Respiration in tetraplegia and in hemiplegia: A review

References

• Kiwerski J., Weiss M., Chrostowska T. Analysis of mortality of patients after cervical spine trauma. Paraplegia 1981; 19: 347–351
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ravichandran G., Silver R. Survival following traumatic tetraplegia. Paraplegia 1982; 20: 264–269
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Le C. T., Price M. Survival from spinal cord injury. J. Chron. Dis. 1982; 35: 487–492
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Minaire P., Demolin P., Bourret J., Girard R., Berard E., Deider C., Eyssett M., Biron A. Life expectancy following spinal cord injury: a ten-year survey in the Rhône-alpes region, France, 1969–1980. Paraplegia 1983; 21: 11–15
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rout W., Lane D. J., Wollner L. Prognosis in acute cerebrovascular accidents in relation to respiratory pattern and blood gas tensions. Br. Med. J. 1971; 3: 7–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lei M. C., Klassen A. C., Resch J. A. Respiratory pattern disturbances in ischemic cerebral vascular disease. Stroke 1974; 5: 612–616
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fugl-Meyer A. R. Effects of respiratory muscle paralysis in tetraplegic and paraplegic patients. Scand. J. Rehabil. Med. 1971; 3: 141–150
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fugl-Meyer A. R., Grimby G. Ventilatory function in tetraplegic patients. Scand. J. Rehabil. Med. 1971; 3: 151–160
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fugl-Meyer A. P. A model for treatment of impaired ventilatory function in tetraplegic patients. Scand. J. Rehabil. Med. 1971; 3: 168–177
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fugl-Meyer A. R. chap. 19. The respiratory system. Handbook of Clinical Neurology. North Holland, Amsterdam 1976; vol. 26: 335–349
   Google Scholar
• Ohry A., Molho M., Rozin R. Alterations of pulmonary function in spinal cord injured patients. Paraplegia 1975; 13: 101–108
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Guttman L., Silver J. R. Electromyographic studies on reflex activity of the intercostal and abdominal muscles in cervical cord lesion. Paraplegia 1965; 3: 1–22
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cheshire D. J., Coates D. A. Respiratory and metabolic management in acute tetraplegia. Paraplegia 1966; 4: 1–23
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Braun S. R., Giovanni R., Levin A. B., Harvey R. F. Oxygen saturation during sleep in patients with spinal cord injury. Am. J. Phys. Med. 1982; 61: 302–309
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Glenn W. W.L., Holcomb W. G., McLaughlin A. J., O'Hare F. M., Hogan J. F., Yasuda R. Total ventilatory support in a quadriplegic patient with radiofrequency electrophrenic respiration. N. Engl. J. Med. 1972; 286: 513–516
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fodstad H., Blom S., Linderholm H. Artificial respiration by phrenic nerve stimulation (diaphragm pacing) in patients with cervical cord and brain stem lesions. Scand. J. Rehabil. Med. 1983; 15: 173–181
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cameron G. S., Scott J. W., Jousse A. T., Butterell E. H. Diaphragmatic respiration in the quadriplegic patient and the effect of position on his vital capacity. Ann. Surg. 1955; 141: 451–456
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grossiord A., Jaeger-Denavit O., Miranda A. Contribution à l'étude des troubles ventilatoires des para- et tetraplégiques. Sem. Hôp. Paris 1963; 39: 663–667
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Carter R. E. Unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis in spinal cord injury patients. Paraplegia 1980; 18: 267–273
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gross D., Ladd H. W., Riley E. J., Macklem P. T., Grassino A. The effect of training on strength and endurance of the diaphragm in quadriplegia. Am. J. Med. 1980; 68: 27–35
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bellemare F., Grassino A. Evaluation of human diaphragm fatigue. Am. Phys. Soc 1982; 1196–1206
   Google Scholar
• Eisele J., Trenchard D., Burki N., Guz A. The effect of chest-wall block on respiratory sensation and control in man. Clin. Sci. 1968; 35: 23–33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKinley A. C., Auchinloss J. H., Gilbert R., Nicholas J. J. Pulmonary function, ventilation control, and respiratory complications in quadriplegic subjects. Am. Rev. Resp. Dis. 1969; 100: 526–532
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frankel H. L., Guz A., Noble M. Respiratory sensation in patients with cervical cord transection. Paraplegia 1971; 9: 132–136
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fugl-Meyer A. R., Grimby G. Rib-cage and abdominal volume ventilation partitioning in tetraplegic patients. Scand. J. Rehabil. Med. 1971; 3: 161–167
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mortola J. P., Sant'Ambrogio G. Mechanics of breathing in tetraplegics. Am. Rev. Resp. Dis. 1979; 119: 131–134
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldman M. D., Mead J. Mechanical interaction between the diaphragm and rib-cage. J. Appl. Phys. 1973; 35: 197–204
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loring S. H., Mead J. Action of the diaphragm on the rib cage inferred from a force-balance analysis. J. Appl. Phys. 1982; 53: 756–760
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Troyer A., Heilporn A. Respiratory mechanics in quadriplegia. The respiratory function of the intercostal muscles. Am. Rev. Resp. Dis. 1980; 122: 591–600
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silver J. R., Abdel-Halim R. E. Chest movements and electromyography of the intercostal muscles in tetraplegic patients. Paraplegia 1971; 9: 123–131
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fugl-Meyer A. R. The effect of spasticity on the ventilatory function of quadriplegic patients. Proceedings of the 2nd Congress of the International Rehabilitation Medicine Association, Mexico City, 1976, 2–38
   Google Scholar
• Bake B., Fugl-Meyer A. R., Grimby G. Breathing patterns and regional ventilation distribution in tetraplegic patients and in normal subjects. Clin. Sci. 1972; 42: 117–128
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lfith D. E. Cough. J. Am. Phys. ther. Assos. 1968; 48: 439–447
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Siebens A. A., Kirby N. A., Poulos D. A. Cough following transection of spinal cord at C:6. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil 1964; 45: 1–8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Forner J. V. Lung volumes and mechanics of breathing in tetra-plegics. Paraplegia 1980; 18: 258–266
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Huldtgren A. C., Fugl-Meyer A. R., Jonasson E., Bake B. Ventilatory dysfunction and respiratory rehabilitation in post-traumatic quadriplegia. Eur. J. Resp. Dis. 1980; 61: 347–356
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Haas F., Haas A., Axen K., Pineda H. Temporal pulmonary function changes in cervical cord injury, In press
   Google Scholar
• Montero J. C., Feldman D. J., Montero D. Effects of glosso-pharyngeal breathing on respiratory function after cervical cord transection. Arch. Phys. Med. 1967; 48: 650–653
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Adkins H. V. Improvement of breathing ability in children with respiratory muscle paralysis. J. Am. Phys. Ther. Assoc 1968; 48: 577–581
   Google Scholar
• Alvarez E. S., Peterson M., Lunsford B. R. Respiratory treatment of the adult patient with spinal cord injury. J. Am. Phys. Ther. Assoc 1981; 12: 1737–1745
   Google Scholar
• Hamrin E. Activation of patients with stroke in clinical nursing care-effects on patients and staff. Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis 1981; 407
   Google Scholar
• Adams G. F. Prospects for patients with stroke, with special reference to the hypertensive hemiplegic. Br. Med. J. 1965; 2: 253
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asplund K., Fugl-Meyer A. R., Engde M., Eriksson S., Strand T. Respiratory alkalosis early after stroke; its relation to loco-motor function. Scand. J. Rehabil. Med. 1983, suppl, 9: 103–107
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Busse O., Feistner H., Dorndorf W. Die Bedeutung der Laktatkonzentration in zerebrospinalem Liquor für die Prognose des Hirninfarktes. Med. Welt 1980; 31: 1234
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haas A., Rusk H. A., Pelosoff H., Adam J. R. Respiratory function in hemiplegic patients. Arch. Phys. Med. 1967; 48: 174
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Odia G. I. Spirometry in convalescent hemiplegic patients. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 1978; 59: 319
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fugl-Meyer A. R., Linderholm H., Wilson A. F. Restrictive ventilatory dysfunction in stroke: its relation to locomotor function. Scand. J. Rehabil. Med. 1983, suppl. 9: 118–124
   Google Scholar
• Bergmark G. Zur Symptomatologie der cerebralen Lähmungen. Deutsch Zeitschr Nervenheilk 1914; 51: 62–73
   Google Scholar
• Robinson P. K., Mosberg W. H., Lowe R. C. W. Observations in diaphragmatic movement in some neurological disorders. J. Neural. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 1950; 13: 296
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Korczyn A. D., Leibowitz V., Bruderman I. Involvement of the diaphragm in hemiplegia. Neurology 1969; 19: 97
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson A. F., Fugl-Meyer A. R., Linderholm H. Chestwall abnormalities in hemiplegia.
   Google Scholar
• Korczyn A. D., Herman G., Don R. Diaphragmatic involvement in hemiplegia and hemiparesis. J. Neural. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 1969; 32: 588
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• West S. On the respiratory neuroses. Lancet 1912; 2: 1352
   Google Scholar
• Kolb L. C., Kleyntjens F. Clinical study of the respiratory movements in hemiplegia. Brain 1937; 60: 259
   Google Scholar
• Fluck D. C. Chest movements in hemiplegia. Clin. Sci. 1966; 31: 383
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar