REFERENCES
- Åstrand PO, Rodahl K. (1986). Text book of work physiology: physiological basis of exercise. 3rd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., pp. 596–614.
- Araujo LG, Waterhouse J, Edwards B, Henrique E, Santos R, Tufik S, de Mello MT. (2011). Twenty-four-hour rhythms of muscle strength with a consideration of some methodological problems. Biol. Rhythm Res. 42:472–490.
- Atkinson G, Todd C, Reilly T, Waterhouse J. (2005). Diurnal variation in cycling performance: influence of warm-up. J. Sports Sci. 23:321–329.
- Arnett M. (2002). Effects of prolonged and reduced warm-ups on diurnal variation in body temperature and swim performance. J. Strength Cond. Res. 16:256–261.
- Bakkevig MK, Nielsen R. (1994). Impact of wet underwear on thermoregulatory responses and thermal comfort in the cold. Ergonomics 37:1375–1389.
- Bambaeichi E, Reilly T, Cable N, Giacomoni M. (2005). The influence of time of day and partial sleep loss on muscle strength in eumenorrheic females. Ergonomics 48:1499–1511.
- Bernard T, Giacomoni M, Gavarry O, Seymat M, Falgairette G. (1998). Time of-day effects in maximal anaerobic leg exercise. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 77:133–138.
- Birk TJ, Birk CA. (1987). Use of perceived exertion for exercise prescription. Sports Med. 4:1–8.
- Bishop D. (2003). Performance changes following active warm up and how to structure the warm up. Sports Med. 33:483–498.
- Castaingts V, Martin A, Van Hoecke J, Perot C. (2004). Neuromuscular efficiency of the triceps surae in induced and voluntary contractions: morning and evening evaluations. Chronobiol. Int. 21:631–643.
- Coldwells A, Atkinson G, Reilly T. (1994). Sources of variation in back and leg dynamometry. Ergonomics 37:79–86.
- Craig JV, Lancaster GA, Taylor S, Williamson PR, Smyth RL. (2000). Infrared ear thermometry compared with rectal thermometry in children: a systematic review. Lancet 360:603–609.
- Drust B, Waterhouse J, Atkinson G, Edwards B, Reilly T. (2005). Circadian rhythms in sports performance: an update. Chronobiol. Int. 22:21–40.
- Edwards BJ, Atkinson G. (1998). Effect of the time of day on flexibility in morning and evening types. Part IV: physiology [abstract]. J. Sports Sci. 16:45–46.
- Edwards BJ, Waterhouse J. (2009). Effects of one night of partial sleep deprivation upon diurnal rhythms of accuracy and consistency in throwing darts. Chronobiol. Int. 26:756–768.
- Edwards B, Waterhouse J, Reilly T, Atkinson G. (2002). A comparison of the suitabilities of rectal, gut, and insulated axilla temperatures for measurement of the circadian rhythm of core temperature in field studies. Chronobiol. Int. 19:579–597
- Edwards BJ, Giaconcomi M, Bambaeichi E, Atkinson G, Reilly T, Waterhouse J. (2005). Effect of the site for temperature measurement on circadian rhythm parameters in males [abstract]. J. Sports Sci. 23:263.
- Edwards B, Waterhouse J, Reilly T. (2008). Circadian rhythms and their association with body temperature and time-awake when performing a simple task with the dominant and non-dominant hand. Chronobiol. Int. 25:115–132.
- Enwemeka CS, Allen C, Avila P, Bina J, Konrade J, Munns S. (2002). Soft tissue thermodynamics before, during and after cold pack therapy. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 34:45–50.
- Field A. (2000). Discovering statistics using SPSS for Windows. London: Sage. pp. 334.
- Gagge AP, Gonzalez RR. (1996). Mechanisms of heat exchange: Biophysics and Physiology. In Fregly MJ, Blatteis CM (eds.). Handbook of Physiology, Section 4: Environmental Physiology. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 45–84.
- Giacomoni M, Edwards B, Bambaeichi E, Waterhouse J, Reilly T. (2005). Gender related differences in the circadian variations in muscle strength. Ergonomics 48:1473–1487.
- Gregson W, Drust B, Batterham A, Cable NT. (2002). The effects of pre-warming on the metabolic and thermoregulatory responses to prolonged submaximal exercise in moderate ambient temperatures. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 86:526–533.
- Guette M, Gondin J, Martin A. (2005). Time of day effect on the torque and neuromuscular properties of dominant and non-dominant quadriceps femoris. Chronobiol. Int. 22:541–558.
- Keogh JWL, Wilson GJ, Weatherby RP. (1999). A cross sectional comparison of different resistance training techniques in the bench press. J. Strength Cond. Res. 13:247–258.
- Kinear PR, Gray LD. (1995). SPSS for windows made simple. London: Lawrence Ehbaum. pp. 228.
- Kline CE, Durstine JL, Davis JM, Moore TA, Devlin TM, Zielinski MR, Youngstedt, SD. (2007). Circadian variation in swim performance. J. Appl. Physiol. 102:641–649.
- Melhim AF. (1993). Investigation of circadian rhythms in peak power and mean power of female physical education students. Int. J. Sports Med. 14:303–306.
- Martin A, Carpentier A, Guissarrd N, Van Hoecke J, Duchateau J. (1999). Effect of time of day on force variation in a human muscle. Muscle Nerve, 22:1380–1387.
- McNair DM, Lorr M, Droppleman L. (1971). Manual for the Profile of Mood States. San Diego, CA: Educational and Industrial Testing Service, pp. 1–7.
- Merton PA. (1954). Voluntary strength and fatigue. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 123:553–564.
- Morris C, Atkinson G, Drust B, Marrin K, Gregson W. 2009. Human core temperature responses during exercise and subsequent recovery: an important interaction between diurnal variation and measurement site. Chronobiol. Int. 26:560–575.
- Morton JP, Atkinson G, MacLaren DPM, Cable NT, Gilbert G, Broome C, McArdle A, Drust B. (2005). Reliability of maximal muscle force and voluntary activation as markers of exercise-induced muscle damage. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 94:541–548.
- Newman SA, Jones G, Newham DJ. (2003). Quadriceps voluntary activation at different joint angles measured by two stimulation techniques. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 89:469–499.
- Oskouei MAE, van Mazijk BCF, Schuiling MHC, Hezrog W. (2003). Variability in the interpolated twitch torque for maximal and sub-maximal voluntary contractions. J. Appl. Physiol. 95:1648–1655.
- Portaluppi F, Smolensky MH, Touitou Y. (2010). Ethics and methods for biological rhythm research on animals and human beings. Chronobiol. Int. 27:1911–1929.
- Racinais S. (2010). Different effects of heat exposure upon exercise performance in the morning and afternoon. Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports 20:80–89.
- Racinais S, Hue O, Blonc S. (2004a). Time-of-day effects in anaerobic muscular power in a warm environment. Chronobiol. Int. 21:485–495.
- Racinais S, Hue O, Hertogh C, Damiani M, Blonc S. (2004b). Time-of-day effects in maximal anaerobic leg exercise in tropical environment: a first approach. Int. J. Sports Med. 25:186–190.
- Racinais S, Blonc S, Hue O. (2005a). Effects of active warm-up and diurnal increase in temperature on muscular power. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 37:2134–2139.
- Racinais S, Blonc S, Jonville S, Hue O. (2005b). Time of day influences the environmental effects on muscle force and contractility. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 37:256–261.
- Racinais S, Blonc S, Oska J, Hue O. (2009). Does the diurnal increase in central temperature interact with pre-cooling or passive warm-up of the leg? J. Sci. Med. Sport 12:97–100.
- Reilly T, Waterhouse J. (2009). Sports performance: is there evidence that the body clock plays a role? Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 106:321–332.
- Rutherford OM, Jones DA, Newham. (1986). Clinical and experimental application of the percutaneous twitch superimposition technique for the study of human muscle activation. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 49:1288–1291.
- Sargent C, Ferguson SA, Darwent D, Kennaway DJ, Roach GD. (2010). The influence of circadian phase and prior wake on neuromuscular function. Chronobiol. Int. 27:911–921.
- Souissi N, Driss T, Chamari K, Vandewalle H, Davenne D, Gam A, Fillard J-R, Jousselin E. (2010). Diurnal variation in Wingate test performances: influence of active warm-up. Chronobiol. Int. 27:640–652.
- Strickler T, Malone T, Garrett WE. (1990). The effects of passive warming on muscle injury. Am. J. Sports Med. 18:141–145.
- Smith CS, Reilly C, Midkiff K. (1989). Evaluation of three circadian rhythm questionnaires with suggestions for an improved measure of morningness. J. Appl. Psychol. 74:728–738.
- Tamm AS, Largerquist O, Ley AL, Collins DF. (2009). Chronotype influences diurnal variations in the excitability of the human motor cortex and the ability to generate torque during a maximum voluntary contraction. J. Biol. Rhythms 24:211–224.
- Taylor K, Cronin JB, Gill N, Chapman DW, Sheppard JM. (2011). Warm-up affects diurnal variation in power outputs. Int. J. Sports Med. 32:185–189.
- Todd G, Gorman RB, Gandevia SC. (2004). Measurement and reproducibility of strength and voluntary activation of lower limb muscles. Muscle Nerve. 29:834–842.
- Waterhouse J, Drust B, Weinert D, Edwards B, Gregson W, Atkinson G, Kao S, Aizawa S, Reilly, T. (2005). The circadian rhythm of core temperature: origin and some implications for exercise performance. Chronobiol. Int. 22:207–226.
- Zhang X, Dube TJ, Esser KA. (2009). The role of clock genes in cardiometabolic disease: working around the clock: circadian rhythms and skeletal muscle. J. Appl. Physiol. 107:1647–1654.