Mechanisms of Action and Clinical Uses of Estramustine

References

• Gunnarsson P O, Fritjofsson A, Nilsson S B. Plasma concentrations of estramustine phosphate and its major metabolites in patients with prostatic carcinoma treated with different doses of estramustine phosphate. Scand J Urol Nephrol 1981; 15: 201–206
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muntzing J, Jensen G, Hogberg B. Pilot study on the growth inhibition by estramustine phosphate (Estracyt) of rat mammary tumors sensitive and insensitive to estrogens. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol 1979; 44: 1–6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hartley-Asp B. Estramustine indicated mitotic arrest in two human prostatic carcinoma cell lives DU 145. Prostate 1984; 5: 93–100
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartley-Asp B, Gunnarsson P O. Growth and cell survival following treatment with estramustine, nor-nitrogenic mustard, estradiol and testosterone of a human prostatic cancer cell line (DU 145). J Urol 1982; 127: 818–822
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tew K D, Erickson L C, White G, et al. Cytotoxicity of a steroidnitrogen mustard derivative through non-DNA targets. Molec Pharmacol 1983; 24: 324–328
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wallin M, Deinura J, Friden B. Interaction of estramustine phosphate with microtubule-associated proteins. FEBS Letters 1985; 179: 289–293
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stearns M D, Tew K D. Interaction of estramustine with microtubule associated proteins in vitro. Ann NY Acad Sci 1987; 507: 358–361
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kanje M, Deinum J, Wallin M, et al. The effect of estramustine phosphate on the assembly of isolated brain microtubules and fast axonal transport. Cancer Res 1985; 45: 2334–2339
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stearns M E, Tew K D. Antimicrotubule effects of estramustine on antiprostatic tumor drug. Cancer Res 1985; 45: 3891–3897
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mareel M H, Storme G A, Dragonetti C H, et al. Antiinvasive activity of estramustine on malignant Mo 4 mouse cells and DU 145 human prostate carcinoma cells in vitro. Cancer Res 1988; 48: 1842–1849
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartley-Asp B, Kruse E. The nuclear protein matrix as a target for estramustine induced cell death. Prostate 1986; 9: 387–395
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fritjofsson A, Bjork P, Gunnarsson P O, Norlen B J. Binding and accumulation of active metabolites in tumours from prostatic cancer patients treated with Estracyt. Proc 13th Int Congress Chemotherapy, K H Spitzy, K Karrer, H. Egerman. Vienna 1983
   Google Scholar
• Forsgren B, Bjork P, Carlstrom K, et al. Purification and distribution of a major protein in rat prostate that binds estramustine, a nitrogen mustard derivative of estradiol 17 B. Proc Natl Acad Sci (USA) 1979; 76: 3149–3153
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bjork P, Forsgren B, Gustafsson J-A, et al. Partical characterization on quantitation of a human prostatic estramustine binding protein. Cancer Res 1982; 42: 1935–1942
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yagoda A, Watson R C, Natale R B, et al. A critical analysis of response criteria in patients with prostatic cancer treated with cis-diamminedichloride platinum II. Cancer 1979; 44: 1553–62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benson R C, Jr. Role of estramustine phosphate in the treatment of prostate cancer. Estracyt, Scientific Edition 2., H Schafers, Utrecht 1988; 35–64
   Google Scholar
• Scher S, Sternberg C N. Chemotherapy of urologic malignancy. Sem Urol 1985; 3: 329–381
   Google Scholar
• Loening S A, Beckley S, Brady M F, et al. Comparison of estramustine phosphate, methotrexate and cisplatinum in patients with advanced hormone refractory prostate cancer. J Urol 1983; 129: 1001–1006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murphy G P, Gibbons R P, Johnson D E, et al. A comparison of estramustine phosphate and streptozotocin in patients with advanced prostatic carcinoma who have had extensive radiation. J Urol 1977; 118: 288–291
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soloway M S, deKeraion J B, Gibbons R P, et al. Comparison of estramustine phosphate and vincristine alone or in combination for patients with advanced hormone refractory, previously irradiated carcinoma of the prostate. J Urol 1981; 125: 664–667
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soloway M S, Beckley S, Brady M F, et al. A comparison of estramustine phosphate versus cisplatinum alone versus estramustine phosphate plus cisplatinum in patients with advanced hormone refractory prostate cancer who had had extensive irradiation to pelvis or lumbosacral area. J Urol 1983; 129: 56–61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pavone-Macaluso M. Value of chemotherapy in prostate cancer: Management and present data on EORIC therapy trials. Prostate Cancer, G H Jacobi, R Hohenfellner. William & Wilkins, Baltimore/London 1982; 321–339
   Google Scholar
• Konyves I, Muntzing J, Rosencweig M. Chemotherapy principles in the treatment of prostatic cancer. Prostate 1984; 5: 55–62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edsmyr F, Andersson L, Konyves I. Estramustine phosphate (Estracyt): Experimental studies and clinical experience. Prostate Cancer, G H Jacobi, R Hohenfellner. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore/London 1982; 253–268
   Google Scholar
• Andersson L, Berlin T, Boman J, et al. Estramustine versus conventional estrogenic hormones in the initial treatment of highly or moderately differentiated prostatic carcinoma. A randomized study. Scand J Urol Nephrol 1980; 55(Suppl)143–145
   Google Scholar
• Smith P H, Robinson M RG, Richards B, et al. A comparison of the effect of diethylstilbestrol with low dose estramustine phosphate in the treatment of advance prostatic cancer: Final analysis of the phase III trial of the European Organization for Research on Treatment of Cancer. J Urol 1986; 136: 619–623
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hauchercorne J, et al. French multicenter study on the use of estramustine phosphate versus diethylstilbestrol. Prostate Cancer, Part B: Imaging Techniques, Radiotherapy, Chemotherapy, and Management Issues. Alan R. Liss, New York 1987; 229–234
   Google Scholar
• Murphy G P, Huben R P, Priore R. Results of another trial of chemotherapy with and without hormones in patients with newly diagnosed metastatic prostate cancer. Urology 1986; 28: 36–40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lundgren R, Sundin T, Leinstedt E, et al. Cardiovascular complications of estrogen therapy for nondisseminated prostatic carcinoma. Scand J Urol Nephrol 1986; 20: 101–105
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• deVoogt J H, Smith P H, Pavone-Macaluso M, et al. Cardiovascular side effects of diethylstilbesrol, cyproterone acetate, medroxyprogesterone acetate and estramustine phosphate used for the treatment of advanced prostatic cancer: Results from European Organization for Research on Treatment of Cancer trial 30761 and 30762. J Urol 1986; 135: 303–307
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hedlund P O, Gustafsson H, Sjogren S. Cardiovascular complications to treatment of prostate cancer with estramustine phosphate (Estracyt) or conventional estrogen. A follow-up of 212 randomized patients. Scand J Urol Nephrol 1980; 55(Suppl)103–105
   Google Scholar
• Lundgren R, Sundin T, Leinstedt E, et al. Cardiovascular complication of estrogen therapy for nondisseminated prostatic carcinoma. Scand J Urol Nephrol 1986; 20: 101–105
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar