A Clinical Score, Including Biohumoral Parameters, Is a Useful Pretest Index to Discriminate Pulmonary Infections from Radiation Damage in Chemoradiation-Treated Lung Cancer Patients

REFERENCES

• Aupérin A, Le Péchoux C, Rolland E, Curran WJ, Furuse K, Fournel P, Belderbos J, Clamon G, Ulutin HC, Paulus R, Yamanaka T, Bozonnat MC, Uitterhoeve A, Wang X, Stewart L, Arriagada R, Burdett S, Pignon JP. Meta-analysis of concomitant versus sequential radiochemotherapy in locally advanced non–small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 2010;28:2181–2190.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDonald S., Rubin P, Phillips TL, Marks RB. Injury to the lung from cancer therapy: clinical syndromes, measurable endpoints, and potential scoring system. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1995;31:1187–1203.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tucker SL, Jin H, Wei X, Wang S, Martel MK, Komaki R, Liu HH, Mohan R, Chen Y, Cox JD, Liao Z. Impact of toxicity grade and scoring system on the relationship between mean lung dose and risk of radiation pneumonitis in a large cohort of patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010;77(3):691–698.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inagaki J, Rodriguez V, Bodey GP. Proceedings: causes of death in cancer patients. Cancer 1974;33:568–573.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brambilla C, Romand P, Vanderkerckhove C, Moro D. Infection respiratoire et cancer bronchique. Rev Mal Respir 1992;9(Suppl 1):R49–R52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klastersky J. Les complications infectieuses du cancer bronchique. Rev Mal Respir 1998;15,451–15,459.
   Google Scholar
• Trodella L, Granone P, Valente S, Turriziani A, Macis G, Corbo GM, Margaritora S, Cesario A, D'Angelillo RM, Gualano G, Ramella S, Galetta D, Cellini N. Phase I trial of weekly gemcitabine and concurrent radiotherapy in patients with inoperable non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 2002;20:804–810.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galetta D, Cesario A, Margaritora S, Porziella V, Piraino A, D'Angelillo RM, Gambacorta MA, Ramella S, Trodella L, Valente S, Corbo GM, Macis G, Mulè A, Cardaci V, Sterzi S, Granone P, Russo P. Multimodality treatment of unresectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer:interim analysis of a phase II trial with preoperative gemcitabine and concurrent radiotherapy. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2006;131:314–321.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramella S, Trodella L, Mineo TC, Pompeo E, Stimato G, Gaudino D, Valentini V, Cellini F, Ciresa M, Fiore M, Piermattei A, Russo P, Cesario A, D'Angelillo RM. Adding ipsilateral V20 and V30 to conventional dosimetric constraints prediscts radiation pneumonitis in stage IIIA-B NSCLC treated with combined-modality therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2010;76(1): 110–115.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bodey GP, Buckley M, Sathe YS, Freireich EJ. Quantitative relationships between circulating leukocytes and infection in patients with acute leukemia. Ann Intern Med 1966;64:328–340.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berghmans T, Sculier JP, Klastersky J. A prospective study of infections in lung cancer patients admitted to the hospital. Chest 2003;124:114–120.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blasi F, Iori I, Bulfoni A, Corrai S, Costantini S, Lehnani D. Can CAP guideline adherence improve patient outcome in internal medicine departments? Eur Respir J. 2008;32(4):902–910.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D’ Avignon, LC, Schofield CM, Hospenthal DR. Pneumocystis pneumonia. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2008;29(2): 132–140.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richard S, Hotchkiss M, Karl IE. The pathophysiology and treatment of sepsis. New Engl J Med 2003;348(2):138–150.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Munford RS. Sepsi e shock settico. Principi di Medicina Interna Casa. Ambrosiana: Editrice, 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Russell JA. Management of sepsis. N Engl J Med 2006;355: 1699–1713.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Brien JM Jr, Ali NA, Aberegg SK. Sepsis. Am J Med. 2007; 120(12):1012–1022.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jereb M, Kotar T. Usefulness of procalcitonin to differentiate typical from atypical communityacquired pneumonia. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2006;118(5-6):170–174.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graham MV, Purdy JA, Emami B, Harms W, Bosch W, Lockett MA, Perez CA. Clinical dose–volume histogram analysis for pneumonitis after 3D treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1999;45: 323–329.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hernando ML, Marks LB, Bentel GC, Zhou SM, Hollis D, Das SK, Fan M, Munley MT, Shafman TD, Anscher MS, Lind PA. Radiation induced pulmonary toxicity: a dose–volume histogram analysis in 201 patients with lung cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2001;51:650–659.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marks LB, Munley MT, Bentel GC, Zhou SM, Hollis D, Scarfone C, Sibley GS, Kong FM, Jirtle R, Jaszczak R, Coleman RE, Tapson V, Anscher M. Physical and biological predictors of changes in whole lung function following thoracic irradiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1997;39:563–570.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsujino K, Hirota S, Endo M, Obayashi K, Kotani Y, Satouchi M, Kado T, Takada Y. Predictive value of dose–volume histogram parameters for predicting radiation pneumonitis after concurrent chemoradiation for lung cancer. Int J Radiat Biol Oncol Phys 2003;35:110–115.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yorke ED, Jackson A, Rosenzweig KE, Merrick SA, Gabrys D, Venkatraman ES, Burman CM, Leibel SA, Ling CC. Dose–volume factors contributing to the incidence of radiation pneumonitis in non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2002;54:329–339.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johansson S Bjermer L, Franzen L, Henriksson R. Effects of ongoing smoking on the development of radiation-induced pneumonitis in breast cancer and oesophagus cancer patients. Radiother Oncol 1998;49:41–47.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robnett TJ, Machtay M, Vines EF, McKenna MG, Algazy KM, McKenna WG. Factors predicting severe radiation pneumonitis in patients receiving definitive chemoradiation for lung cancer. Int J Radiat Biol Oncol Phys 2000;48:89–94.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamada M, Kudoh S, Hirata K, Nakajima T, Yoshikawa, J. Risk factors of pneumonitis following chemoradiotherapy for lung cancer. Eur J Cancer. 1998;34:71–75.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wipf JE, Lipsky BA, Hirschmann JV, Boyko EJ, Takasugi J, Peugeot RL, Davis CL. Diagnosing pneumoniae by physical examination: relevant o relic? Arch Intern Med 1999;159(10):1082–1087.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar