Palmitoleate attenuates palmitate-induced Bim and PUMA up-regulation and hepatocyte lipoapoptosis. J Hepatol. 2010;52:586–93.
   Google Scholar
• Hubner A, Barrett T, Flavell RA, Davis RJ. Multisite phosphorylation regulates Bim stability and apoptotic activity. Mol Cell. 2008;30:415–25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Becker EB, Howell J, Kodama Y, Barker PA, Bonni A. Characterization of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase-BimEL signaling pathway in neuronal apoptosis. J Neurosci. 2004;24:8762–70.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cai B, Chang SH, Becker EB, Bonni A, Xia Z. p38 MAP kinase mediates apoptosis through phosphorylation of BimEL at Ser-65. J Biol Chem. 2006;281:25215–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barbu A, Welsh N, Saldeen J. Cytokine-induced apoptosis and necrosis are preceded by disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential (Deltapsi(m)) in pancreatic RINm5F cells: prevention by Bcl-2. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2002;190:75–82.
   Google Scholar
• Newsholme P, Haber EP, Hirabara SM, Rebelato EL, Procopio J, Morgan D, et al. Diabetes associated cell stress and dysfunction: role of mitochondrial and non-mitochondrial ROS production and activity. J Physiol. 2007;583:9–24.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hetz CA. ER stress signaling and the BCL-2 family of proteins: from adaptation to irreversible cellular damage. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2007;9:2345–55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Igoillo-Esteve M, Marselli L, Cunha DA, Ladrière L, Ortis F, Grieco FA, et al. Palmitate induces a pro-inflammatory response in human pancreatic islets that mimics CCL2 expression by beta cells in type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia. 2010;53:1395–405.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi HJ, Hwang S, Lee SH, Lee YR, Shin J, Park KS, et al. Genome-wide identification of palmitate-regulated immediate early genes and target genes in pancreatic beta-cells reveals a central role of NF-kappaB. Mol Biol Rep. 2012;39:6781–9.
   Google Scholar
• Lu T, Jackson MW, Wang B, Yang M, Chance MR, Miyagi M, et al. Regulation of NF-kappaB by NSD1/FBXL11-dependent reversible lysine methylation of p65. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2010;107:46–51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mokhtari D, Li T, Lu T, Welsh N. Effects of imatinib mesylate (Gleevec) on human islet NF-kappaB activation and chemokine production in vitro. PLoS One. 2011;6:e24831.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buteau J, El-Assaad W, Rhodes CJ, Rosenberg L, Joly E, Prentki M. Glucagon-like peptide-1 prevents beta cell glucolipotoxicity. Diabetologia. 2004;47:806–15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santangelo C, Matarrese P, Masella R, Di Carlo MC, Di Lillo A, Scazzocchio B, et al. Hepatocyte growth factor protects rat RINm5F cell line against free fatty acid-induced apoptosis by counteracting oxidative stress. J Mol Endocrinol. 2007;38:147–58.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koshkin V, Dai FF, Robson-Doucette CA, Chan CB, Wheeler MB. Limited mitochondrial permeabilization is an early manifestation of palmitate-induced lipotoxicity in pancreatic beta-cells. J Biol Chem. 2008;283:7936–48.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oprescu AI, Bikopoulos G, Naassan A, Allister EM, Tang C, Park E, et al. Free fatty acid-induced reduction in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion: evidence for a role of oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo. Diabetes. 2007;56:2927–37.
   Google Scholar
• Maestre I, Jordan J, Calvo S, Reig JA, Ceña V, Soria B, et al. Mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in apoptosis induced by serum withdrawal and fatty acids in the beta-cell line INS-1. Endocrinology. 2003;144:335–45.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michalska M, Wolf G, Walther R, Newsholme P. Effects of pharmacological inhibition of NADPH oxidase or iNOS on pro-inflammatory cytokine, palmitic acid or H2O2-induced mouse islet or clonal pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction. Biosci Rep. 2010;30:445–53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cai Y, Martens GA, Hinke SA, Heimberg H, Pipeleers D, Van de Casteele M. Increased oxygen radical formation and mitochondrial dysfunction mediate beta cell apoptosis under conditions of AMP-activated protein kinase stimulation. Free Radic Biol Med. 2007;42:64–78.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Costantini P, Chernyak BV, Petronilli V, Bernardi P. Modulation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore by pyridine nucleotides and dithiol oxidation at two separate sites. J Biol Chem. 1996;271:6746–51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kultz D, Madhany S, Burg MB. Hyperosmolality causes growth arrest of murine kidney cells. Induction of GADD45 and GADD153 by osmosensing via stress-activated protein kinase 2. J Biol Chem. 1998;273:13645–51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brenner B, Koppenhoefer U, Weinstock C, Linderkamp O, Lang F, Gulbins E. Fas- or ceramide-induced apoptosis is mediated by a Rac1-regulated activation of Jun N-terminal kinase/p38 kinases and GADD153. J Biol Chem. 1997;272:22173–81.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schapansky J, Olson K, Van Der Ploeg R, Glazner G. NF-kappaB activated by ER calcium release inhibits Abeta-mediated expression of CHOP protein: enhancement by AD-linked mutant presenilin 1. Exp Neurol. 2007;208:169–76.
   Google Scholar
• Santin I, Moore F, Colli ML, Gurzov EN, Marselli L, Marchetti P, et al. PTPN2, a candidate gene for type 1 diabetes, modulates pancreatic beta-cell apoptosis via regulation of the BH3-only protein Bim. Diabetes. 2011;60:3279–88.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koo MS, Kwo YG, Park JH, Choi WJ, Billiar TR, Kim YM. Signaling and function of caspase and c-jun N-terminal kinase in cisplatin-induced apoptosis. Mol Cells. 2002;13:194–201.
   Google Scholar