Is biochemical screening useful?

References

• The Cardiff Cervical Cytology Study. HMSO, Cardiff 1977
   Google Scholar
• Wilson J. M. J., Jungner G. Principles and practice of screening for disease. Public Health Papers No. 35, WHO, Geneva 1968
   Google Scholar
• Kletsky O. A., Nakamura R. M., Thorneycroft I. H., Mishell D. R. Lognormal distribution of gonadotropins and ovarian steroid values in the normal menstral cycle. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 1975; 121: 688–694
   Google Scholar
• Commission on Chronic Illness. Chronic illness in the United States. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass 1957; Vol. 1
   Google Scholar
• Cochrane A. L., Holland W. W. Validation of screening procedures. British Medical Bulletin 1971; 27: 3–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vessey M. P., Doll R. Investigation of relation between dose of oral contraceptives and thromboembolic disease. British Medical Journal 1968; ii: 199–205
   Google Scholar
• Howie P. W., Mallinson A. C., Prentice C. R. M., Horne C. H. W., McNicol G. P. Effect of combined oestrogen-progestogen oral contraceptives, oestrogen and progestogen on antiplasmin and antithrombin activity. Lancet 1970; ii: 1329–1332
   Google Scholar
• de Kretzer D. M. The management of the infertile male. “Clinics in obstetrics and gynaecology, I. D. Cooke. Saunders, London 1974; 409–428
   Google Scholar
• Tyson J. E., Freisen H. G. Factors influencing the secretion of human prolactin and growth hormone in menstral and gestational women. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 1973; 116: 377–387
   Google Scholar
• Ehara Y., Siler T., vanden Berg G., Sinha Y. N., Yen S. S. C. Circulating prolactin levels during the menstral cycle: episodic release and diurnal variation. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 1973; 117: 962–970
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gemzell C. A. Induction of ovulation in patients following removal of pituitary adenomas. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 1973; 117: 955–961
   Google Scholar
• Swanson H. A., du Boulay G. Borderline variants of the normal pituitary fossa. British Journal of Radiology 1975; 48: 366–369
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hardy J. Diagnosis and treatment of pituitary tumours, P. G. Kohler, G. T. Ross. International Congress Series No. 303, Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam 1973; 179–194
   Google Scholar
• Costello R. T. Subclinical adenoma of the pituitary gland. American Journal of Pathology 1936; 12: 205
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lenton E. A., Brook L. M., Sobowale O., Cooke I. D. Prolactin concentrations in normal menstrual cycles and conception cycles. Clinical Endocrinology 1979; 10: 383–391
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooke I. D., Lenton E. A., Adams M., Pearce M. A., Fahmy D., Evans C. R. Some clinical aspects of pituitary-ovarian relationships in women with ovulatory infertility. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 1977; 51: 203–213
   Google Scholar
• Lenton E. A., Weston G. A., Cooke I. D. Long-term follow-up of the apparently normal couple with a complaint of infertility. Fertility and Sterility 1977; 28: 913–919
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooke I. D., Lenton E. A., Adams M., Sobowale O. Hormonal therapy of ovulatory disorders. “Control of Ovulation, G. E. Lamming, G. Foxcroft. Butterworth, London 1977; 383–395
   Google Scholar
• Brock D. J. H., Sutcliffe R. G. Alpha-fetoprotein in the antenatal diagnosis of anencephaly and spina bifida. Lancet 1972; ii: 197–199
   Google Scholar
• UK Collaborative Study. Maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein measurement in antenatal screening for anencephaly and spina bifida in early pregnancy. Lancet 1977; i: 1323–1332
   Google Scholar
• NICHD National Registry for Amniocentesis Study Group’. Mid-trimester amniocentesis for prenatal diagnosis. Safety and accuracy. Journal of the American Medical Association 1976; 236: 1471–1476
   Google Scholar
• MRC Working Party on Amniocentesis. An assessment of the hazards of amniocentesis. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 1978; 85(Suppl. 2)41
   Google Scholar
• Redman C. W. G., Beilin L. J., Bonnar J., Ounsted M. K. Fetal outcome in trial of anti-hypertensive treatment in pregnancy. Lancet 1976; ii: 753–756
   Google Scholar
• Redman C. W. G., Beilin L. J., Bonnar J., Wilkinson R. H. Plasma urate measurements in predicting fetal death in hypertensive pregnancy. Lancet 1976; i: 1370–1373
   Google Scholar
• Chard T. The hormonal assessment of fetal and placental function. Clinics in Obstetrics and Gynaecology 1974; 1: 85–102
   Google Scholar
• Letchworth A. T., Chard T. Placental lactogen levels as a screening test for fetal distress and neonatal asphyxia. Lancet 1972; i: 704–706
   Google Scholar
• Spellacy W. N., Buhi W. C., Birk S. A., McCreary S. A. Distribution of human placental lactogen in the last half of normal and complicated pregnancies. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 1974; 121: 214–233
   Google Scholar
• Gordon Y. B., Lewis J. D., Pendleburg D. J., Leighton M., Gold G. Is measurement of placental function and maternal weight worthwhile. Lancet 1978; i: 1001–1003
   Google Scholar
• Beischer N. A., Brown J. B., Smith M. A., Townsend L. Studies in prolonged pregnancy. II. Clinical results and urinary oestriol excretion in prolonged pregnancy. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 1969; 103: 483–495
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masson G. M. Plasma oestriol concentration during normal pregnancy. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the British Commonwealth 1973; 80: 206–209
   Google Scholar
• Masson G. M. Plasma oestriol in pre-eclampsia. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the British Commonwealth 1973; 80: 210–217
   Google Scholar
• Masson G. M. Plasma oestriol in retarded intrauterine fetal growth. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the British Commonwealth 1973; 80: 423–428
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Masson G. M. Plasma oestriol in pregnancy complicated by essential hypertension. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the British Commonwealth 1973; 80: 712–717
   Google Scholar
• Dalenburg G. W., Martin F. I. R., Jeffrey P. E., Horscek I. Amniotic fluid lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio in pregnancy complicated by diabetes. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 1977; 84: 294–299
   Google Scholar
• Bhagwanani S. G., Fahmy D., Turnbull A. C. Prediction of neonatal respiratory distress by estimation of amniotic fluid lecithin. Lancet 1972; i: 159–162
   Google Scholar
• Kelso I. M., Parsons R. J., Lawrence G. F., Arora S. S., Edmonds D. K., Cooke I. D. An assessment of continous fetal heart rate monitoring in labour - a randomised trial. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 1978; 131: 526–532
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cochrane A. L. Effectiveness and efficiency. Random reflections on health services. The Rock Carling Fellowship, 1971, Nuffield Provincial Hospitals Trust. 1972
   Google Scholar
• Huch A., Huch R., Schneider H., Rooth G. Continuous transcutaneous monitoring of fetal oxygen tension during labour. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 1977; 1–39, Suppl. 1
   Google Scholar
• Rees L. H., Torresani T., Ellis K., Lowry P. J., McClean C. Development of a radioimmunoassay for human thyroid-stimulating hormone in dried blood samples. Journal of Endocrinology 1977; 75: 39–40
   Google Scholar