A comprehensive insight of novel antioxidant therapies for atrial fibrillation management

References

• Agarwal M, Parameswari RP, Vasanthi HR, Das DK. (2012). Dynamic action of carotenoids in cardioprotection and maintenance of cardiac health. Molecules 17:4755–4769
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson JL, Halperin JL, Albert NM, et al. (2013). Management of patients with atrial fibrillation (compilation of 2006 ACCF/AHA/ESC and 2011 ACCF/AHA/HRS recommendations): A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 61:1935–1944
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Azzi A. (2007). Molecular mechanism of alpha-tocopherol action. Free Radic Biol Med 43:16–21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bai D. (2014). Atrial fibrillation-linked GJA5/connexin40 mutants impaired gap junctions via different mechanisms. FEBS Lett 588:1238–1243
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benedetto U, Angeloni E, Melina G, et al. (2013). n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids for the prevention of postoperative atrial fibrillation: A metaanalysis of randomized controlled trials. J Cardiovasc Med 14:104–109
   Google Scholar
• Berry JD, Prineas RJ, van Horn L, et al. (2010). Dietary fish intake and incident atrial fibrillation (from the Women's Health Initiative). Am J Cardiol 105:844–848
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bjordahl PM, Helmer SD, Gosnell DJ, et al. (2012). Perioperative supplementation with ascorbic acid does not prevent atrial fibrillation in coronary artery bypass graft patients. Am J Surg 204:862–867
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Block G, Norkus E, Hudes M, et al. (2001). Which plasma antioxidants are most related to fruit and vegetable consumption? Am J Epidemiol 154:1113–1118
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brouwer IA, Heeringa J, Geleijnse JM, et al. (2006). Intake of very long-chain n-3 fatty acids from fish and incidence of atrial fibrillation. The Rotterdam Study. Am Heart J 151:857–862
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burns JJ. (1957). Missing step in man, monkey and guinea pig required for the biosynthesis of L-ascorbic acid. Nature 180:553
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Burstein B, Comtois P, Michael G, et al. (2009). Changes in connexin expression and the atrial fibrillation substrate in congestive heart failure. Circ Res 105:1213–1222
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calò L, Bianconi L, Colivicchi F, et al. (2005). n-3 Fatty acids for the prevention of atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass surgery: A randomized, controlled trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 45:1723–1728
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cangemi R, Pignatelli P, Carnevale R, et al. (2013). Cholesterol-adjusted vitamin E serum levels are associated with cardiovascular events in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation. Int J Cardiol 168:3241–3247
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carnes CA, Chung MK, Nakayama T, et al. (2001). Ascorbate attenuates atrial pacing-induced peroxynitrite formation and electrical remodeling and decreases the incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation. Circ Res 89:32–38
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carnes CA, Janssen PM, Ruehr ML, et al. (2007). Atrial glutathione content, calcium current, and contractility. J Biol Chem 282:28063–28073
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costanzo S, De Curtis A, di Niro V, et al. (2015). Postoperative atrial fibrillation and total dietary antioxidant capacity in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: The Polyphemus Observational Study. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 149:1175–1182
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dhein S. (2006). Role of connexins in atrial fibrillation. Adv Cardiol 42:161–174
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duffy HS, Wit AL. (2008). Is there a role for remodeled connexins in AF? No simple answers. J Mol Cell Cardiol 44:4–13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dotani MI, Elnicki DM, Jain AC, Gibson CM. (2000). Effect of preoperative statin therapy and cardiac outcomes after coronary artery bypass grafting. Am J Cardiol 86:1128–1130
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-Hamamsy I, Stevens LM, Carrier M, et al. (2007). Effect of intravenous N-acetylcysteine on outcomes after coronary artery bypass surgery: A randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled clinical trial. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 133:7–12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eslami M, Badkoubeh RS, Mousavi M, et al. (2007). Oral ascorbic acid in combination with beta-blockers is more effective than beta-blockers alone in the prevention of atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass grafting. Tex Heart Inst J 34:268–74
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esmaillzadeh A, Kimiagar M, Mehrabi Y, et al. (2006). Fruit and vegetable intakes, C-reactive protein, and the metabolic syndrome. Am J Clin Nutr 84:1489–1497
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Darghosian L, Free M, Li J, et al. (2015). Effect of omega-three polyunsaturated fatty acids on inflammation, oxidative stress, and recurrence of atrial fibrillation. Am J Cardiol 115:196–201
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fatkin D, Otway R, Vandenberg JI. (2007). Genes and atrial fibrillation: A new look at an old problem. Circulation 116:782–792
