Prevalence and predictive factors of comorbidity in rheumatoid arthritis patients monitored prospectively from disease onset up to 20 years: lack of association between inflammation and cardiovascular disease

References

• Michaud K, Wolfe F. Comorbidities in rheumatoid arthritis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2007;21:885–906.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berkanovic E, Hurwicz ML. Rheumatoid arthritis and comorbidity. J Rheumatol 1990;17:888–92.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gabriel SE, Crowson CS, O'Fallon WM. Comorbidity in arthritis. J Rheumatol 1999;26:2475–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crowson CS, Nicola PJ, Kremers HM, O'Fallon WM, Therneau TM, Jacobsen SJ, How much of the increased incidence of heart failure in rheumatoid arthritis is attributable to traditional cardiovascular risk factors and ischemic heart disease? Arthritis Rheum 2005;52:3039–44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Solomon DH, Karlson EW, Rimm EB, Cannuscio CC, Mandl LA, Manson JE, Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in women diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis. Circulation 2003;107:1303–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Solomon DH, Avorn J, Katz JN, Weinblatt ME, Setoguchi S, Levin R, Immunosuppressive medications and hospitalization for cardiovascular events in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2006;54:3790–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Solomon DH, Goodson NJ, Katz JN, Weinblatt ME, Avorn J, Setoguchi S, Patterns of cardiovascular risk in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2006;65:1608–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Del Rincon ID, Williams K, Stern MP, Freeman GL, Escalante A. High incidence of cardiovascular events in a rheumatoid arthritis cohort not explained by traditional cardiac risk factors. Arthritis Rheum 2001;44:2737–45.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doran MF, Crowson CS, Pond GR, O'Fallon WM, Gabriel SE. Predictors of infection in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2002;46:2294–300.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernatsky S, Clarke AE, Suissa S. Hematologic malignant neoplasms after drug exposure in rheumatoid arthritis. Arch Intern Med 2008;168:378–81.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Askling J, Bongartz T. Malignancy and biologic therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2008;20:334–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baecklund E, Ekbom A, Sparen P, Feltelius N, Klareskog L. Disease activity and risk of lymphoma in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: nested case–control study. Br Med J 1998;317:180–1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baecklund E, Iliadou A, Askling J, Ekbom A, Backlin C, Granath F, Association of chronic inflammation, not its treatment, with increased lymphoma risk in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2006;54:692–701.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smedby KE, Baecklund E, Askling J. Malignant lymphomas in autoimmunity and inflammation: a review of risks, risk factors, and lymphoma characteristics. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15:2069–77.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eberhardt KB, Rydgren LC, Pettersson H, Wollheim FA. Early rheumatoid arthritis: onset, course, and outcome over 2 years. Rheumatol Int 1990;10:135–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindqvist E, Saxne T, Geborek P, Eberhardt K. Ten year outcome in a cohort of patients with early rheumatoid arthritis: health status, disease process, and damage. Ann Rheum Dis 2002;61:1055–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ropes MW, Bennett GA, Cobb S, Jacox R, Jessar RA. Proposed diagnostic criteria for rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 1957;16:118–25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van der Heijde DM, van ‘t Hof M, van Riel PL, van de Putte LB. Development of a disease activity score based on judgment in clinical practice by rheumatologists. J Rheumatol 1993;20:579–81.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ekdahl C, Eberhardt K, Andersson SI, Svensson B. Assessing disability in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Use of a Swedish version of the Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire. Scand J Rheumatol 1988;17:263–71.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larsen A, Dale K, Eek M. Radiographic evaluation of rheumatoid arthritis and related conditions by standard reference films. Acta Radiol Diagn (Stockh) 1977;18:481–91.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindqvist E, Eberhardt K, Klaus Bendtzen, Saxne T. Prognostic laboratory markers of radiographic outcome in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2005;64:196–201.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hochberg MC, Johnston SS, John AK. The incidence and prevalence of extra-articular and systemic manifestations in a cohort of newly-diagnosed patients with rheumatoid arthritis between 1999 and 2006. Curr Med Res Opin 2008;24:469–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haapanen N, Miilunpalo S, Pasanen M, Oja P, Vuori I. Agreement between questionnaire data and medical records of chronic diseases in middle-aged and elderly Finnish men and women. Am J Epidemiol 1997;145:762–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iversen L, Hannaford PC, Godden DJ, Price D. Do people self-reporting information about chronic respiratory disease have corroborative evidence in their general practice medical records? A study of intermethod reliability. Prim Care Respir J 2007;16:162–8.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Maradit-Kremers H, Crowson CS, Nicola PJ, Ballman KV, Roger VL, Jacobsen SJ, Increased unrecognized coronary heart disease and sudden deaths in rheumatoid arthritis: a population-based cohort study. Arthritis Rheum 2005;52:402–11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis JM, III, Maradit-Kremers H, Gabriel SE. Use of low-dose glucocorticoids and the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in rheumatoid arthritis: what is the true direction of effect? J Rheumatol 2005;32:1856–62.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maradit-Kremers H, Nicola PJ, Crowson CS, Ballman KV, Gabriel SE. Cardiovascular death in rheumatoid arthritis: a population-based study. Arthritis Rheum 2005;52:722–32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicola PJ, Maradit-Kremers H, Roger VL, Jacobsen SJ, Crowson CS, Ballman KV, The risk of congestive heart failure in rheumatoid arthritis: a population-based study over 46 years. Arthritis Rheum 2005;52:412–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smitten AL, Simon TA, Hochberg MC, Suissa S. A meta-analysis of the incidence of malignancy in adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2008;10:R45.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smitten AL, Choi HK, Hochberg MC, Suissa S, Simon TA, Testa MA, The risk of hospitalized infection in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 2008;35:375–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Askling J, Fored CM, Brandt L, Baecklund E, Bertilsson L, Cöster L, Risk and case characteristics of tuberculosis in rheumatoid arthritis associated with tumor necrosis factor antagonists in Sweden. Arthritis Rheum 2005;52:1986–92.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar