295
Views
10
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Influence of the hydrophilic–lipophilic balance of sunscreen emulsions on their water resistance property

, , &
Pages 1405-1407 | Received 09 Sep 2011, Accepted 21 Dec 2011, Published online: 22 Mar 2012

References

  • Hagedorn-Leweke UH, Lippold BC. (1998). Accumulation of sunscreens and other compounds in keratinous substrates. Eur J Pharm Biopharm, 46:215–221.
  • Diffey B. (2001). Sunscreen isn’t enough. J Photochem Photobiol B, Biol, 64:105–108.
  • Poh Agin P. (2006). Water resistance and extended wear sunscreens. Dermatol Clin, 24:75–79.
  • Koshy JC, Sharabi SE, Jerkins D, Cox J, Cronin SP, Hollier LH Jr. (2010). Sunscreens: evolving aspects of sun protection. J Pediatr Health Care, 24:343–346.
  • Leroy D, Deschamps P. (1986). Influence of formulation on sunscreen water resistance. Photodermatol, 3:52–53.
  • Boyd J, Parkinson C, Sherman P. 1972. Factors affecting emulsion stability, and the HLB concept. J Col Interface Sci, 41:359–370.
  • Verdinelli V, Messina PV, Schulz PC, Vuano B. (2008). Hydrophile–lipophile balance (HLB) of n-alkane phosphonic acids and theirs salts. Col Surfaces A, 316:131–135.
  • Schmidts T, Dobler D, Guldan AC, Paulus N, Runkel F. (2010). Multiple W/O/W emulsions—using the required HLB for emulsifier evaluation. Col Surfaces A, 372:48–54.
  • Couteau C, Pommier M, Paparis E, Coiffard LJ. (2007). Study of the efficacy of 18 sun filters authorized in European Union tested in vitro. Pharmazie, 62:449–452.
  • Diffey BL, Robson J. (1989). Sun protection factor in vitro. J Soc Cosmet Chem, 40:127–132.
  • Choquenet B, Couteau C, Paparis E, Coiffard LJ. (2008). Development of an in vitro test to determine the water-resistance of sunscreens. pharmatie, 63:S25–S27.
  • Colipa Guidelines for Evaluating Sun Product Water Resistance, 2005.
  • Food and Drug Administration. Title 21—Food and drugs. Chapter I—Food and Drug Administration, Department of Health and Human Services. Part 352—Sunscreen Drug Products for Over-The-Counter Human Use. 352.70—Standard sunscreen.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.