10
Views
4
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Pap Smears, Elderly Women, and Medicare

Pages 164-168 | Published online: 11 Jun 2009

References

  • Eddy D M. ACS report on the cancer-related health checkup. CA 1980; 30: 194–240
  • National Center for Statistics Health. Characteristics of females ever having a Pap smear and interval since last Pap smear. United States, 1973. Monthly Vital Statistics Report. Health Interview Survey, Provisional Data (HRA) 76–1120, Vol 24. No 7 (Suppl). US Departnient of Health, Education, and Welfare, Washington, DC October, 1975
  • Dickinson L, Mussey M E, Soule E H. Evaluation of the effectiveness of cytologic screening for cervical cancer. I Incidence and mortality trends in relation to screening. Mayo Clin Proc 1972; 42: 534–555
  • Kim K, Rigel R D, Patrick J R. The changing trends of uterine cancer and cytology: A study of morbidity and mortality trends over a twenty-year period. Cancer 1978; 42: 2439–2449
  • Lundin F E, Christopherson W M, Mendez W M. Morhidity from cervical cancer: Effects of cervical cytology and socioeco-nomic status. J Natl Cancer lnst 1965; 35: 1015–1025
  • Pollack E S. Cancer incidence trends in the United States: Some methodological problems. Trends in Cancer Incidence, K Magnus. Hemisphere, Washington, DC 1982
  • Johannesson G, Geirsson G, Day N. The effect of mass screening in Iceland, 1965–74, on the incidence and mortality of cervical carcinoma. Int J Cancer 1978; 21: 418–425
  • National Cancer Institute. Cancer Statistics Review 1973–1986. National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD May, 1989
  • Laara E, Day E, Hakama M. Trends in mortality from cervical cancer in the Nordic countries: Association with organised screening programmes. Lancet 1987; 2: 1247–1248
  • Miller A B, Lindsay J, Hill G B. Mortdity froni cancer of the uterus in Canada and its relationship to screening tor cancer of the cervix. Int J Cancer 1976; 17: 602–612
  • Muller C, Mandelblatt J, Schectcr C J. Costs and Effectiveness of Cervical Cancer Screening in Elderly Women. Office of Technology Assessment. Washington, DC February, 1990
  • Aristizabal N, Cuello C, Correa P. The impact of vaginal cytology on cervical cancer risks in Cali, Colombia. Int J Cancer 1984; 34: 5–9
  • Clarke E A, Anderson T W. Does screening by “Pap” smears help prevent cervical cancer. Lancet 1979; 2: 1–4
  • Gluck M E, Wagner J L, Duffy B D. The Use of Preventive Services by the Elderly. Office of Technology Assessment, Washington, DC January, 1989
  • Hayward R A, Shapiro M, Freeman H F. Who gets screened for cervical and breast cancer. Arch Intern Med 1988; 148: 1177–1181
  • US Congress, Office of Technology Asxssment. Preventive Health Services for Medicare Beneficiaries: Policy and Research Issues. Office of Technology Assessment, Washington, DC February, 1990
  • Sisk J E, Riegelman R K. Cost effectiveness of vaccination against pneumococcal pneumonia: An update. Ann Intern Med 1986; 104: 79–86
  • Medicare to help pay for Pap screenings. Mod Healthcare July 9, 1990; 20: 9
  • Nasiell K, Nasiell M, Vaclavinkova V. Behavior of moderate cervical dysplasia during long-term follow-up. Obstet Gynecol 1983; 61: 609–614
  • Weintraub N J, Viola E, Freedman M L. Cervical cancer screening in women aged 65 and over. J Am Ceriatr Soc 1987; 35: 2370–875
  • Robertson A J, Reid G S, Stoker C A. Evaluation of a call programme for cervical cytology screening in women aged 50–60. Br Med J 1989; 299: 163–165
  • Hamblin J E, Brock C D, Litchfield L. Papanicolaou smear adequacy: Effect of different techniques in specific fertility states. J Fam Pract 1985; 20: 257–260
  • Mandelblatt J, Gopaul I, Wistreich M. Gynecological care of elderly women: Another look at Papanicolaou smear testing. JAMA 1986; 256: 367–371
  • Jones D ED, Creasman W T, Dombroski R A. Evaluation of the atypical Pap smear. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1987; 157: 544
  • Stafl A, Friedrich J R, Mattingly R F. Detection of cervical neo-plasia—Reducing the risk of error. Clin Obstet Gynecol 1973; 16: 238–260
  • Walker E M, Dodgson J, Duncan I D. Does mild atypia on a cervical smear warrant further investigation. Lancet 1986; 2: 672–673

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.