References
- Serjeant G. R. Fetal haemoglobin in homozygous sickle cell disease. Clin. Haematol. 1975; 4: 109–122
- Embury S. H., Dozy A. M., Miller J., Davis J. R., Kleman K. M., Preister H., Vichinsky E., Lande W., Lubin B., Kan Y. W., Mentzer W. C. Concurrent sickle‐cell anemia and α thalassemia. N. Engl. J. Med. 1982; 306: 270–274
- De Ceulaer K., Higgs D. R., Hayes R. J., Serjeant R. E., Serjeant G. R. α‐Thalassemia reduces the hemolytic rate in homozygous sickle cell disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 1983; 309: 189–193
- Ballas S. K., Larner J., Smith E. D., Surrey S., Schwartz E., Rappaport E. Rheolog‐ical predictors of the severity of the painful sickle cell crisis. Blood 1988; 72: 1216–1223
- Steinberg M. H., Rosenstock W., Coleman M. B., Adams J. G., Platica O., Cedeno M., Rieder R. F., Wilson J. T., Milner P., West S. Effects of thalassemia and microcytosis on the hematologic and vasocclusive severity of sickle cell anemia. Blood 1984; 63: 1353–1360
- Stevens M. C. G., Maude G. H., Beckford M., Grandison Y., Mason K., Taylor B., Serjeant B. E., Higgs D. R., Teal H., Weatherall D. J., Serjeant G. R. a Thalassemia and the hematology of homozygous sickle cell disease in childhood. Blood 1986; 67: 411–414
- Higgs D. R., Aldridge B. E., Lamb J., Clegg J. B., Weatherall D. J., Hayes R. J., Grandison Y., Lowrie Y., Mason K. P., Serjeant B. E., Sergeant G. R. The interaction of α‐thalassemia and homozygous sickle‐cell disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 1982; 306: 1441–1446
- Castro O., Haddy T. B. Improved survival of iron‐deficient patients with sickle erythrocytes. N. Engl. J. Med. 1983; 308: 527
- Charache S., Terrin M. L., Moore R. D., Dover G. J., Barton F. B., Eckert S. V., McMa‐hon R. P., Bonds D. R., the Investigators of the Multicenter Study of Hydroxyurea in Sickle Cell Anemia. Effect of hydroxyurea on the frequency of painful crises in sickle cell anemia. N. Engl. J. Med. 1995; 332: 1317–1322
- Ballas S. K., Marcolina M. J., Dover G. J., Barton F. B. Erythropoietic activity in patients with sickle cell anemia before and after treatment with hydroxyurea. Br. J. Haematol. 1999; 105: 491–496
- International Committee for Standardization in Hematology. Recommended method for radioisotope red‐cell survival studies. Br. J. Haematol. 1980; 45: 659–666
- Engstedt L. Endogenous formation of carbon monoxide in hemolytic disease. ActaMed. Scand. 1957; 159(Suppl 332)22
- Erslev A. J. Erythrokinetics. Hemutology2nd edition, J. W. Williams, E. Beutler, A. J. Erslev, R. W. Rundles. McGraw Hill, Inc., New York, NYUSA 1977; 1620–1626
- Cazzola M., Huebers H. A., Sayers M. H., Macphail A. P., Eng M., Finch C. A. Transferrin saturation, plasma. iron turnover and transferrin uptake in normal humans. Blood 1985; 66: 1935–939
- Cazzola M., Pootrakul P., Huebers H. A., Eng M., Eschbach J., Finch C. A. Eryth‐roid marrow function in anemic patients. Blood 1987; 69: 296–301
- Betke K., Marti H. R., Schlicht I. Estimation of small percentages of foetal haemoglobin. Nature 1959; 184: 1877–1878
- Sherwood J. B., Goldwasser E., Chilcote R., Carmichael L. D., Nagel R. Sickle cell anemia patients have low erythropoietin levels fortheir degree of anemia. Blood 1986; 67: 46–49
- Southern E. M. Detection of specific sequences among DNA fragments separated by gel electrophoresis. J. Mol. Biol. 1975; 98: 503–517
- Feinberg A. P., Begelstein B. A technique for radiolabelling DNA restriction endonu‐clease fragments to high specific activity. Anal. Biochem. 1983; 132: 6–13
- Antonarakis S. E., Boehm C. D., Serjeant G. R., Theisen C. E., Dover G. J., Kazazian H. H., Jr. Origin of the βs‐globin gene in Blacks: the contribution of recurrent mutation or gene conversion or both. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1984; 81: 853–856
- Ballas S. K., Talacki C. A., Adachi K., Schwartz E., Surrey S., Rappaport E. The XmnI site (‐158, C→T) 5′ to the Gγ globin: correlation with the Senegalese haplotype and Gγ globin expression. Hemoglobin. 1991; 15: 393–405
- Wilkinson L. Systat: the system for statistics. Systat, Inc., Evanston, ILUSA 1986
- Nagel R. L., Erlingsson S., Fabry M. E., Croizat H., Sunka S. M., Lachman H., Sutton M., Driscoll C., Bouhassira E., Billett H. H. The Senegal DNA haplotype is associated with the amelioration of anemia in African American sickle cell anemia patients. Blood 1991; 77: 1371–1375
- Powars D. R., Chan L., Schroeder W. A. βS‐Gene‐cluster haplotypes in sickle cell anemia: clinical implications. Am. J. Pediatr. Hematol. Oncol. 1990; 12: 367–374
- Powars D. R., Chan L., Schroeder W. A. The variable expression of sickle cell disease is genetically determined. Semin. Hematol. 1990; 27: 360–376
- Powars D. R., Elliot‐Mills D. D., Chan L., Niland J., Hiti A. L., Opas L. M., Johnson C. Chronic renal failure in sickle cell disease: risk factors, clinical course, and mortality. Ann. Intern. Med. 1991; 115: 614–620
- Polenakovic M., Sikole A. Is erythropoietin a survival factor for red blood cells?. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 1996; 7: 1178–1182