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fedorov VV, Glukhov AV, Chang R. (2012). Conduction barriers and pathways of the sinoatrial pacemaker complex: Their role in normal rhythm and atrial arrhythmias. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 302:H1773–H1783
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feng J. (2015). Mediterranean-style diet to prevent postoperative atrial fibrillation: Role of antioxidants? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 149:1182–1184
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferro D, Franciosa P, Cangemi R, et al. (2012). Serum levels of vitamin E are associated with early recurrence of atrial fibrillation after electric cardioversion. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 5:327–333
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freestone B, Lip GY. (2008). The endothelium and atrial fibrillation. The prothrombotic state revisited. Hamostaseologie 28:207–212
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gao WD, Liu Y, Marban E. (1996). Selective effects of oxygen free radicals on excitation-contraction coupling in ventricular muscle. Implications for the mechanism of stunned myocardium. Circ Res 94:2597–2604
   Google Scholar
• Giovannone S, Remo BF, Fishman GI. (2012). Channeling diversity: Gap junction expression in the heart. Heart Rhythm 9:1159–1162
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gross GJ, Auchampach JA. (2007). Reperfusion injury: Does it exist? J Mol Cell Cardiol 42:12–18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gross GJ, Lockwood SF. (2005). Acute and chronic administration of disodium disuccinate astaxanthin (Cardax) produces marked cardioprotection in dog hearts. Mol Cell Biochem 272:221–227
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heidarsdottir R, Arnar DO, Skuladottir GV, et al. (2010). Does treatment with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids prevent atrial fibrillation after open heart surgery? Europace 12:356–363
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hix LM, Lockwood SF, Bertram JS. (2004). Upregulation of connexin 43 protein expression and increased gap junctional communication by water soluble disodium disuccinate astaxanthin derivatives. Cancer Lett 211:25–37
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iwamoto T, Hosoda K, Hirano R, et al. (2000). Inhibition of low density lipoprotein oxidation by astaxanthin. J Atheroscler Thromb 7:216–222
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• January CT, Wann LS, Alpert JS, et al. (2014). AHA/ACC/HRS guideline for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: Executive summary: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation 130:2071–2104
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karppi J, Kurl S, Mäkikallio TH, et al. (2013). Low levels of plasma carotenoids are associated with an increased risk of atrial fibrillation. Eur J Epidemiol 28:45–53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim YH, Lim DS, Lee JH, et al. (2003). Gene expression profiling of oxidative stress on atrial fibrillation in humans. Exp Mol Med 35:336–349
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirchhof P, Ammentorp B, Darius H, et al. (2014). Management of atrial fibrillation in seven European countries after the publication of the 2010 ESC Guidelines on atrial fibrillation: Primary results of the PREvention oF thromboemolic events – European Registry in Atrial Fibrillation (PREFER in AF). Europace 16:6–14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kowey PR, Reiffel JA, Ellenbogen KA, Naccarelli GV, Pratt CM. (2010). Efficacy and safety of prescription omega-3 fatty acids for the prevention of recurrent symptomatic atrial fibrillation: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 304, 2363–72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lassnigg A, Punz A, Barker R, et al. (2003). Influence of intravenous vitamin E supplementation in cardiac surgery on oxidative stress: A double-blinded, randomized, controlled study. Br J Anaesth 90:148–154
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liakopoulos OJ, Choi YH, Haldenwang PL, et al. (2008). Impact of preoperative statin therapy on adverse postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: A meta-analysis of over 30,000 patients. Eur Heart J 29:1548–1559
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loffredo L, Angelico F, Perri L, Violi F. (2012). Upstream therapy with statin and recurrence of atrial fibrillation after electrical cardioversion. Review of the literature and meta-analysis. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 12:107
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• López-Cuenca A, Marín F, Roldán V, et al. (2010). Effects of atorvastatin 80 mg daily on indices of matrix remodelling in ‘high-risk' patients with ischemic heart disease. Int J Cardiol 139:95–97
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mariscalco G, Sarzi Braga S, Banach M, et al. (2010). Preoperative n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are associated with a decrease in the incidence of early atrial fibrillation following cardiac surgery. Angiology 61:643–650
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Markides V, Schilling RJ. (2003). Atrial fibrillation: Classification, pathophysiology, mechanisms and drug treatment. Heart 89:939–943
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masson S, Wu JH, Simon C, et al. (2015). Circulating cardiac biomarkers and postoperative atrial fibrillation in the OPERA trial. Eur J Clin Invest 45:170–178
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCarty MF. (2010). Practical prevention of cardiac remodeling and atrial fibrillation with full-spectrum antioxidant therapy and ancillary strategies. Med Hypotheses 75:141–147
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKeown PP, Gutterman D. (2005). Executive summary: American College of Chest Physicians guidelines for the prevention and management of postoperative atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery. Chest 128:1S–5S
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mihm MJ, Yu F, Carnes CA, et al. (2001). Impaired myofibrillar energetics and oxidative injury during human atrial fibrillation. Circulation 104:174–180
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mozaffarian D, Psaty BM, Rimm EB, et al. (2004). Fish intake and risk of incident atrial fibrillation. Circulation 110:368–373
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mozaffarian D, Marchioli R, Macchia A, et al. (2012). Fish oil and postoperative atrial fibrillation: The Omega-3 Fatty Acids for Prevention of Post-operative Atrial Fibrillation (OPERA) randomized trial. JAMA 308:2001–2011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nattel S. (2002). New ideas about atrial fibrillation 50 years on. Nature 415:219–226
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neuman RB, Bloom HL, Shukrullah I, et al. (2007). Oxidative stress markers are associated with persistent atrial fibrillation. Clin Chem 53:1652–1657
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nigam A, Talajic M, Roy D, et al. (2014). Fish oil for the reduction of atrial fibrillation recurrence, inflammation, and oxidative stress. J Am Coll Cardiol 64:1441–1448
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orenes-Piñero E, Hernández-Romero D, Jover E, et al. (2011). An insight of novel pharmacological therapies in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Med Chem 7:275–285
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orenes-Piñero E, Montoro-García S, Banerjee A, et al. (2012). Pre and post-operative treatments for prevention of atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery. Mini Rev Med Chem 12:1419–1431
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ozaydin M, Icli A, Yucel H, et al. (2013). Metoprolol vs. carvedilol or carvedilol plus N-acetyl cysteine on post-operative atrial fibrillation: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Eur Heart J 34:597–604
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ozaydin M, Peker O, Erdogan D, et al. (2008). N-acetylcysteine for the prevention of postoperative atrial fibrillation: A prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study. Eur Heart J 29:625–631
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Padayatty SJ, Sun H, Wang Y, et al. (2004). Vitamin C pharmacokinetics: Implications for oral and intravenous use. Ann Intern Med 140:533–537
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palooza P, Krinsky NI. (1992). Astaxanthin and canthaxanthin are potent antioxidants in a membrane model. Arch Biochem Biophys 297:291–295
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pastori D, Carnevale R, Bartimoccia S, et al. (2015). Does mediterranean diet reduce cardiovascular events and oxidative stress in atrial fibrillation? Antioxid Redox Signal. [Epub ahead of print]. doi: 10.1089/ars.2015.6326
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Patti G, Chello M, Candura D, et al. (2006). Randomized trial of atorvastatin for reduction of postoperative atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: Results of the ARMYDA-3 (Atorvastatin for Reduction of MYocardial Dysrhythmia After cardiac surgery) study. Circulation 114:1455–1461
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pfister R, Michels G, Brägelmann J, et al. (2014). Plasma vitamin C and risk of hospitalisation with diagnosis of atrial fibrillation in men and women in EPIC-Norfolk prospective study. Int J Cardiol 177:830–835
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rix TA, Joensen AM, Riahi S, et al. (2014). A U-shaped association between consumption of marine n-3 fatty acids and development of atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter-a Danish cohort study. Europace 16:1554–1561
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodrigo R, Gutiérrez R, Fernández R, Guzmán P. (2012). Ageing improves the antioxidant response against postoperative atrial fibrillation: A randomized controlled trial. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 15:209–214
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodrigo R, Korantzopoulos P, Cereceda M, et al. (2013a). A randomized controlled trial to prevent post-operative atrial fibrillation by antioxidant reinforcement. J Am Coll Cardiol 62:1457–1465
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodrigo R, Prieto JC, Castillo R. (2013b). Cardioprotection against ischaemia/reperfusion by vitamins C and E plus n-3 fatty acids: Molecular mechanisms and potential clinical applications. Clin Sci 124:1–15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rudolph V, Andrié RP, Rudolph TK, et al. (2010). Myeloperoxidase acts as a profibrotic mediator of atrial fibrillation. Nat Med 16:470–474
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saravanan P, Bridgewater B, West AL, et al. (2010). Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation does not reduce risk of atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass surgery: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 3:46–53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sandesara CM, Chung MK, Van Wagoner DR, et al. (2012). A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of omega-3 fatty acids for inhibition of supraventricular arrhythmias after cardiac surgery: The FISH Trial. J Am Heart Assoc 1:e000547
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Savelieva I, Kakouros N, Kourliouros A, Camm AJ. (2011). Upstream therapies for management of atrial fibrillation: Review of clinical evidence and implications for European Society of Cardiology guidelines. Part I: Primary prevention. Europace 13:308–328
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Savelieva I, Kourliouros A, Camm J. (2010). Primary and secondary prevention of atrial fibrillation with statins and polyunsaturated fatty acids: Review of evidence and clinical relevance. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 381:1–13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh M, Kommu S, Sethi A, Arora R. (2013). Omega-3 fatty acids in prevention of post-cardiac surgery atrial fibrillation: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Am Coll Cardiol 61:A1455
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sisto T, Paajanen H, Metsa-Ketela T, et al. (1995). Pretreatment with antioxidants and allopurinol diminishes cardiac onset events in coronary artery bypass grafting. Ann Thorac Surg 59:1519–1523
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sovari AA, Dudley SC. (2010). Atrial fibrillation and oxidative stress. In: Sauer H, Ajay MS, Laurindo FR, eds. Studies in cardiovascular disorders. Totowa (NJ): Humana Press, 373–389
   Google Scholar
• Sovari AA, Dudley SC. (2012). Antioxidant therapy for atrial fibrillation: Lost in translation? Heart 98:1615–1616
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sovari AA, Iravanian S, Dolmatova E, et al. (2011). Inhibition of c-Src tyrosine kinase prevents angiotensin II-mediated connexin-43 remodeling and sudden cardiac death. J Am Coll Cardiol 58:2332–2339
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun Y, Ji Q, Me Y, et al. (2011). Role of preoperative atorvastatin administration in protection against postoperative atrial fibrillation following conventional coronary artery bypass grafting. Int Heart J 52:7–11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun Y, Yang YQ, Gong XQ, et al. (2013). Novel germline GJA5/connexin40 mutations associated with lone atrial fibrillation impair gap junctional intercellular communication. Hum Mutat 34:603–609
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tak PP, Firestein GS. (2001). NF-κB: A key role in inflammatory diseases. J Clin Invest 107:7–11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thacker EL, Jensen PN, Psaty BM, et al. (2015). Use of statins and antihypertensive medications in relation to risk of long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation. Ann Pharmacother 49:378–386
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsukaguchi H, Tokui T, Mackenzie B, et al. (1999). A family of mammalian Na+-dependent L-ascorbic acid transporters. Nature 399:70–75
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turan B. (2010). Role of antioxidants in redox regulation of diabetic cardiovascular complications. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 11:819–836
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Violi F, Pastori D, Pignatelli P, Loffredo L. (2014). Antioxidants for prevention of atrial fibrillation: A potentially useful future therapeutic approach? A review of the literature and meta-analysis. Europace 16:1107–1116
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Virtanen JK, Mursu J, Voutilainen S, Tuomainen TP. (2009). Serum long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and risk of hospital diagnosis of atrial fibrillation in men. Circulation 120:2315–2321
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Viviani Anselmi C, Ferreri C, Novelli V, et al. (2010). Fatty acid percentage in erythrocyte membranes of atrial flutter/fibrillation patients and controls. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 27:95–99
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Voutilainen S, Nurmi T, Mursu J, Rissanen TH. (2006). Carotenoids and cardiovascular health. Am J Clin Nutr 83:1265–1271
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wijffels MC, Kirchhof CJ, Dorland R, Allessie MA. (1995). Atrial fibrillation begets atrial fibrillation. A study in awake chronically instrumented goats. Circulation 92:1954–1968
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilbring M, Ploetze K, Bormann S, et al. (2014). Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids reduce the incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation in patients with history of prior myocardial infarction undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass grafting. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 62:569–574
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu JH, Marchioli R, Silletta MG, et al. (2015). Oxidative stress biomarkers and incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation in the omega-3 fatty acids for prevention of postoperative atrial fibrillation (OPERA) trial. J Am Heart Assoc 4:e001886
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wyse DG, Anter E, Callans DJ. (2009). Cardioversion of atrial fibrillation for maintenance of sinus rhythm: A road to nowhere. Circulation 120:1444–1452
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yeh YH, Kuo CT, Chang GJ, et al. (2015). Rosuvastatin suppresses atrial tachycardia-induced cellular remodeling via Akt/Nrf2/heme oxygenase-1 pathway. J Mol Cell Cardiol 82:84–92
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zafarullah M, Li WQ, Sylvester J, Ahmad M. (2003). Molecular mechanisms of N-acetylcysteine actions. Cell Mol Life Sci 60:6–20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zaman J, Patel P, Peters N. (2014). Arrhythmia inducibility in a novel normotensive rodent model of arrhythmia is not related to connexin 43 quantity and phosphorylation states – Determining the contribution of hypertension and ageing on the myocardial substrate. Heart 100:A113–A114
   Google Scholar