16
Views
6
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Clinical considerations and comparative measures of assessing curvature of the spine

&
Pages 143-147 | Published online: 09 Jul 2009

References

  • Kane W. J. Scoliosis prevalence: A call for a statement of terms. Clinical Orthopaedics 1977; 126: 43–46
  • Brooks H. L., Azen S. P., Gerbkrt E. Scoliosis: A prospective epidemiological study. British Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 1975; 57: 968–972
  • Keim H. L. Scoliosis. Clinical Symptoms 1978; 30: 4–20
  • Drummond D. S., Rogala E., Gurr J. Spinal deformity: Natural history and the role of school screening. Orthopaedic Clinics of North America 1979; 10: 751–759
  • Bradford D. S., Hetthoff K. B., Cohen M. Intraspinal abnormalities and congenital spine deformities: A radiographic and MRI study. Journal ofPaediatric Orthopaedics 1991; 11(1)36–41
  • Carr A. J., Jefferson R. J., Turner-Smith J., Cohen M. An analysis of normal back shape measured by Isis scanning. Spine 1991; 16(6)656–659
  • Drerup B., Heirhoizer E. Evaluation of frontal radiographs of scoliotic spines. Part II. Relations between lateral tilt and axial rotation of'vertebrae. Journal of Biomechanics 1992; 25(12)1443–1450
  • Pearson J. D., Dangerfield P. H., Atkinson J. T., Gomm J. B., Dorgan J. C, Hobson C. A., Harvey D. M. Measurement of body surface tomography using an automated imaging system. Acta Orthopaedica Belgica 1992; 58(Supplement)73–79
  • Schmidt J., Gassei F., Naughton S. Calculation of 3-D deformity in scoliosis by standard roentgenograms. Acta Orthopaedica Belgica 1992; 58(Supplement)60–65
  • Barnes P., Brody I. D., Iaramillo D., Akbar I. U., Emans J. B. Atypical idiopathic scoliosis: MR imaging evaluation. Radiology 1993; 186(1)247–253
  • Stokes I. A., Gardner-Morse M. Analysis of the interaction between vertebral lateral deviation and axial rotation in scoliosis. Journal of Biomechanics 1991; 24(8)753–759
  • Rinksy L. A. Advances in management of idiopathic scoliosis. Hospital Practice 1992; 27(4)49–55
  • Greenwood J. G. Low-back impairment-rating practices of orthopaedic surgeons and neurosurgeons in West Virginia. Spine 1985; 10: 773–776
  • Clark W., Haldeman S., Johnson P. Back impairment and disability determinations: Another attempt at objective, reliable rating. Spine 1988; 13: 332–341
  • American Medicai. Association. Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment3rd edn revised. American Medical Association, Chicago 1990; 31–34
  • Tibrewal S. The cervical spine goniometer. Annual Report of the Oxford Orthopaedic Engineering Centre. University of Oxford. 1983; 10: 37–41
  • Mayerson N. H., Milano R. A. Goniometric measurement reliability in physical medicine. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 1984; 65(2)92–94
  • Tucci S. M., Hicks J. E., Gross E. G., Campbell R. N., Danoff J. Cervical motion assessment: A new, simple and accurate method. Archives of Physical Medicine Rehabilitation 1986; 67: 225230
  • Kiaber Moffet J. A., Hughes E., Grjffiths P. Measurements of cervical spine movements using simple inclinometer. Physiotherapy 1989; 75(6)309–312
  • Rondinelli R., Murphy J., Esler A., Marciano T., Cholmakjian C. Estimation of normal lumbar flexion with surface inclinometry. American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 1992; 71: 219–224
  • Williams R., Binkiey J., Bloch R., Goldsmith O. H., Minuk T. Reliability of the modified-modified Schöber and double inclinometer methods for measuring lumbar flexion and extension. Physical Therapy 1993; 73(1)26–37
  • Israel M. A quantitative method of estimating flexion and extension of the spine-a preliminary report. Military Medicine March, 1959; 181–186
  • Anderson J. A. D., Swketman B. J. A combined flexirule/hydrogoniometer for measurement of lumbar spine and its sagittal movement. Rheumatology and Rehabilitation 1975; 14: 173–179
  • Burton A. K. Regional lumbar sagittal mobility: Measurement by flexicurves. Clinical Biomechanics 1986; 1: 20–26
  • Hart D. L., Rose S. J. Reliability of a noninvasive method for measuring the lumbar curve. Journal of Orthopedic and Sports Physical Therapy 1986; 8(4)180–184
  • Herrmann D. B. Validity study of head and neck flexion extension motion comparing measurements of a pendulum goniometer and roentgenograms. Journal of Orthopedics and Sports Physical Therapy 1990; 11(9)414–418
  • Hsiah C., Yeung B. W. Active neck motion measurements with a tape measure. Journal of Orthopedics and Sports Therapy 1986; 8(2)88–92
  • Thompson S. B. N., Morgan M. Occupational Therapy for Stroke Rehabilitation. Chapman & Hall, London and New York 1990; 167–185
  • Youdas J. W, Carey J. R., Garreit T. R. Reliability of measurements of cervical spine range of motion comparison of three methods. Physical Therapy 1991; 71(2)98–104
  • Pearsall D. J., Reid J. G., Hedden D. M. Comparison of three non-invasive methods of measuring scoliosis. Physical Therapy 1992; 72(9)648–657
  • Burdett R. G., Brown K. E., Fall M. P. Reliability and validity of four instruments for measuring lumbar spine and pelvic positions. Physical Therapy 1986; 66(5)677–684
  • Thompson S. B. N. A microcomputer-feedback system for improving control of incompletely innervated leg muscle in adult cerebrovascular accident patients. British Journal of Occupational Therapy 1987; 50(5)161–166
  • Thompson S. B. N. A system for rapidly converting quadriceps contraction to a digital signal for use in microcomputer-oriented muscle therapy and stroke patient assessment schedules. Computers in Biology and Medicine International Journal 1987; 17(2)117–125
  • Thompson S. B. N. Eating Disorders: A Guide for Health Professionals. Chapman & Hall, London and New York 1993; 74–102, 194–239

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.