Perceived morningness–eveningness predicts academic adjustment and substance use across university, but social jetlag is not to blame

References

• Adan A. (1994). Chronotype and personality factors in the daily consumption of alcohol and psychostimulants. Addiction. 89:455–62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adan A. (2013). A chronobiological approach to addiction. J Subs Use. 18:171–83
   Google Scholar
• Adan A, Archer SN, Hidalgo MP, et al. (2012). Circadian typology: A comprehensive review. Chronobiol Int. 29:1153–75
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allebrandt KV, Roenneberg T. (2008). The search for circadian clock components in humans: New perspectives for association studies. Braz J Med Biol Res. 41:716–21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker RW, Siryk B. (1989). Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire (SACQ). Los Angeles, CA: Western Psychological Services
   Google Scholar
• Barber LK, Rupprecht EA, Munz DC. (2014). Sleep habits may undermine well-being through the stressor appraisal process. J Happiness Stud. 15:285–99
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beşoluk Ş. (2011). Morningness–eveningness preferences and university entrance examination scores of high school students. Person Indiv Diff. 50:248–52
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beşoluk Ş, Önder İ, Deveci İ. (2011). Morningness–eveningness preferences and academic achievement of university students. Chronobiol Int. 28:118–25
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borisenkov MF, Perminova EV, Kosova AL. (2010). Chronotype, sleep length, and school achievement of 11- to 23-year-old students in northern European Russia. Chronobiol Int. 27:1259–70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Broms U, Pennanen M, Patja K, et al. (2012). Diurnal evening type is associated with current smoking, nicotine dependence and nicotine intake in the population based National FINRISK 2007 Study. J Addict Res Ther. S2:002
   Google Scholar
• Chelminski I, Petros TV, Plaud JJ, Ferraro R. (2000). Psychometric properties of the reduced Horne and Östberg questionnaire. Person Indiv Diff. 29:469–78
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Danel T, Touitou Y. (2004). Chronobiology of alcohol: From chronokinetics to alcohol-related alterations of the circadian system. Chronobiol Int. 21:923–35
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Díaz-Morales J, Escribano C. (2013). Predicting school achievement: The role of inductive reasoning, sleep length and morningness–eveningness. Person Indiv Diff. 55:106–11
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Digdon NL, Howell AJ. (2008). College students who have an eveningness preference report lower self-control and greater procrastination. Chronobiol Int. 25:1029–46
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Digdon N, Landry K. (2013). University students' motives for drinking alcohol are related to evening preference, poor sleep, and ways of coping with stress. Biol Rhythm Res. 44:1–11
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Milia L, Adan A, Natale V, Randler C. (2013). Reviewing the psychometric properties of contemporary circadian typology measures. Chronobiol Int. 30:1261–71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Enders CK. (2010). Applied missing data analysis. New York: Guilford Press
   Google Scholar
• Fernández-Mendoza J, Ilioudi C, Montes MI, et al. (2010). Circadian preference, nighttime sleep and daytime functioning in young adulthood. Sleep Biol Rhythms. 8:52–62
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gau SS, Shang C, Merikangas KR, et al. (2007). Association between morningness–eveningness and behavioral/emotional problems among adolescents. J Biol Rhythms. 22:268–74
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giampietro M, Cavallera GM. (2007). Morning and evening types and creative thinking. Person Indiv Diff. 42:453–63
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giannotti F, Cortesi F, Sebastiani T, Ottaviano S. (2002). Circadian preference, sleep and daytime behaviour in adolescence. J Sleep Res. 11:191–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldstein D, Hahn CS, Hasher L, et al. (2007). Time of day, intellectual performance, and behavioral problems in morning versus evening type adolescents: Is there a synchrony effect? Person Indiv Diff. 42:431–40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gomes A, Tavares J, de Azevedo MP. (2011). Sleep and academic performance in undergraduates: A multi-measure, multi-predictor approach. Chronobiol Int. 28:786–801
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haraszti RA, Ella K, Gyöngyösi N, et al. (2014). Social jetlag negatively correlates with academic performance in undergraduates. Chronobiol Int. 31:603–12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hasler BP, Clark DB. (2013). Circadian misalignment, reward-related brain function, and adolescent alcohol involvement. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 37:558–65
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hasler BP, Sitnick SL, Shaw DS, Forbes EE. (2013). An altered neural response to reward may contribute to alcohol problems among late adolescents with an evening chronotype. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging. 214:357–64
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hess B, Sherman MF, Goodman M. (2000). Eveningness predicts academic procrastination: The mediating role of neuroticism. J Soc Behav Personality. 15:61–74
   Google Scholar
• Horne JA, Östberg Ö. (1976). A self-assessment questionnaire to determine morningness–eveningness in human circadian rhythms. Int J Chronobiol. 4:97–110
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hu LT, Bentler PM. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Struct Equ Model 6:1–55
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jovanovski D, Bassili JN. (2007). The relationship between morningness–eveningness preference and online learning. Biol Rhythm Res. 38:355–65
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levandovski R, Dantas G, Fernandes LC, et al. (2011). Depression scores associate with chronotype and social jetlag in a rural population. Chronobiol Int. 28:771–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin YH, Gau SSF. (2013). Association between morningness–eveningness and the severity of compulsive Internet use: The moderating role of gender and parenting style. Sleep Med. 14:1398–404
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mateo M, Díaz-Morales J, Barreno C, et al. (2012). Morningness–eveningness and sleep habits among adolescents: Age and gender differences. Psicothema. 24:410–15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merikanto I, Kronholm E, Peltonen M, et al. (2012). Relation of chronotype to sleep complaints in the general Finnish population. Chronobiol Int. 29:311–17
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milfont TL, Schwarzenthal M. (2014). Explaining why larks are future-oriented and owls are present-oriented: Self-control mediates the chronotype-time perspective relationships. Chronobiol Int. 31:581–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Minkel JD, Banks S, Htaik O, et al. (2012). Sleep deprivation and stressors: Evidence for elevated negative affect in response to mild stressors when sleep deprived. Emotion. 12:1015–20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morin CM. (1993). Insomnia: Psychological assessment and management. New York: Guilford Press
   Google Scholar
• Muro A, Gomà-i-Freixanet M, Adan A. (2012). Circadian typology and sensation seeking in adolescents. Chronobiol Int. 29:1376–82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Önder İ, Beşoluk Ş, İskender M, et al. (2014). Circadian preferences, sleep quality and sleep patterns, personality, academic motivation and academic achievement of university students. Learn Indiv Differ. 32:184–92
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Portaluppi F, Smolensky MH, Touitou Y. (2010). Ethics and methods for biological rhythm research on animals and human beings. Chronobiol Int. 27:1911–29
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prat G, Adan A. (2011). Influence of circadian typology on drug consumption, hazardous alcohol use, and hangover symptoms. Chronobiol Int. 28:248–57
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prat G, Adan A. (2013). Relationships among circadian typology, psychological symptoms, and sensation seeking. Chronobiol Int. 30:942–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Preckel F, Lipnevich AA, Schneider S, Roberts RD. (2011). Chronotype, cognitive abilities, and academic achievement: A meta-analytic investigation. Learn Indiv Differ. 21:483–92
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Randler C, Frech D. (2006). Correlation between morningness–eveningness and final school leaving exams. Biol Rhythm Res. 37:233–9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Randler C, Horzum MB, Vollmer C. (2013). Internet addiction and its relationship to chronotype and personality in a Turkish university student sample. Soc Sci Comput Rev. 32:484–95
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rawn CD, Vohs KD. (2011). People use self-control to risk personal harm: An intra-interpersonal dilemma. Pers Soc Psychol Rev. 15:267–89
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roenneberg T, Allebrandt KV, Merrow M, Vetter C. (2012). Social jetlag and obesity (Supplemental material). Curr Biol. 22:939–43
   Google Scholar
• Roenneberg T, Kuehnle T, Juda M, et al. (2007). Epidemiology of the human circadian clock. Sleep Med Rev. 11:429–38
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roenneberg T, Wirz-Justice A, Merrow M. (2003). Life between clocks: Daily temporal patterns of human chronotypes. J Biol Rhythms. 18:80–90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roeser K, Meule A, Schwerdtle B, et al. (2012). Subjective sleep quality exclusively mediates the relationship between morningness–eveningness preference and self-perceived stress response. Chronobiol Int. 29:955–60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roeser K, Schlarb AA, Kübler A. (2013). The chronotype-academic performance model (CAM): Daytime sleepiness and learning motivation link chronotype and school performance in adolescents. Person Indiv Diff. 54:836–40
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rupp TL, Acebo C, Carskadon MA. (2007). Evening alcohol suppresses salivary melatonin in young adults. Chronobiol Int. 24:463–70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schafer JL, Graham JW. (2002). Missing data: Our view of the state of the art. Psychol Methods. 7:147–77
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schneider MLD, Vasconcellos DC, Dantas G, et al. (2011). Morningness–eveningness, use of stimulants, and minor psychiatric disorders among undergraduate students. Int J Psychol. 46:18–23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Selvi Y, Aydin A, Boysan M, et al. (2010). Associations between chronotype, sleep quality, suicidality, and depressive symptoms in patients with major depression and healthy controls. Chronobiol Int. 27:1813–28
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soehner AM, Kennedy KS, Monk TH. (2011). Circadian preference and sleep–wake regularity: Associations with self-report sleep parameters in daytime-working adults. Chronobiol Int. 28:802–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Statistics Canada. (2006). Population by ethnic origin. Available from: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/tables-tableaux/sum-som/l01/cst01/demo26g-eng.htm
   Google Scholar
• Stolarski M, Ledzińska M, Matthews G. (2013). Morning is tomorrow, evening is today: Relationships between chronotype and time perspective. Biol Rhythm Res. 44:181–96
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taillard JJ, Philip PP, Bioulac BB. (1999). Morningness/eveningness and the need for sleep. J Sleep Res. 8:291–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tavernier R, Willoughby T. (2014). Bidirectional associations between sleep (quality and duration) and psychosocial functioning across the university years. Dev Psychol. 50:674–82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor DJ, Clay KC, Bramoweth AD, et al. (2011). Circadian phase preference in college students: Relationships with psychological functioning and academics. Chronobiol Int. 28:541–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thun E, Bjorvatn B, Osland T, et al. (2012). An actigraphic validation study of seven morningness–eveningness inventories. Eur Psychol. 17:222–30
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tonetti L, Adan A, Caci H, et al. (2010). Morningness–eveningness preference and sensation seeking. Eur Psychiatry. 25:111–15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Touitou Y. (2013). Adolescent sleep misalignment: A chronic jet lag and a matter of public health. J Physiol Paris. 107:323–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Urbán R, Magyaródi T, Rigó A. (2011). Morningness–eveningness, chronotypes and health-impairing behaviors in adolescents. Chronobiol Int. 28:238–47
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Urner M, Tornic J, Bloch KE. (2009). Sleep patterns in high school and university students: A longitudinal study. Chronobiol Int. 26:1222–34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van der Heijden KB, de Sonneville LM, Swaab H. (2013). Association of eveningness with problem behavior in children: A mediating role of impaired sleep. Chronobiol Int. 30:919–29
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vardar E, Vardar SA, Molla T, et al. (2008). Psychological symptoms and sleep quality in young subjects with different circadian preferences. Biol Rhythm Res. 39:493–500
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang L, Hu L. (2015). Are early birds more disciplined? A social jet lag perspective. Curr Psychol. doi:10.1007/s12144-015-9322-1
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wittmann M, Dinich J, Merrow M, Roenneberg T. (2006). Social jetlag: Misalignment of biological and social time. Chronobiol Int. 23:497–509
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wittmann M, Paulus M, Roenneberg T. (2010). Decreased psychological well-being in late ‘chronotypes’ is mediated by smoking and alcohol consumption. Subst Use Misuse. 45:15–30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zawadzki MJ, Graham JE, Gerin W. (2013). Rumination and anxiety mediate the effect of loneliness on depressed mood and sleep quality in college students. Health Psychol. 32:212–22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zimmermann LK. (2011). Chronotype and the transition to college life. Chronobiol Int. 28:904–10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar