Idiosyncratic Drug-Induced Agranulocytosis: The Paradigm of Deferiprone

REFERENCES

• Dinauer MC, Coates TD. Disorders of phagocyte function and number. In: Hoffman R, Ed. Hematology: Basic Principles and Practice, 4th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone. 2005:787–829.
   Google Scholar
• Lichtman AM. Classification and clinical manifestations of neutrophil disorders. In: Williams WJ, Beutler E, Erslev AJ, Lichtman MA, Eds. Hematology. New York: McGraw-Hill Inc. 1991:802–806.
   Google Scholar
• Baehner R. Overview of neutropenia. In: Basow D, Ed. UpToDate. 200 (http://www.utdol.com/home/help/manual/citing/index.html).
   Google Scholar
• Andersohn F, Konzen C, Garbe E. Systematic review: agranulocytosis induced by nonchemotherapy drugs. Ann Intern Med. 2007;146(9):657–665.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garbe E. Non-chemotherapy drug-induced agranulocytosis. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2007;6(3):323–335.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andres E, Maloisel F. Idiosyncratic drug-induced agranulocytosis or acute neutropenia. Curr Opin Hematol. 2008;15(1):15–21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baehner R. Drug-induced neutropenia and agranulocytosis. In: Basow D, Ed. UpToDate. 200 (http://www.utdol.com/home/help/manual/citing/index.html).
   Google Scholar
• Uetrecht J. Idiosyncratic drug reactions: current understanding. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2007;47:513–539.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tesfa D, Keisu M, Palmblad J. Idiosyncratic drug-induced agranulocytosis: possible mechanisms and management. Am J Hematol. 2009;84(7):428–434.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ibanez L, Vidal X, Ballarin E, Laporte JR. Population-based drug-induced agranulocytosis. Arch Intern Med. 2005;165(8):869–874.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andres E, Maloisel F, Kurtz JE, Modern management of non-chemotherapy drug-induced agranulocytosis: a monocentric cohort study of 90 cases and review of the literature. Eur J Intern Med. 2002;13(5):324–328.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Andres E, Zimmer J, Affenberger S, Federici L, Alt M, Maloisel F. Idiosyncratic drug-induced agranulocytosis: update of an old disorder. Eur J Intern Med. 2006;17(8):529–535.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young NS. Agtanulocytosis. In: Young NS, Ed. Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes, 1st ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company. 2000:156–182.
   Google Scholar
• Claas FH. Immune mechanisms leading to drug-induced blood dyscrasias. Eur J Haematol Suppl. 1996;60:64–68.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bhatt V, Saleem A. Review: drug-induced neutropenia – pathophysiology, clinical features, and management. Ann Clin Lab Sci. 2004;34(2):131–137.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gualde N, Malinvaud G. In vitro generation of cytotoxic lymphocytes during noramidopyrine-induced agranulocytosis. Clin Immunol Immunopathol. 1982;24(2):220–226.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stamatopoulos K, Papadaki T, Pontikoglou C, Lymphocyte subpopulation imbalances, bone marrow hematopoiesis and histopathology in rituximab-treated lymphoma patients with late-onset neutropenia. Leukemia. 2008;22(7):1446–1449.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uetrecht J. Idiosyncratic drug reactions: past, present, and future. Chem Res Toxicol. 2008;21(1):84–92.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen AR. New advances in iron chelation therapy. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2006:42–47.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sofroniadou K, Drossou M, Foundoulaki L, Konstantopoulos K, Kyriakoy D, Zervas J. Acute bone marrow aplasia associated with intravenous administration of deferoxamine desferrioxamine. Drug Saf. 1990;5(2):152–154.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Novartis. Important information about Excjade® deferasirox. tablet for oral suspension. FDA Medwatch report (http://www.fdagov/downloads/Safety/MedWatch/SafetyInformation/SafetyAlertsforHumanMedicalProducts/UCM154388).
   Google Scholar
• Hoffbrand AV. Deferiprone therapy for transfusional iron overload. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol. 2005;18(2):299–317.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ceci A, Baiardi P, Felisi M, The safety and effectiveness of deferiprone in a large-scale, 3-year study in Italian patients. Br J Haematol. 2002;118(1):330–336.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen AR, Galanello R, Piga A, De S, V, Tricta F. Safety and effectiveness of long-term therapy with the oral iron chelator deferiprone. Blood. 2003;102(5):1583–1587.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoffbrand AV, Bartlett AN, Veys PA, O'Connor NT, Kontoghiorghes GJ. Agranulocytosis and thrombocytopenia in patient with Blackfan-Diamond anaemia during oral chelator trial. Lancet. 1989;2(8660):457.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olivieri NF. Long-term therapy with deferiprone. Acta Haematol. 1996;95(1):37–48.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• al-Refaie FN, Wonke B, Hoffbrand AV. Deferiprone-associated myelotoxicity. Eur J Haematol. 1994;53(5):298–301.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• al-Refaie FN, Hershko C, Hoffbrand AV, Results of long-term deferiprone L1. therapy: a report by the International Study Group on Oral Iron Chelators. Br J Haematol. 1995;91(1):224–229.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henter JI, Karlen J. Fatal agranulocytosis after deferiprone therapy in a child with Diamond-Blackfan anemia. Blood. 2007;109(12):5157–5159.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schrier S, Bacon B. Iron overload syndromes other than hereditary hemochromatosis. In: Basow D, Ed. UpToDate. 200 (http://www.utdol.com/home/help/manual/citing/index.html).
   Google Scholar
• Galanello R, Campus S. Deferiprone chelation therapy for thalassemia major. Acta Haematol. 2009;122(2-3):155–164.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daar S, Pathare AV. Combined therapy with desferrioxamine and deferiprone in β thalassemia major patients with transfusional iron overload. Ann Hematol. 2006;85(5):315–319.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Origa R, Bina P, Agus A, Combined therapy with deferiprone and desferrioxamine in thalassemia major. Haematologica. 2005;90(10):1309–1314.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tanner MA, Galanello R, Dessi C, A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial of the effect of combined therapy with deferoxamine and deferiprone on myocardial iron in thalassemia major using cardiovascular magnetic resonance. Circulation. 2007;115(14):1876–1884.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Telfer PT, Warburton F, Christou S, Improved survival in thalassemia major patients on switching from desferrioxamine to combined chelation therapy with desferrioxamine and deferiprone. Haematologica. 2009;94(12):1777–1778.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maggio A, Vitrano A, Capra M, Long-term sequential deferiprone-deferoxamine versus deferiprone alone for thalassaemia major patients: a randomized clinical trial. Br J Haematol. 2009;145(2):245–254.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olivieri NF, Brittenham GM. Iron-chelating therapy and the treatment of thalassemia. Blood. 1997;89(3):739–761.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Porter JB, Hoyes KP, Abeysinghe RD, Brooks PN, Huehns ER, Hider RC. Comparison of the subacute toxicity and efficacy of 3-hydroxypyridin-4-one iron chelators in overloaded and nonoverloaded mice. Blood. 1991;78(10):2727–2734.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoyes KP, Jones HM, Abeysinghe RD, Hider RC, Porter JB. In vivo and in vitro effects of 3-hydroxypyridin-4-one chelators on murine hemopoiesis. Exp Hematol. 1993;21(1):86–92.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cunningham JM, al-Refaie FN, Hunter AE, Sheppard LN, Hoffbrand AV. Differential toxicity of alpha-keto hydroxypyridine iron chelators and desferrioxamine to human haemopoietic precursors in vitro. Eur J Haematol. 1994;52(3):176–179.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• al-Rafaie FN, Wilkes S, Wonke B, Hoffbrand AV. The effect of deferiprone (L1) and desferrioxamine on myelopoiesis using a liquid culture system. Br J Haematol. 1994; 87(1):196–198.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoffbrand AV. Oral iron chelation. Semin Hematol. 1996;33(1):1–8.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vlachaki E, Ioannidou-Papagiannaki E, Tziomalos K, Peripheral blood haematopoietic progenitor cells in patients with β thalassaemia major receiving desferrioxamine or deferiprone as chelation therapy. Eur J Haematol. 2007;78(1):48–51.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pashalidis I, Kontoghiorghes GJ. Competition studies of L1-deferiprone with copper and iron. Possible implications on efficacy, toxicity and new therapeutic applications. Transfus Sci. 2000;23(3):259–261.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Halfdanarson TR, Kumar N, Li CY, Phyliky RL, Hogan WJ. Hematological manifestations of copper deficiency: a retrospective review. Eur J Haematol. 2008;80(6):523–531.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation. 2005. Exjade Deferasirox. Prescribing Information [online] (http://www.exjade).
   Google Scholar
• al-Refaie FN, Veys PA, Wilkes S, Wonke B, Hoffbrand AV. Agranulocytosis in a patient with thalassaemia major during treatment with the oral iron chelator, 1,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxypyrid-4-one. Acta Haematol. 1993;89(2):86–90.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Beauchesne MF, Shalansky SJ. Nonchemotherapy drug-induced agranulocytosis: a review of 118 patients treated with colony-stimulating factors. Pharmacotherapy. 1999;19(3):299–305.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fukata S, Kuma K, Sugawara M. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor G-CSF. does not improve recovery from antithyroid drug-induced agranulocytosis: a prospective study. Thyroid. 1999;9(1):29–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Risks of agranulocytosis and aplastic anemia. A first report of their relation to drug use with special reference to analgesics. The International Agranulocytosis and Aplastic Anemia Study. JAMA. 1986;256(13):1749–1757.
   Google Scholar
• Hedenmalm K, Spigset O. Agranulocytosis and other blood dyscrasias associated with dipyrone metamizole. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2002;58(4):265–274.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheng WH, Hung CC, Chen YC, Antithyroid-drug-induced agranulocytosis complicated by life-threatening infections. QJM. 1999;92(8):455–461.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Flanagan RJ, Dunk L. Haematological toxicity of drugs used in psychiatry. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2008;23(Suppl. 1):27–41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ibanez L, Ballarin E, Perez E, Vidal X, Capella D, Laporte JR. Agranulocytosis induced by pyrithyldione, a sedative hypnotic drug. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2000;55(10):761–764.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• van der Klauw MM, Goudsmit R, Halie MR, A population-based case-cohort study of drug-associated agranulocytosis. Arch Intern Med. 1999;159(4):369–374.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keisu M, Wiholm BE, Palmblad J. Trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole-associated blood dyscrasias. Ten years’ experience of the Swedish spontaneous reporting system. J Intern Med. 1990;228(4):353–360.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hass WK, Easton JD, Adams HP Jr., A randomized trial comparing ticlopidine hydrochloride with aspirin for the prevention of stroke in high-risk patients. Ticlopidine Aspirin Stroke Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1989;321(8):501–507.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ibanez L, Ballarin E, Vidal X, Laport JR. Agranulocystosis associated with calcium dobesilate clinical course and risk estimatin with the case-control and the case-population approaches. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2000;56(9-10):763–767.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar