PREDICTING HUMAN NOCTURNAL NONVISUAL RESPONSES TO MONOCHROMATIC AND POLYCHROMATIC LIGHT WITH A MELANOPSIN PHOTOSENSITIVITY FUNCTION

REFERENCES

• Akerstedt T, Gillberg M. (1990). Subjective and objective sleepiness in the active individual. Int. J. Neurosci. 52:29–37.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Altimus CM, Guler AD, Villa KL, McNeill DS, Legates TA, Hattar S. (2008). Rods-cones and melanopsin detect light and dark to modulate sleep independent of image formation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 105:19998–20003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berson DM, Dunn FA, Takao M. (2002). Phototransduction by retinal ganglion cells that set the circadian clock. Science 295:1070–1073.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brainard GC, Hanifin JP, Greeson JM, Byrne B, Glickman G, Gerner E, Rollag MD. (2001). Action spectrum for melatonin regulation in humans: evidence for a novel circadian photoreceptor. J. Neurosci. 21:6405–6412.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cajochen C, Zeitzer JM, Czeisler CA, Dijk DJ. (2000). Dose-response relationship for light intensity and ocular and electroencephalographic correlates of human alertness. Behav. Brain Res. 115:75–83.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cajochen C, Munch M, Kobialka S, Krauchi K, Steiner R, Oelhafen P, Orgul S, Wirz-Justice A. (2005). High sensitivity of human melatonin, alertness, thermoregulation, and heart rate to short wavelength light. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 90:1311–1316.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dacey DM, Liao HW, Peterson BB, Robinson FR, Smith VC, Pokorny J, Yau KW, Gamlin PD. (2005). Melanopsin-expressing ganglion cells in primate retina signal colour and irradiance and project to the LGN. Nature 433:749–754.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dartnall HJ. (1953). The interpretation of spectral sensitivity curves. Br. Med. Bull. 9:24–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fraser S, Cowen P, Franklin M, Franey C, Arendt J. (1983). Direct radioimmunoassay for melatonin in plasma. Clin. Chem. 29:396–397.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gooley JJ, Lu J, Chou TC, Scammell TE, Saper CB. (2001). Melanopsin in cells of origin of the retinohypothalamic tract. Nat. Neurosci. 4:1165.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gooley JJ, Rajaratnam SMW, Brainard GC, Kronauer RE, Czeisler CA, Lockley SW. (2010). Spectral responses of the human circadian system depend on the irradiance and duration of exposure to light. Sci. Transl. Med. 2:21ra33.
   Google Scholar
• Guler AD, Ecker JL, Lall GS, Haq S, Altimus CM, Liao HW, Barnard AR, Cahill H, Badea TC, Zhao H, Hankins MW, Berson DM, Lucas RJ, Yau KW, Hattar S. (2008). Melanopsin cells are the principal conduits for rod-cone input to non-image-forming vision. Nature 453:102–105.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hattar S, Lucas RJ, Mrosovsky N, Thompson S, Douglas RH, Hankins MW, Lem J, Biel M, Hofmann F, Foster RG, Yau KW. (2003). Melanopsin and rod-cone photoreceptive systems account for all major accessory visual functions in mice. Nature 424:76–81.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hebert M, Martin SK, Lee C, Eastman CI. (2002). The effects of prior light history on the suppression of melatonin by light in humans. J. Pineal Res. 33:198–203.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herljevic M, Middleton B, Thapan K, Skene DJ. (2005). Light-induced melatonin suppression: age-related reduction in response to short wavelength light. Exp. Gerontol. 40:237–242.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jasser SA, Hanifin JP, Rollag MD, Brainard GC. (2006). Dim light adaptation attenuates acute melatonin suppression in humans. J. Biol. Rhythms 21:394–404
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lall GS, Revell VL, Momiji H, El Enazi J, Altimus CM, Güler AD, Aguilar C, Cameron MA, Allender S, Hankins MW, Lucas RJ. (2010). Distinct contributions of rod, cone and melanopsin photoreceptors to encoding irradiance. Neuron 66:417–428.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lockley SW, Brainard GC, Czeisler CA. (2003). High sensitivity of the human circadian melatonin rhythm to resetting by short wavelength light. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 88:4502–4505.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lockley SW, Evans EE, Scheer FA, Brainard GC, Czeisler CA, Aeschbach D. (2006). Short-wavelength sensitivity for the direct effects of light on alertness, vigilance, and the waking electroencephalogram in humans. Sleep 29:161–168.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lockley SW, Dijk DJ, Kosti O, Skene DJ, Arendt J. (2008). Alertness, mood and performance rhythm disturbances associated with circadian sleep disorders in the blind. J. Sleep Res. 17:207–216.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lucas RJ, Douglas RH, Foster RG. (2001). Characterization of an ocular photopigment capable of driving pupillary constriction in mice. Nat. Neurosci. 4:621–626.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lucas RJ, Hattar S, Takao M, Berson DM, Foster RG, Yau KW. (2003). Diminished pupillary light reflex at high irradiances in melanopsin-knockout mice. Science 299:245–247.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lupi D, Oster H, Thompson S, Foster RG. (2008). The acute light-induction of sleep is mediated by OPN4-based photoreception. Nat. Neurosci. 11:1068–1073.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Melyan Z, Tarttelin EE, Bellingham J, Lucas RJ, Hankins MW. (2005). Addition of human melanopsin renders mammalian cells photoresponsive. Nature 433:741–745.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mure LS, Rieux C, Hattar S, Cooper HM. (2007). Melanopsin-dependent nonvisual responses: evidence for photopigment bistability in vivo. J. Biol. Rhythms 22:411–424.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mure LS, Cornut PL, Rieux C, Drouyer E, Denis P, Gronfier C, Cooper HM. (2009). Melanopsin bistability: a fly's eye technology in the human retina. PLoS One 4:pe5991.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Portaluppi F, Touitou Y, Smolensky MH. (2008). Ethical and methodological standards for laboratory and medical biological rhythm research. Chronobiol. Int. 25:999–1016.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Provencio I, Rodriguez IR, Jiang G, Hayes WP, Moreira EF, Rollag MD. (2000). A novel human opsin in the inner retina. J. Neurosci. 20:600–605.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Revell VL, Skene DJ. (2007). Light-induced melatonin suppression in humans with polychromatic and monochromatic light. Chronobiol. Int. 24:1125–1137.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Revell VL, Arendt J, Terman M, Skene DJ. (2005). Short-wavelength sensitivity of the human circadian system to phase-advancing light. J. Biol. Rhythms 20:270–272.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Revell VL, Arendt J, Fogg LF, Skene DJ. (2006). Alerting effects of light are sensitive to very short wavelengths. Neurosci. Lett. 399:96–100.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruby NF, Brennan TJ, Xie X, Cao V, Franken P, Heller HC, O'Hara BF. (2002). Role of melanopsin in circadian responses to light. Science 298:2211–2213.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sletten TL, Revell VL, Middleton B, Lederle KA, Skene DJ. (2009). Age-related changes in acute and phase-advancing responses to monochromatic light. J. Biol. Rhythms. 24:73–84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith KA, Schoen MW, Czeisler CA. (2004). Adaptation of human pineal melatonin suppression by recent photic history. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 87:3610–3614.
   Google Scholar
• Thapan K, Arendt J, Skene DJ. (2001). An action spectrum for melatonin suppression: evidence for a novel non-rod, non-cone photoreceptor system in humans. J. Physiol. 535:261–267.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson S, Lupi D, Hankins MW, Peirson SN, Foster RG. (2008). The effects of rod and cone loss on the photic regulation of locomotor activity and heart rate. Eur. J. Neurosci. 28:724–729.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tsai JW, Hannibal J, Hagiwara G, Colas D, Ruppert E, Ruby NF, Heller HC, Franken P, Bourgin P. (2009). Melanopsin as a sleep modulator: circadian gating of the direct effects of light on sleep and altered sleep homeostasis in Opn4(−/−) mice. PLoS Biol. 7:pe1000125.
   Google Scholar