CIRCADIAN PATTERN OF AMBULATORY BLOOD PRESSURE IN UNTREATED HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS WITH AND WITHOUT METABOLIC SYNDROME

REFERENCES

• Asmar R, Vol S, Brisac AM, Tichet J, Topouchian J. (2001). Reference values for clinic pulse pressure in a nonselected population.Am. J. Hypertens. 14:415–418.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baguet JP, Hammer L, Lévy P, Pierre H, Rossini E, Mouret S, Ormezzano O, Mallion JM, Pépin JL. (2005). Night-time and diastolic hypertension are common and underestimated conditions in newly diagnosed apnoeic patients.J. Hypertens. 23:521–527.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bastos JM, Bertoquini S, Polonia J. (2007). Relationship of circadian blood pressure and morning blood pressure surge with the severity of metabolic syndrome in newly diagnosed hypertensives.Rev. Port. Cardiol. 26:731–741.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Benetos A, Safar M, Rudnichi A, Smulyan H, Richard JI, Ducimetiere P, Guize L. (1997). Pulse pressure: A predictor of long-term cardiovascular mortality in a French male population.Hypertension 30:1410–1415.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blacher J, Gasowski J, Staessen JA, Girerd X, This L, Liu L, Wang JG, Fagard R, Safar ME. (2000). Pulse pressure—not mean pressure—determines cardiovascular risk in older hypertensive patients.Arch. Med. 160:1085–1089.
   Google Scholar
• Brotman DJ, Davidson MB, Boumitri M, Vidt DG. (2008). Impaired diurnal blood pressure variation and all-cause mortality.Am. J. Hypertens. 21:92–97.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cuspidi C, Meani S, Fusi V, Severgnini B, Valerio C, Catini E, Leonetti G, Magrini F, Zanchetti A. (2004a). Metabolic syndrome and target organ damage in untreated essential hypertensives.J. Hypertens. 22:1991–1998.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cuspidi C, Meani S, Fusi V, Severgnini B, Valerio C, Catini E, Sala C, Magrini F, Zanchetti A. (2004b). Is the nocturnal fall in blood pressure reduced in essential hypertensive patients with metabolic syndrome?.Blood Press. 13:230–235.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cuspidi C, Meani S, Valerio C, Catini E, Fusi V, Sala C, Zanchetti A. (2005). Metabolic syndrome score and ambulatory blood pressure in untreated essential hypertension.Blood Press. Monit. 10:175–180.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dolan E, Stanton A, Thijs L, Hinedi K, Atkins N, McClory S, Den Hond E, McCormack P, Staessen JA, O'Brien E. (2005). Superiority of ambulatory over clinic blood pressure measurement in predicting mortality: The Dublin outcome study.Hypertension 46:156–161.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernández JR, Hermida RC. (1998). Inferential statistical method for analysis of nonsinusoidal hybrid time series with unequidistant observations.Chronobiol. Int. 15:191–204.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernández JR, Mojón A, Hermida RC. (2004). Comparison of parameters from rhythmometric models with multiple components on hybrid data.Chronobiol. Int. 21:467–482.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fogari R, Zoppi A, Malamani GD, Lazzari P, Destro M, Corradi L. (1993). Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in normotensive and hypertensive type 2 diabetes. Prevalence of impaired diurnal blood pressure patterns.Am. J. Hypertens. 6:1–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foss CH, Vestbo E, Froland A, Gjessing HJ, Mogensen CE, Damsgaard EM. (2000). Normal blood pressure and preserved diurnal variation in offspring of type 2 diabetic patients characterized by features of the metabolic syndrome: The Fredericia Study.Diabetes Care 23:283–289.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franklin SS, Khan SA, Wong ND, Larson MG, Levy D. (1999). Is pulse pressure useful in predicting risk for coronary heart disease? The Framingham Heart Study.Circulation 100:354–360.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grundy SM, Cleeman JI, Daniels SR, Donato KA, Eckel RH, Franklin BA, Gordon DJ, Frauss RM, Savage PJ, Smith SC, Spertus JA, Costa F. (2005). Diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome. An American Hearty Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Scientific Statement.Circulation 112:2735–2752.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hermida RC. (2007). Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in the prediction of cardiovascular events and effects of chronotherapy: Rationale and design of the MAPEC study.Chronobiol. Int. 24:749–775.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hermida RC, Calvo C, Ayala DE, Mojón A, López JE. (2002). Relationship between physical activity nd blood pressure in dipper and nondipper hypertensive patients.J. Hypertens. 20:1097–1104.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hermida RC, Calvo C, Ayala DE, Domínguez MJ, Covelo M, Fernández JR, Fontao MJ, López JE. (2004). Administration-time-dependent effects of doxazosin GITS on ambulatory blood pressure of hypertensive subjects.Chronobiol. Int. 21:277–296.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hermida RC, Ayala DE, Calvo C, Portaluppi F, Smolensky MH. (2007a). Chronotherapy of hypertension: Administration-time-dependent effects of treatment on the circadian pattern of blood pressure.Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 59:923–939.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hermida RC, Ayala DE, Fernández JR, Calvo C. (2007b). Comparison of the efficacy of morning versus evening administration of telmisartan in essential hypertension.Hypertension 50:715–722.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hermida RC, Calvo C, Ayala DE, López JE, Rodríguez M, Chayán L, Mojón A, Fontao MJ, Fernández JR. (2007c). Dose and administration-time-dependent effects of nifedipine GITS on ambulatory blood pressure in hypertensive subjects.Chronobiol. Int. 24:471–493.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hermida RC, Ayala DE, Mojón A, Chayán L, Domínguez MJ, Fontao MJ, Soler R, Alonso I, Fernández JR. (2008). Comparison of the effects on ambulatory blood pressure of awakening versus bedtime administration of torasemide in essential hypertension.Chronobiol. Int. 25:950–970.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hermida RC, Ayala DE, Chayán L, Mojón A, Fernández JR. (2009a). Administration-time-dependent effects of olmesartan on the ambulatory blood pressure of essential hypertension patients.Chronobiol. Int. 26:61–79.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hermida RC, Chayán L, Ayala DE, Mojón A, Domínguez MJ, Fontao MJ, Soler R, Alonso I, Fernández JR. (2009b). Association of metabolic syndrome and blood pressure non-dipping profile in untreated hypertension.Am. J. Hypertens. 22:307–313.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Isomaa B, Almgren P, Tuomi T, Forsén B, Lahti K, Nissén M, Taskinen MR, Groop L. (2001). Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with the metabolic syndrome.Diabetes Care 24:683–689.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kikuya M, Ohkubo T, Asayama K, Metoki H, Obara T, Saito S, Hashimoto J, Totsune K, Hoshi H, Satoh H, Imai Y. (2005). Ambulatory blood pressure and 10-year risk of cardiovascular and noncardiovascular mortality. The Ohasama Study.Hypertension 45:240–245.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koga H, Hayashi J, Yamamoto M, Kitamoto K. (2005). Prevention of morning surge of hypertension by the evening administration of carvedilol.Jpn. Med. Assoc. J. 48:398–403.
   Google Scholar
• Kotsis V, Stabouli S, Bouldin M, Low A, Toumanidis S, Zakopoulos N. (2005). Impact of obesity on 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure and hypertension.Hypertension 45:602–607.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Macchia A, Levantesi G, Borrelli G, Franzosi MG, Maggioni AP, Marfisi RM, Scarano M, Tavazzi L, Tognoni G, Valagussa F, Marchioli R. (2006). A clinically practicable diagnostic score for metabolic syndrome improves its predictivity of diabetes mellitus: The Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nellÍnfarto miocardico (GISSI)-Prevenzione scoring.Am. Heart J. 151:654.e7–754.e17.
   Google Scholar
• Madhavan S, Ooi WL, Cohen H, Alderman MH. (1994). Relation of pulse pressure and blood pressure reduction to the incidence of myocardial infarction.Hypertension 23:395–401.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mancia G, Bombelli M, Corrao G, Facchetti R, Madotto F, Giannattasio C, Trevano FQ, Grassi G, Zanchetti A, Sega R. (2007a). Metabolic syndrome in the Pressioni Arteriose Monitorate E Loro Associazioni (PAMELA) Study. Daily life blood pressure, cardiac damage, and prognosis.Hypertension 49:40–47.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mancia G, De Backer G, Dominiczak A, Cifkova R, Fagard R, Germano G, Grassi G, Heagerty AM, Kjeldsen SE, Laurent S, Narkiewicz K, Ruilope L, Rynkiewicz A, Schmieder RE, Struijker HA.J, Zanchetti A. (2007b). 2007 guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. The Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC).J. Hypertens. 25:1105–1187.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masugata H, Senda S, Goda F, Yoshihara Y, Yoshikawa K, Fujita N, Daikuhara H, Nakamura H, Taoka T, Khono M. (2006). Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction as assessed by echocardiography in metabolic syndrome.Hypertens. Res. 29:897–903.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mulè G, Cottone S, Mongiovi R, Cusimano P, Mezzatesta G, Seddio G, Volpe V, Nardi E, Andronico G, Piazza G, Cerasola G. (2006). Influence of metabolic syndrome on aortic stiffness in never treated hypertensive patients.Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis. 16:54–59.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mulè G, Nardi E, Cottone S, Cusimano P, Incalcaterra F, Palermo A, Giandalia ME, Mezzatesta G, Andronico G, Cerasola G. (2007). Relationship of metabolic syndrome with pulse pressure in patients with essential hypertension.Am. J. Hypertens. 20:197–203.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohkubo T, Hozawa A, Yamaguchi J, Kikuya M, Ohmori K, Michimata M, Matsubara M, Hashimoto J, Hoshi H, Araki T, Tsuji I, Satoh H, Hisamichi S, Imai Y. (2002). Prognostic significance of the nocturnal decline in blood pressure in individuals with and without high 24-h blood pressure: The Ohasama study.J. Hypertens. 20:2183–2189.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohmori M, Fujimura A. (2005). ACE inhibitors and chronotherapy.Clin. Exp. Hypertens. 2 & 3:179–185.
   Google Scholar
• Palaniappan L, Carnethon M, Fortman SP. (2003). Association between microalbuminuria and the metabolic syndrome: NHANES III.Am. J. Hypertens. 16:952–958.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Portaluppi F, Touitou Y, Smolensky MH. (2008). Ethical and methodological standards for laboratory and medical biological rhythm research.Chronobiol. Int. 25:999–1016.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ridker PM, Buring JE, Cook NR, Rifai N. (2003). C-reactive protein, the metabolic syndrome, and risk of incident cardiovascular events. An eight-year follow-up of 14,719 initially healthy American women.Circulation 107:391–397.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rutter MK, McComb JM, Forster J, Brady S, Marshall SM. (2000). Increased left ventricular mass index and nocturnal systolic blood pressure in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus and microalbuminuria.Diabet. Med. 17:321–325.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schillaci G, Pirro M, Vaudo G, Gemelli F, Marchesi S, Porcellati C, Mannarino E. (2004). Prognostic value of the metabolic syndrome in essential hypertension.J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 43:1817–1822.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schillaci G, Pirro M, Vaudo G, Mannarino MR, Savarese G, Pucci G, Franklin SS, Mannarino E. (2005). Metabolic syndrome is associated with aortic stiffness in untreated essential hypertension.Hypertension 45:1078–1082.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schillaci G, Pirro M, Pucci G, Mannarino MR, Gemelli F, Siepi D, Vaudo G, Mannarino E. (2006). Different impact of the metabolic syndrome on left ventricular structure and function in hypertensive men and women.Hypertension 47:881–886.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Staessen JA, Thijs L, Fagard R, O´Brien ET, Clement D, de Leeuw PW, Mancia G, Nachev C, Palatini P, Parati G, Tuomilehto J, Webster J, for the Systolic Hypertension in Europe (Syst-Eur) Trial Investigators. (1999). Predicting cardiovascular risk using conventional vs. ambulatory blood pressure in older patients with systolic hypertension.JAMA 282:539–546.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tartan Z, Uyarel H, Kasikcioglu H, Alper AT, Ozay B, Bilsen T, Gul M, Ozturk R, Cam N. (2006). Metabolic syndrome as a predictor of non-dipping hypertension.Tohoku J. Exp. Med. 210:57–66.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verdecchia P, Porcellati C, Schillaci G, Borgioni C, Ciucci A, Battistell M, Guerrieri M, Gatteschi C, Zampi I, Santucci A, Santucci C, Reboldi G. (1994). Ambulatory blood pressure: An independent predictor of prognosis in essential hypertension.Hypertension 24:793–801.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verdecchia P, Schillaci G, Borgioni C, Ciucci A, Pede S, Porcellati C. (1998). Ambulatory pulse pressure: A potent predictor of total cardiovascular risk in hypertension.Hypertension 32:983–988.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verdecchia P, Schillaci G, Reboldi G, Franklin SS, Porcellati C. (2001). Different prognostic impact of 24-hour mean blood pressure and pulse pressure on stroke and coronary artery disease in essential hypertension.Circulation 103:2579–2584.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vyssoulis GP, Karpanou EA, Kyvelou SMG, Adamopoulos DN, Deligeorgis AD, Spanos PG, Pietri PG, Cokkinos DF, Stefanadis CI. (2007). Nocturnal blood pressure fall and metabolic syndrome score in hypertensive patients.Blood Press. Monit. 12:351–356.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White WB, Mansoor GA, Pickering TG, Vidt DG, Hutchinson HG, Johnson RB, Noveck R. (1999). Differential effects of morning and evening dosing of nisoldipine ER on circadian blood pressure and heart rate.Am. J. Hypertens. 12:806–814.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar