EVENING PREFERENCE IS RELATED TO THE INCIDENCE OF DEPRESSIVE STATES INDEPENDENT OF SLEEP-WAKE CONDITIONS

REFERENCES

• Ahn YM, Chang J, Joo YH, Kim SC, Lee KY, Kim YS. (2008). Chronotype distribution in bipolar I disorder and schizophrenia in a Korean sample. Bipolar Disord. 10:271–275.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alexopoulos GS, Schultz SK, Lebowitz BD. (2005). Late-life depression: a model for medical classification. Biol. Psychiatry 58:283–289.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Archer SN, Robilliard DL, Skene DJ, Smits M, Williams A, Arendt J, von Schantz M. (2003). A length polymorphism in the circadian clock gene Per3 is linked to delayed sleep phase syndrome and extreme diurnal preference. Sleep 26:413–415.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Artioli P, Lorenzi C, Pirovano A, Serretti A, Benedetti F, Catalano M, Smeraldi E. (2007). How do genes exert their role? Period 3 gene variants and possible influences on mood disorder phenotypes. Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol. 17:587–594.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baehr EK, Revelle W, Eastman CI. (2000). Individual differences in the phase and amplitude of the human circadian temperature rhythm: with an emphasis on morningness-eveningness. J. Sleep Res. 9:117–127.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bailey SL, Heitkemper MM. (2001). Circadian rhythmicity of cortisol and body temperature: morningness-eveningness effects. Chronobiol. Int. 18:249–261.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnard AR, Nolan PM. (2008). When clocks go bad: neurobehavioural consequences of disrupted circadian timing. PLoS Genet. 4:e1000040.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benedetti F, Serretti A, Colombo C, Barbini B, Lorenzi C, Campori E, Smeraldi E. (2003). Influence of CLOCK gene polymorphism on circadian mood fluctuation and illness recurrence in bipolar depression. Am. J. Med. Genet. B Neuropsychiatr. Genet. 123B:23–26.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buysse DJ, Reynolds CF, 3rd, Monk TH, Berman SR, Kupfer DJ. (1989). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Res. 28:193–213.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cajori F. (1914). A new marking system and means of measuring mathematical abilities. Science 39:874–881.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Carrier J, Monk TH, Buysse DJ, Kupfer DJ. (1997). Sleep and morningness-eveningness in the ‘middle’ years of life (20–59 y). J. Sleep Res. 6:230–237.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caspi A, Sugden K, Moffitt TE, Taylor A, Craig IW, Harrington H, McClay J, Mill J, Martin J, Braithwaite A, Poulton R. (2003). Influence of life stress on depression: moderation by a polymorphism in the 5-HTT gene. Science 301:386–389.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chelminski I, Ferraro FR, Petros TV, Plaud JJ. (1999). An analysis of the “eveningness-morningness” dimension in “depressive” college students. J. Affect. Disord. 52:19–29.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences, 2nd. ed. Hillsdale, NJ, England: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
   Google Scholar
• Doi Y, Minowa M, Uchiyama M, Okawa M, Kim K, Shibui K, Kamei Y. (2000). Psychometric assessment of subjective sleep quality using the Japanese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI-J) in psychiatric disordered and control subjects. Psychiatry Res. 97:165–172.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drennan MD, Klauber MR, Kripke DF, Goyette LM. (1991). The effects of depression and age on the Horne-Ostberg morningness-eveningness score. J. Affect. Disord. 23:93–98.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duffy JF, Dijk DJ, Hall EF, Czeisler CA. (1999). Relationship of endogenous circadian melatonin and temperature rhythms to self-reported preference for morning or evening activity in young and older people. J. Investig. Med. 47:141–150.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duffy JF, Rimmer DW, Czeisler CA. (2001). Association of intrinsic circadian period with morningness-eveningness, usual wake time, and circadian phase. Behav. Neurosci. 115:895–899.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fava M, Kendler KS. (2000). Major depressive disorder. Neuron 28:335–341.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ford DE, Kamerow DB. (1989). Epidemiologic study of sleep disturbances and psychiatric disorders. An opportunity for prevention? JAMA 262:1479–1484.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaspar-Barba E, Calati R, Cruz-Fuentes CS, Ontiveros-Uribe MP, Natale V, De Ronchi D, Serretti A. (2009). Depressive symptomatology is influenced by chronotypes. J. Affect. Disord. 119:100–106.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Germain A, Kupfer DJ. (2008). Circadian rhythm disturbances in depression. Hum. Psychopharmacol. 23:571–585.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gould TD, Manji HK. (2005). Glycogen synthase kinase-3: a putative molecular target for lithium mimetic drugs. Neuropsychopharmacology 30:1223–1237.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hidalgo MP, Caumo W, Posser M, Coccaro SB, Camozzato AL, Chaves ML. (2009). Relationship between depressive mood and chronotype in healthy subjects. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 63:283–290.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirata FC, Lima MC, de Bruin VM, Nobrega PR, Wenceslau GP, de Bruin PF. (2007). Depression in medical school: the influence of morningness-eveningness. Chronobiol. Int. 24:939–946.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horne JA, Ostberg O. (1976). A self-assessment questionnaire to determine morningness-eveningness in human circadian rhythms. Int. J. Chronobiol. 4:97–110.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ishihara K, Saitoh T, Inoue Y, Miyata Y. (1984). Validity of the Japanese version of the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire. Percept. Mot. Skills 59:863–866.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ishihara K, Miyasita A, Inugami M, Fukuda K, Miyata Y. (1987). Differences in sleep-wake habits and EEG sleep variables between active morning and evening subjects. Sleep 10:330–342.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaneita Y, Ohida T, Uchiyama M, Takemura S, Kawahara K, Yokoyama E, Miyake T, Harano S, Suzuki K, Fujita T. (2006). The relationship between depression and sleep disturbances: a Japanese nationwide general population survey. J. Clin. Psychiatry 67:196–203.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaplan KA, Harvey AG. (2009). Hypersomnia across mood disorders: a review and synthesis. Sleep Med. Rev. 13:275–285.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katzenberg D, Young T, Finn L, Lin L, King DP, Takahashi JS, Mignot E. (1998). A CLOCK polymorphism associated with human diurnal preference. Sleep 21:569–576.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kawakami N, Takeshima T, Ono Y, Uda H, Hata Y, Nakane Y, Nakane H, Iwata N, Furukawa TA, Kikkawa T. (2005). Twelve-month prevalence, severity, and treatment of common mental disorders in communities in Japan: preliminary finding from the World Mental Health Japan Survey 2002–2003. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 59:441–452.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kerkhof GA, Van Dongen HP. (1996). Morning-type and evening-type individuals differ in the phase position of their endogenous circadian oscillator. Neurosci. Lett. 218:153–156.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kessler RC, Angermeyer M, Anthony JC, de Graaf R, Demyttenaere K, Gasquet I, de Girolamo G, Gluzman S, Gureje O, Haro JM, Kawakami N, Karam A, Levinson D, Medina Mora ME, Oakley Browne MA, Posada-Villa J, Stein DJ, Adley Tsang CH, Aguilar-Gaxiola S, Alonso J, Lee S, Heeringa S, Pennell BE, Berglund P, Gruber MJ, Petukhova M, Chatterji S, Ustun TB. (2007). Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of mental disorders in the World Health Organization's World Mental Health Survey Initiative. World Psychiatry 6:168–176.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kripke DF, Nievergelt CM, Joo E, Shekhtman T, Kelsoe JR. (2009). Circadian polymorphisms associated with affective disorders. J. Circadian Rhythms 7:2.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Krishnan V, Nestler EJ. (2008). The molecular neurobiology of depression. Nature 455:894–902.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lamont EW, Legault-Coutu D, Cermakian N, Boivin DB. (2007). The role of circadian clock genes in mental disorders. Dialogues Clin. Neurosci. 9:333–342.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Leproult R, Colecchia EF, Berardi AM, Stickgold R, Kosslyn SM, Van Cauter E. (2003). Individual differences in subjective and objective alertness during sleep deprivation are stable and unrelated. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 284:R280–R290.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewy AJ, Sack RL, Miller LS, Hoban TM. (1987). Antidepressant and circadian phase-shifting effects of light. Science 235:352–354.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu X, Uchiyama M, Shibui K, Kim K, Kudo Y, Tagaya H, Suzuki H, Okawa M. (2000). Diurnal preference, sleep habits, circadian sleep propensity and melatonin rhythm in healthy human subjects. Neurosci. Lett. 280:199–202.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lopez AD, Mathers CD, Ezzati M, Jamison DT, Murray CJ. (2006). Global and regional burden of disease and risk factors, 2001: systematic analysis of population health data. Lancet 367:1747–1757.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mansour HA, Wood J, Chowdari KV, Dayal M, Thase ME, Kupfer DJ, Monk TH, Devlin B, Nimgaonkar VL. (2005). Circadian phase variation in bipolar I disorder. Chronobiol. Int. 22:571–584.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mansour HA, Wood J, Logue T, Chowdari KV, Dayal M, Kupfer DJ, Monk TH, Devlin B, Nimgaonkar VL. (2006). Association study of eight circadian genes with bipolar I disorder, schizoaffective disorder and schizophrenia. Genes Brain Behav. 5:150–157.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McClung CA. (2007). Circadian genes, rhythms and the biology of mood disorders. Pharmacol. Ther. 114:222–232.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McClung CA, Sidiropoulou K, Vitaterna M, Takahashi JS, White FJ, Cooper DC, Nestler EJ. (2005). Regulation of dopaminergic transmission and cocaine reward by the Clock gene. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 102:9377–9381.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meerlo P, Sgoifo A, Suchecki D. (2008). Restricted and disrupted sleep: effects on autonomic function, neuroendocrine stress systems and stress responsivity. Sleep Med. Rev. 12:197–210.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mendlewicz J. (2009). Disruption of the circadian timing systems: molecular mechanisms in mood disorders. CNS Drugs 23( Suppl 2):15–26.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mishima K, Tozawa T, Satoh K, Saitoh H, Mishima Y. (2005). The 3111T/C polymorphism of hClock is associated with evening preference and delayed sleep timing in a Japanese population sample. Am. J. Med. Genet. B Neuropsychiatr. Genet. 133B:101–104.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mongrain V, Lavoie S, Selmaoui B, Paquet J, Dumont M. (2004). Phase relationships between sleep-wake cycle and underlying circadian rhythms in Morningness-Eveningness. J. Biol. Rhythms 19:248–257.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Narrow WE, Rae DS, Robins LN, Regier DA. (2002). Revised prevalence estimates of mental disorders in the United States: using a clinical significance criterion to reconcile 2 surveys' estimates. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 59:115–123.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nestler EJ, Barrot M, DiLeone RJ, Eisch AJ, Gold SJ, Monteggia LM. (2002). Neurobiology of depression. Neuron 34:13–25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nievergelt CM, Kripke DF, Barrett TB, Burg E, Remick RA, Sadovnick AD, McElroy SL, Keck PE, Jr., Schork NJ, Kelsoe JR. (2006). Suggestive evidence for association of the circadian genes PERIOD3 and ARNTL with bipolar disorder. Am. J. Med. Genet. B Neuropsychiatr. Genet. 141B:234–241.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Novati A, Roman V, Cetin T, Hagewoud R, den Boer JA, Luiten PG, Meerlo P. (2008). Chronically restricted sleep leads to depression-like changes in neurotransmitter receptor sensitivity and neuroendocrine stress reactivity in rats. Sleep 31:1579–1585.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohayon MM, Carskadon MA, Guilleminault C, Vitiello MV. (2004). Meta-analysis of quantitative sleep parameters from childhood to old age in healthy individuals: developing normative sleep values across the human lifespan. Sleep 27:1255–1273.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park YM, Matsumoto K, Seo YJ, Shinkoda H, Park KP. (1997). Scores on morningness-eveningness and sleep habits of Korean students, Japanese students, and Japanese workers. Percept. Mot. Skills 85:143–154.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Portaluppi F, Touitou Y, Smolensky MH. (2008). Ethical and methodological standards for laboratory and medical biological rhythm research. Chronobiol. Int. 25:999–1016.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Radloff LS. (1977). The CES-D Scale: a self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Appl. Psychol. Measure. 1:385–401.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Risch N, Herrell R, Lehner T, Liang KY, Eaves L, Hoh J, Griem A, Kovacs M, Ott J, Merikangas KR. (2009). Interaction between the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR), stressful life events, and risk of depression: a meta-analysis. JAMA 301:2462–2471.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roybal K, Theobold D, Graham A, DiNieri JA, Russo SJ, Krishnan V, Chakravarty S, Peevey J, Oehrlein N, Birnbaum S, Vitaterna MH, Orsulak P, Takahashi JS, Nestler EJ, Carlezon WA, McClung CA. (2007). Mania-like behavior induced by disruption of CLOCK. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 104:6406–6411.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shima S, Shikano T, Kitamura T, Asai M. (1985). New self-rating scale for depression (in Japanese). Clin. Psychiatry 27:717–723.
   Google Scholar
• Shirayama M, Shirayama Y, Iida H, Kato M, Kajimura N, Watanabe T, Sekimoto M, Shirakawa S, Okawa M, Takahashi K. (2003). The psychological aspects of patients with delayed sleep phase syndrome (DSPS). Sleep Med. 4:427–433.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith CS, Tisak J, Bauman T, Green E. (1991). Psychometric equivalence of a translated circadian rhythm questionnaire: implications for between- and within-population assessments. J. Appl. Psychol. 76:628–636.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taillard J, Philip P, Bioulac B. (1999). Morningness/eveningness and the need for sleep. J. Sleep Res. 8:291–295.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taillard J, Philip P, Chastang JF, Bioulac B. (2004). Validation of Horne and Ostberg morningness-eveningness questionnaire in a middle-aged population of French workers. J. Biol. Rhythms 19:76–86.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thase ME. (1999). Antidepressant treatment of the depressed patient with insomnia. J. Clin. Psychiatry 60( Suppl 17):28–31; discussion 46–28.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tonetti L, Fabbri M, Natale V. (2009). Relationship between circadian typology and big five personality domains. Chronobiol. Int. 26:337–347.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tucker AM, Dinges DF, Van Dongen HP. (2007). Trait interindividual differences in the sleep physiology of healthy young adults. J. Sleep Res. 16:170–180.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Dongen HP, Baynard MD, Maislin G, Dinges DF. (2004). Systematic interindividual differences in neurobehavioral impairment from sleep loss: evidence of trait-like differential vulnerability. Sleep 27:423–433.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Dongen HP, Vitellaro KM, Dinges DF. (2005). Individual differences in adult human sleep and wakefulness: leitmotif for a research agenda. Sleep 28:479–496.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wood J, Birmaher B, Axelson D, Ehmann M, Kalas C, Monk K, Turkin S, Kupfer DJ, Brent D, Monk TH, Nimgainkar VL. (2009). Replicable differences in preferred circadian phase between bipolar disorder patients and control individuals. Psychiatry Res. 166:201–209.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wright SP. (1992). Adjusted P-values for simultaneous inference. Biometrics 48:1005–1013.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young E, Korszun A. (2009). Sex, trauma, stress hormones and depression. Mol. Psychiatry 15:23–28.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar